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{{short description|Title used by certain communities in Tamil Nadu}} {{short description|Title used by certain communities in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
'''Gounder''' is an honorific used by warrior ruling communities in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104013919/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 November 2012 | work=] | title=Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties |date=21 May 2009 }}</ref> It may refer to communities such as the ], ],<ref>{{cite book|first=Kumar Suresh|last=Singh|title=People of India|volume=40,part 2|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|date=2001|page=640|isbn=9788185938882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CBIwAQAAIAAJ&q=Vokkaliga+Gounder}}:”The community has titles viz. Gowda , Gowdar , Gounder and Kounder.”</ref> and ].<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Geoffrey |last=Burkhart |title=Equal in the Eyes of God: A South Indian Devotional Group in its Hierarchical Setting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OREVAAAAIAAJ&q=Gounder |journal=Contributions to Asian Studies |volume=5 |year=1974 |publisher=Brill Academic |isbn=9789004039674|page=8|quote=For example, the term 'Gounder' may denote a person of Vettuvar, Vellalar, Vanniyar, or Gollar caste.}}</ref> '''Gounder''' is a title used by various communities in the ] of ].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104013919/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve | url-status=dead | archive-date=4 November 2012 | work=] | title=Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties |date=21 May 2009 }}</ref> It may refer to communities such as the ], ], ],<ref>{{cite book|first=Kumar Suresh|last=Singh|title=People of India|volume=40,part 2|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|date=2001|page=640|isbn=9788185938882|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CBIwAQAAIAAJ&q=Vokkaliga+Gounder}}:”The community has titles viz. Gowda , Gowdar , Gounder and Kounder.”</ref> ]s,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-assembly-passes-bill-to-provide-10-5-internal-quota-to-vanniyakula-kshatriya-community/articleshow/81227780.cms|title= Tamil Nadu assembly passes bill for Vanniyar internal quota|language=ta |access-date=26 February 2021 |work=Times of India}}</ref> Vettuvars and ].<ref>{{Cite journal |first=Geoffrey |last=Burkhart |title=Equal in the Eyes of God: A South Indian Devotional Group in its Hierarchical Setting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OREVAAAAIAAJ&q=Gounder |journal=Contributions to Asian Studies |volume=5 |year=1974 |publisher=Brill Academic |isbn=9789004039674|page=8|quote=For example, the term 'Gounder' may denote a person of Vettuvar, Vellalar, Vanniyar, or Gollar caste.}}</ref>


The title is used to represent ] community people in ] region in ].<ref>{{Citation|title=கவுண்டர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும் {{!}} Unknown Castes History – About Gounder : Nallasamy Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5BzXoc7yRE|language=en|access-date=2021-06-23}}</ref> The title is used to represent ] community people in ] region in ].<ref>{{Citation|title=கவுண்டர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும் {{!}} Unknown Castes History – About Gounder : Nallasamy Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5BzXoc7yRE|language=en|access-date=2021-06-23}}</ref>


The title represents ]s<ref>{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=Shish Ram|date=2002|title=Protective Discrimination, Other Backward Classes in India|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Protective_Discrimination/T3PaAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=vanniyakula%20kshathriya%20gounder|location=New Delhi, India|publisher=Raj Publications|page=407|isbn=9788186208236}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=வன்னியர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும்{{!}} Unknown Castes History – About Vanniyar : Aru Annal Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSbfw3gWemk|language=ta|access-date=2019-01-10}}</ref> in the Northern region of ] in districts of Vellore, Tirupattur, Ranipet, Viluppuram, Kallakurichi, Salem, and Dharmapuri.{{cn|date=February 2022}} In the districts of Namakkal, and the Western ], the communities of ], ] and ] share this title.{{cn|date=February 2022}}
It is denoting the person who protects the land and its people. It was originally an honorific used by the administrative head of a region. Typically, such a head owned land and held political and social sway in the village. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/Gowda_(surname)</ref>


==Etymology== ==Etymology==
There are number of derivations for the title. One theory derives it from the ] word ''Kaamindan'', meaning "noble protector of the country", later modified as ''Kavundan'' or Gounder.<ref name="Madhavan">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2516/stories/20080815251611400.htm|title=Steeped in history|last=Madhvan|first=Karthik|date=2 August 2008|work=Frontline|publisher=The Hindu Group|access-date=22 January 2011|location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050939/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2516/stories/20080815251611400.htm|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> There are number of derivations for the title. One theory derives it from the ] word ''Kaamindan'', meaning "noble protector of the country", later modified as ''Kavundan'' or Gounder.<ref name="Madhavan">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2516/stories/20080815251611400.htm|title=Steeped in history|last=Madhvan|first=Karthik|date=2 August 2008|work=Frontline|publisher=The Hindu Group|access-date=22 January 2011|location=Chennai, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050939/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl2516/stories/20080815251611400.htm|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>


According to ] the Tamil Kavundans or Goundans branched off from the ]s and both might have a common origin from the ].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sadasivan|first=S. N|date=2000|title=A social history of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&dq=Kavundans+&pg=PA254|location=New Delhi, India|publisher=APH Pub. Corp|page=254|isbn=9788176481700}}:”In all probability, the Tamil Kavandans or Goundans might have branched off from them and both might be descendants of Kurumbas of yore.”</ref> According to ] the Tamil Kavundans or Goundans branched off from the ]s and both might have a common origin from the ].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sadasivan|first=S. N|date=2000|title=A social history of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Be3PCvzf-BYC&dq=Kavundans+&pg=PA254|location=New Delhi, India|publisher=APH Pub. Corp|page=254|isbn=9788176481700}}:”In all probability the Tamil Kavandans or Goundans might have branched of from them and both might be descendants of Kurumbas of yore.”</ref>


==History== ==History==
Before 15 the century, they were warriors and territorial kings. After the Vijayanagara empire, Gounders are turned into administrators, chieftains, zamindars, and polygars. Present days, they're landowners who hold acres of land and Industrialists in Textile, Garments, Automobile, IT, and Agriculture. During the ] era, some Gounders migrated to ] rubber plantations as ] to manage the coolies.<ref>{{cite book |first=Raj Sekhar |last=Basu |title=Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4NeGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |year=2011 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-81-321-0679-1 |page=137}}</ref> During the ] era, some Gounders migrated to ] rubber plantations as ] to manage the coolies.<ref>{{cite book |first=Raj Sekhar |last=Basu |title=Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4NeGAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA137 |year=2011 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-81-321-0679-1 |page=137}}</ref>


==References== ==References==

Revision as of 16:08, 31 May 2022

Title used by certain communities in Tamil Nadu

Gounder is a title used by various communities in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It may refer to communities such as the Kongu Vellalar, Kurumba, Vokkaliga, Vanniyars, Vettuvars and Uralis.

The title is used to represent Kongu Vellalar community people in Kongu Nadu region in Tamil Nadu.

The title represents Vanniyars in the Northern region of Tamil Nadu in districts of Vellore, Tirupattur, Ranipet, Viluppuram, Kallakurichi, Salem, and Dharmapuri. In the districts of Namakkal, and the Western Tamil Nadu, the communities of Kongu Vellalar, Vanniyar and Vettuvar share this title.

Etymology

There are number of derivations for the title. One theory derives it from the Tamil word Kaamindan, meaning "noble protector of the country", later modified as Kavundan or Gounder.

According to S. N. Sadasivan the Tamil Kavundans or Goundans branched off from the Vokkaligas and both might have a common origin from the Kuruba.

History

During the British Raj era, some Gounders migrated to Malayan rubber plantations as Kanganis to manage the coolies.

References

  1. "Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties". The Times of India. 21 May 2009. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012.
  2. Singh, Kumar Suresh (2001). People of India. Vol. 40, part 2. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 640. ISBN 9788185938882.:”The community has titles viz. Gowda , Gowdar , Gounder and Kounder.”
  3. "Tamil Nadu assembly passes bill for Vanniyar internal quota". Times of India (in Tamil). Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  4. Burkhart, Geoffrey (1974). "Equal in the Eyes of God: A South Indian Devotional Group in its Hierarchical Setting". Contributions to Asian Studies. 5. Brill Academic: 8. ISBN 9789004039674. For example, the term 'Gounder' may denote a person of Vettuvar, Vellalar, Vanniyar, or Gollar caste.
  5. கவுண்டர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும் | Unknown Castes History – About Gounder : Nallasamy Interview, retrieved 23 June 2021
  6. Sharma, Shish Ram (2002). Protective Discrimination, Other Backward Classes in India. New Delhi, India: Raj Publications. p. 407. ISBN 9788186208236.
  7. வன்னியர்கள் - வாழ்வும் வரலாறும்| Unknown Castes History – About Vanniyar : Aru Annal Interview (in Tamil), retrieved 10 January 2019
  8. Madhvan, Karthik (2 August 2008). "Steeped in history". Frontline. Chennai, India: The Hindu Group. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  9. Sadasivan, S. N (2000). A social history of India. New Delhi, India: APH Pub. Corp. p. 254. ISBN 9788176481700.:”In all probability the Tamil Kavandans or Goundans might have branched of from them and both might be descendants of Kurumbas of yore.”
  10. Basu, Raj Sekhar (2011). Nandanar's Children: The Paraiyans' Tryst with Destiny, Tamil Nadu 1850 - 1956. SAGE. p. 137. ISBN 978-81-321-0679-1.
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