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| The word is based on the ] ''politeia'', referring to government or administration. The word police was coined in the 18th century, while constables had existed since Saxon times. | The word is based on the ] ''politeia'', referring to government or administration. The word police was coined in the 18th century, while constables had existed since Saxon times. | ||
| In Britain in 1812, 1818 and 1822 a number of committees had examined the policing of ]. Based on their findings the home secretary ] passed the ], introducing a more rigourous and less discretionary approach to law enforcement. The new Metropolitan Police force, founded on ], was depersonalized, bureaucratic and hierarchical with the new ''police'' constables tasked to prevent crime. However in contrast to the more paramilitary police of continental Europe the British police were initially clearly civilian and their armament was limited to the truncheon, a fear of spy systems and political control also kept 'plain clothes' and even detective work to a minimum. The force was independent of the local government, through its commissioner it was responsible direct to the ]. The new constables were nicknamed 'peelers' or 'bobbies' after the home secretary. | In Britain in ], ] and ] a number of committees had examined the policing of ]. Based on their findings the home secretary ] passed the ], introducing a more rigourous and less discretionary approach to law enforcement. The new Metropolitan Police force, founded on ], was depersonalized, bureaucratic and hierarchical with the new ''police'' constables tasked to prevent crime. However in contrast to the more paramilitary police of continental Europe the British police were initially clearly civilian and their armament was limited to the truncheon, a fear of spy systems and political control also kept 'plain clothes' and even detective work to a minimum. The force was independent of the local government, through its commissioner it was responsible direct to the ]. The new constables were nicknamed 'peelers' or 'bobbies' after the home secretary. | ||
| Outside of the metropolitan area the ] and further legislation in 1839 and 1840 allowed counties to create their own constabulary, around thirty counties had done so before the ] made such forces mandatory and subject to central inspection. There were over 200 separate forces in England and Wales by 1860, while in Ireland a more centralized and military force, the Royal Irish Constabulary, was created. | Outside of the metropolitan area the ] and further legislation in 1839 and 1840 allowed counties to create their own constabulary, around thirty counties had done so before the ] made such forces mandatory and subject to central inspection. There were over 200 separate forces in England and Wales by 1860, while in Ireland a more centralized and military force, the Royal Irish Constabulary, was created. | ||
Revision as of 11:46, 30 June 2002
The police are a government organisation who are given responsibility for maintaining law and order.
Oh, what a great topic! We should discuss famous police departments (Scotland Yard, NYPD, LAPD, others?), the history of police, the legal distinction(s) between military and police (and lacks thereof in some societies), what training police officers are typically required to have, comparison and contrast of policing systems, and police behavior...golly, the list goes on and on.
Links while page is under construction:
The British Police
The word is based on the Latin politeia, referring to government or administration. The word police was coined in the 18th century, while constables had existed since Saxon times.
In Britain in 1812, 1818 and 1822 a number of committees had examined the policing of London. Based on their findings the home secretary Robert Peel passed the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, introducing a more rigourous and less discretionary approach to law enforcement. The new Metropolitan Police force, founded on September 29, was depersonalized, bureaucratic and hierarchical with the new police constables tasked to prevent crime. However in contrast to the more paramilitary police of continental Europe the British police were initially clearly civilian and their armament was limited to the truncheon, a fear of spy systems and political control also kept 'plain clothes' and even detective work to a minimum. The force was independent of the local government, through its commissioner it was responsible direct to the Home Office. The new constables were nicknamed 'peelers' or 'bobbies' after the home secretary.
Outside of the metropolitan area the Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 and further legislation in 1839 and 1840 allowed counties to create their own constabulary, around thirty counties had done so before the County and Borough Police Act of 1856 made such forces mandatory and subject to central inspection. There were over 200 separate forces in England and Wales by 1860, while in Ireland a more centralized and military force, the Royal Irish Constabulary, was created.
Within the Metropolitan Police a detective force was founded in 1842 and following the Turf Fraud scandal of 1877 it was reorganized into the C.I.D. () in 1878. A pension was guaranteed by the Police Act of 1890, previously it had been discretionary.
The police became unionized during WW I and the strikes of 1918 and 1919 resulted in the Police Act of 1919, prohibiting trade unions but creating the Police Federation. However the fragmented nature of the police resisted change, there were still over 200 separate police forces before WW II and 117 before the mass reorganization of the Police Act of 1964 which created 49 larger forces covering several counties or large urban areas with limited accountability.
Evidence of widespread corruption in the 1970s, serious urban riots and the police role in controlling industrial disorder in the 1980s, and the changing nature of police procedure made police accountability and control a major political football from the 1990s onwards. A problem not helped by the steady rise in recorded crime figures.
See also: italian Carabinieri
See also the pop band The Police.