Misplaced Pages

Kičevo: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 14:17, 6 June 2022 edit46.217.20.95 (talk) →ModernTag: Reverted← Previous edit Revision as of 14:18, 6 June 2022 edit undo46.217.20.95 (talk) →CultureTag: RevertedNext edit →
Line 299: Line 299:


==Culture== ==Culture==

===Albanian traditional clothing===
{{Overly detailed|section|details=too detailed for an article about a city. Consider moving to ] or a new article about ethnic Albanian traditional clothing in Macedonia.|date=May 2022}}
Kičevo and its surroundings maintain a unique composition of ]. Unlike the Albanian dialects of the region, the traditional clothing of the Albanians in Kičevo are unitary; rather, diversity is shown varying on gender, age, and situation:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Xheladini |first1=Adem |title=COSTUMES OF KËRÇOVA - TRADITION OF DEDICATION TO CONTINUITY |journal=Journal of Institute Alb-Shkenca |date=2011 |volume=4 |pages=703-707 |url=http://alpa.mali-it.eu/pub/aktet/v4/aktetv4nr4.pdf}}</ref>
* The lower part of men's clothing is characterised by the ]; the colour of the tirqe varied depending on age, as the youth usually wore white tirqe and the older men usually wore dark brown tirqe, which were coloured by the bark of alder trees. Black tirqe were usually worn by elderly men.
* The '']'' (vest), ''mintani'', ''strukja'', ''xhylyni'', ''brezi'' (belt), ''çarapët'' (socks) dhe ''kësula'' (caps) are made of wool, whereas the ''këmisha'' (shirt) was made of fabric. Depending on the economic situation, the këmisha could also be made with wiring and additional components; silk fabrics were also utilised, but the silk itself was cultivated in the region of Kičevo using silk butterflies that fed on mulberry leaves. Këmisha usually had embroidered collars that were made in a variety of styles. Shirt collars were embroidered with engravings that contained motifs of ] origin, which have been observed on Illyrian architectural remains. These ornaments were also embroidered on the socks of both men and women, as well as on gloves.
* The ] (vest) was usually worn by the youth and was mostly used for solemn occasions. The xhamadan usually had two pockets, the upper part of which was used to store a pocket watch.
* The ''Brezi'' (belt) was not only used for decoration, but it was also a symbol of the level of ''burrni'' (manhood) of its wearer as well as to store tobacco and its related objects. The ''brezi'' of grown married women is usually tighter and typically white, decorated with a variety of ornaments. Young girls wore a black ''brez'', and elderly women wore a reddish ''brez''.
* The ''Struka'' was born by young and old alike during cold weather, and it had a part that hung from the back and arms that, when gathered over one's head, could function as a cap of sorts. The ''Xhylyni'' was mostly worn during periods of great frost, and was primarily worn by shepherds. Many ] also wore the xhylyni as it was very thick and protected them from the cold.
* The ''kësula'' (cap/hat) of the region have a unique form; most of the inhabitants of Kičevo wore a flat-top ], like their fellow Albanians in ], ] and ], but there were also individuals who wore round-headed ]. During cold weather, primarily red-coloured or reddish scarves were worn around the plis. The red colour was preferred by the Albanians of Kičevo as it symbolised blood, which the Albanians of Kičevo have historically shed much of.
* Traditionally, socks were knitted with three ''shtiza'', but socks with one ''shtiza'' were worn for solemn occasions. The ''Gjylmysët'' were chords which were spun to hold the ''shullat'', which were woollen cloths. The ''shulla'' were used to wrap the part of the leg below the knee, and were connected with the ''gjylmysë me kiska'' and the ''gjylmysë pa kiska''. These accompanied the ''opinga'' (shoes).
* In place of tirqe, women wore ''nogajca'' and ''kameza'', which were woven with special ornaments. the ornaments of ''kameza'' varied in beauty, decoration and use. The ''nogajca/nagajca'' had multiple forms, such as for differing days of the week, for festivities, for young girls, for grown women and for elderly women - this type of dress was dominant until around the 80's as traditional clothing. Nowadays, these are usually worn at weddings, particularly by young women. The ''peshterka'' are also worn on the lower limbs of women, and vary in colour depending on the age of the wearer; elderly women wore white peshterka, while young girls and wives wear red peshterka. Usually two peshterka are worn, one frontal piece which extends below the knee, and a posterior piece.
* Women's ''këmisha'' (shirt) consisted of two types; long këmisha and short këmishash called ''kousa''. Wedding këmisha were usually heavily decorated with ornaments. Women's sleeves are wider in form, and decorated gloves would be worn up until the elbow. The end of shirts were usually decorated with beads of ribbons, called ''spëik'', whereas the edges contained additional ornaments called ''badrra''.
* Women wear a ''Jelek'' (vest), which had different forms, as well as a ''hyrk'', a reddish cloth. On solemn occassions (particularly for brides), women wore a ''dollam'', a ''rizja'', ''paftja'' and a jelek. Wives in Kičevo traditionally kept long hair that was woven into tails that fall to the shoulders and then proceeded to divide into more tails that spread across the back and gather at the waist, where they would be tied to a single ''mexhdi sërme'' (a silver coin with precious stones). Below that are more precious stones, and finally the hair is released into a ''tufkë''.
* Women wear a ''shami'' (headscarf), which exists in several forms. Depending on the occasion, a ''shami'' can be red or white, but white scarves are preferred.


===Monuments=== ===Monuments===

Revision as of 14:18, 6 June 2022

41°31′04″N 20°57′56″E / 41.51778°N 20.96556°E / 41.51778; 20.96556

Town in Southwestern, North Macedonia
Kičevo Кичево (Macedonian)
Kërçovë (Albanian)
Town
KičevoKičevo
Kičevo is located in North MacedoniaKičevoKičevoLocation within North Macedonia
Coordinates: 41°31′04″N 20°57′56″E / 41.51778°N 20.96556°E / 41.51778; 20.96556
Country North Macedonia
Region Southwestern
Municipality Kičevo
Government
 • MayorFatmir Dehari (DUI)
Area
 • Total814.3 km (314.4 sq mi)
Population
 • Total27,076
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code6250
Area code+389
Car platesKI
ClimateCfb

Kičevo (Template:Lang-mk [ˈkitʃɛvɔ] ; Template:Lang-al) is a city in the western part of North Macedonia, located in a valley in the south-eastern slopes of Mount Bistra, between the cities of Ohrid and Gostivar. The capital Skopje is 112 km away. The city of Kičevo is the seat of Kičevo Municipality.

Name

The name of the city in Macedonian and other South Slavic languages is Kičevo (Кичево). The name of the city in Albanian is Kërçovë. It was originally known as Uskana among its Illyrian inhabitants. The city was later renamed by Slavs who migrated to the region in the 7th century AD. It is presumed that the present name of the town originates from the name of this settlement populated by the Slavic Brsjaci tribe. In Turkish, the city is known as Kırçova. Kicevo was first mentioned as Uskana (Ωξάνα in Ancient Greek) in the reign of Perseus, king of Macedon during the Third Macedonian War (171-169 BC). The next written record of the town did not come until 1018, under the name of Kitsabis or Kitsavis (sometimes slavicised as Kicavis), noted in one of the documents of the Byzantine emperor Basil II. Under the rule of Prince Marko it was known as Katin Grad, because Marko's sister was named Katina.

Panorama of Kičevo

History

Kičevo in the 1930s

Medieval

Kičevo was noted in one of the documents of the Byzantine emperor Basil II in 1018, and also mentioned by the Ohrid archbishop Theophilact in the 11th century.

Partisan fighters entering Kichevo on September 9, 1943.

Ottoman

When the region was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, Kičevo was turned into the military and administrative center of the region. Notable monument of that period is a clock tower built in the foothills of the nearby hill called Kichevsko Kale.


In the late 19th and early 20th century, Kičevo was part of the Manastir Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.

The activities of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in the region of Kičevo were initiated by the priest Josif from the monastery of Bogorodica Prečista near the city, supported by many teachers from the neighbouring villages. On August 2, 1903, the Christian citizens of Kičevo participated in the Ilinden Uprising, led by Arso Vojvoda and Yordan Piperkata.

Modern

In 1913 Kičevo and the whole region were incorporated in the Kingdom of Serbia. The city was occupied by the Kingdom of Bulgaria during the First world war. It became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918. From 1929 to 1941, Kičevo was part of the Vardar Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.

During World War II, Kičevo was occupied by forces from Fascist Italy and ceded to Albania. On September 9, 1943 after the Armistice of Cassibile, Macedonian and Albanian partisan units disarmed the Italian garrison and took temporary control of the city. Thus, Kičevo became the first city seized by the communist Partisans during the World War II in Macedonia. However, soon after the capitulation of Italy, Nazi Germany occupied that area. The Germans put Balli Kombëtar in charge of Albania under German rule. The city was finally seized by the Communists on November 15, 1944 after German retreat.

In 1945 the area was ceded to Communist Yugoslavia. In 1991 the city became part of the newly proclaimed Republic of Macedonia.


Population

The municipality of Kičevo has 56,734 inhabitants, and the city 27,076. The largest ethnic group in the city of Kičevo is the Macedonians who constitute for 15,031 people (55.5%), followed by the Albanians with 7,641 people (28.2%), the Turks with about 2,406 (8.9%) and Roma with 4.9%.

Orthodox Christians made up 15,139 (55.9%) of the city's population according to the 2002 census, while Muslims were the second-largest religious group in the city, numbering 11,759 (43.4%).

The most common native languages are Macedonian (62.5%), Albanian (28.2%), Turkish (8.0%) and Romani 0.4%.

City of Kičevo population according to ethnic group 1948-2002
Ethnic
group 		census 1948 census 1953 census 1961 census 1971 census 1981 census 1994 census 2002
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Macedonians .. .. 3,747 39.2 6,809 66.0 9,900 64.3 13,236 58.9 15,255 60.7 15,031 55.5
Albanians .. .. 232 2.4 681 6.6 2,284 14.9 4,516 20.1 5,902 23.5 7,641 28.2
Turks .. .. 4,749 49.7 2,079 20.2 2,041 13.3 2,175 9.7 2,175 8.7 2,406 8.9
Romani .. .. 54 0.6 0 0.0 17 0.1 304 1.3 1,235 4.9 1,329 4.9
Serbs .. .. 484 5.1 394 3.8 305 2.0 203 0.9 96 0.4 82 0.3
Vlachs .. .. 4 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 0.0 15 0.1 75 0.3
Bosniaks .. .. 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 0.0
Others .. .. 297 3.1 394 3.5 846 5.5 2,040 9.1 451 1.8 496 1.8
Total 7,280 9,567 10,324 15,393 22,479 25,129 27,076

Culture

Monuments

Monastery of St. Bogorodica Prečista near Kičevo.

Monastery of St. Bogorodica Prečista (Monastery of Immaculate Mother of God) is a significant monastery near Kičevo. Dedicated to the Virgin Mary, Mother of God, the feast day of this monastery is "Mala Bogorodica", (Birthday of the Virgin Mary on the 21st of September). The monastery, dedicated to the Annunciation and lodgings for devout female monks, represents a medieval monastery that was known under the name Krninski monastery in the past.

This monastery is actually an important site for the study of common cult of Christians and Muslims because it is visited by believers from both religions. The reason of this common cult is due to the miraculous powers of the water source inside the monastery.

Another important monument is the monastery of St. George located in the vicinity of Kičevo.

There are also many important mosques from the Ottoman Empire's times of rule and from the Islamic population.

Sports

Local football club FK Napredok has spent several seasons in the Macedonian First Football League and KF Vëllazërimi 77 plays in the Macedonian Second League (West Division).

Notable people

Notes

Cite error: A list-defined reference named "defter names" is not used in the content (see the help page).

References

  1. "Ancient Toponymies renamed by Slavs". history-of-macedonia.com. Archived from the original on 8 October 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  2. Atanasovski, Goran. "Kicevo - history & culture". travel2macedonia.com.mk. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  3. Dalibor Brozović, Hrvatska enciklopedija, 1999, s.v. "Kičevo".
  4. Pearson, Owen (2006). Albania in Occupation and War: From Fascism to Communism 1940-1945. I.B.Tauris. p. 271. ISBN 1-84511-104-4.
  5. Macedonian census, language and religion Archived 2014-03-27 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Censuses of population 1948 - 2002 Archived 2013-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Dionigi Albera - Maria Couroucli (2013). I luoghi sacri comuni ai monoteismi, tra Cristianesimo, Ebraismo e Islam. Brescia: Morcelliana. pp. 15–34. ISBN 978-88-372-2657-2.
  8. Cite error: The named reference Rexha 178 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

External links

Villages in Kičevo Municipality
Seat:
Village(s):
Cities of North Macedonia by population
50,000+
Coat of arms of North Macedonia
Coat of arms of North Macedonia
10,000+
2,000+
Categories: