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{{use mdy dates|date=June 2020}} {{use mdy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox organization {{Infobox organization
| name = Judicial Crisis Network | name = Judicial Crisis Network
⚫ | formation ={{start date|2005}}
| successor = The 85 Fund; Concord Fund
| type = ]
⚫ | formation = {{start date|2020}}
| type = ] | location = ]
| location = ] | coords =
⚫ | leader_name = ]
| coords = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} -->
⚫ | website = {{official URL}}
⚫ | leader_name = Carrie Severino
⚫ | formerly = Judicial Confirmation Network
| board_of_directors = Gary Marx, Daniel Casey
| expenses = $37,177,415 (with JEP)
| expenses_year = 2016
⚫ | website = {{official URL}}
⚫ | formerly = Judicial Confirmation Network
}} }}


The '''Judicial Crisis Network (JCN)''' (formally known as the '''Concord Fund''' and, before that, as '''the''' '''Judicial Confirmation Network''') is an American conservative advocacy organization. Its president is ], a former ] for Supreme Court justice ].<ref name=politico>{{cite news|last1=Haberman|first1=Maggie|title=Conservative judicial group to hammer Chris Christie|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/conservative-judicial-group-to-hammer-chris-christie-108907.html |publisher=Politico |date=July 15, 2014 |access-date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> In 2020, ] described JCN as having "unmatched influence in recent years in shaping the federal judiciary."<ref name=open>{{cite news |last1=Massoglia |first1=Anna |last2=Levine |first2=Sam |title=Conservative 'dark money' network rebranded to push voting restrictions before 2020 election |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2020/05/conservative-dark-money-network-voting-restrict/ | publisher=] |date=27 May 2020 }}</ref>
The '''Judicial Crisis Network (JCN)''', formerly known as '''Judicial Confirmation Network''' (since December 2019 legally known as the '''Concord Fund''') is a Washington, D.C.-based tax-exempt charity that serves as the hub of a well-funded ] "]" network.<ref>{{Cite web|last=NW|first=The Center for Responsive Politics 1300 L. St|last2=Washington|first2=Suite 200|last3=info|first3=DC 20005 telelphone857-0044|date=2020-05-27|title=Conservative 'dark money' network rebranded to push voting restrictions before 2020 election|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2020/05/conservative-dark-money-network-voting-restrict/|access-date=2020-10-24|website=OpenSecrets News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Treene|first=Jonathan Swan,Alayna|title=Leonard Leo to shape new conservative network, step aside from the Federalist Society|url=https://www.axios.com/leonard-leo-crc-advisors-federalist-society-50d4d844-19a3-4eab-af2b-7b74f1617d1c.html|access-date=2020-10-24|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref> It was founded in 2005 by the right-wing activist and fundraiser Ann Corkery and is closely associated with ].<ref>{{Cite web|last=NW|first=The Center for Responsive Politics 1300 L. St|last2=Washington|first2=Suite 200|last3=info|first3=DC 20005 telelphone857-0044|date=2015-03-23|title=The JCN Story: Building a Secretive GOP Judicial Machine|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/03/the-jcn-story-building-a-secretive-gop-judicial-machine/|access-date=2020-10-26|website=OpenSecrets News|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=O'Harrow Jr.|first=Robert|last2=Boburg Shawn|date=May 21, 2019|title=A Conservative Activist's Behind-The-Scenes Campaign to Remake the Nation's Courts|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/investigations/leonard-leo-federalists-society-courts/|url-status=live|access-date=}}</ref> The current President is Carrie Severino, a former ] for Supreme Court justice ].<ref name=politico>{{cite news|last1=Haberman|first1=Maggie|title=Conservative judicial group to hammer Chris Christie|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/conservative-judicial-group-to-hammer-chris-christie-108907.html |publisher=Politico |date=July 15, 2014 |accessdate=February 14, 2017}}</ref> The organization describes itself as "dedicated to strengthening liberty and justice in America"<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Judicial Crisis Network|url=http://www.judicialnetwork.com/about-jcn/|publisher=Judicial Crisis Network|accessdate=March 10, 2015}}</ref> and supports conservative appointments to American judicial posts. The ], now called The 85 Fund, is closely aligned with the JCN.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last1=Levine|first1=Sam|last2=Massoglia|first2=Anna|date=May 27, 2020|title=Revealed: conservative group fighting to restrict voting tied to powerful dark money network|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/27/honest-elections-project-conservative-voting-restrictions|accessdate=June 15, 2020|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=NW|first=The Center for Responsive Politics 1300 L. St|last2=Washington|first2=Suite 200|last3=info|first3=DC 20005 telelphone857-0044|date=2020-05-27|title=Conservative 'dark money' network rebranded to push voting restrictions before 2020 election|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2020/05/conservative-dark-money-network-voting-restrict/|access-date=2020-10-24|website=OpenSecrets News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Treene|first=Jonathan Swan,Alayna|title=Leonard Leo to shape new conservative network, step aside from the Federalist Society|url=https://www.axios.com/leonard-leo-crc-advisors-federalist-society-50d4d844-19a3-4eab-af2b-7b74f1617d1c.html|access-date=2020-10-24|website=Axios|language=en}}</ref>


==Background== ==Background==
The organization was founded in 2005 to promote the judicial appointees of then president ].<ref name=bttbtscs>{{cite news |last1=Michaelson |first1=Jay |date=March 29, 2016 |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/29/billionaires-try-to-buy-the-supreme-court.html |title=Billionaires Try to Buy the Supreme Court |work=] |accessdate=March 29, 2016 }}</ref> Fundraiser and lawyer Ann Corkery, along with California real estate magnate Robin Arkley II, were key to the beginning of the organization.<ref name=tjcns>{{cite web | last1=Novak |first1=Viveca |last2=Stone |first2=Peter |date=March 23, 2015 |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/03/the-jcn-story-building-a-secretive-gop-judicial-machine/ |title=The JCN Story: Building a Secretive GOP Judicial Machine |work=] |publisher=] | accessdate=March 29, 2016}}</ref> The JCN is closely affiliated with ].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Michaelson|first=Jay|date=2018-07-09|title=The Secretive Puppetmaster Behind Trump’s Supreme Court Pick|language=en|work=The Daily Beast|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-secrets-of-leonard-leo-the-man-behind-trumps-supreme-court-pick|access-date=2020-10-24}}</ref> The organization was founded in 2005 to promote the judicial appointees of then president ].<ref name=bttbtscs>{{cite news |last1=Michaelson |first1=Jay |date=March 29, 2016 |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/03/29/billionaires-try-to-buy-the-supreme-court.html |title=Billionaires Try to Buy the Supreme Court |work=] |access-date=March 29, 2016 }}</ref> Fundraiser and lawyer Ann Corkery, along with California real estate magnate Robin Arkley II, were key to the beginning of the organization.<ref name=tjcns>{{cite web | last1=Novak |first1=Viveca |last2=Stone |first2=Peter |date=March 23, 2015 |url=http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/03/the-jcn-story-building-a-secretive-gop-judicial-machine/ |title=The JCN Story: Building a Secretive GOP Judicial Machine |work=] |publisher=] | access-date=March 29, 2016}}</ref>


The current leader is Carrie Severino.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bauman|first1=Michelle|title=Legal Scholar Deplores Media Confusion Over HHS Mandate|url=http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/legal-scholar-deplores-media-confusion-over-hhs-mandate|accessdate=March 10, 2015|newspaper=National Catholic Register|date=February 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Greenhouse|first1=Linda|title=By Any Means Necessary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/21/opinion/linda-greenhouse-by-any-means-necessary.html|accessdate=March 10, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 20, 2014}}</ref> She was previously a ] to ] Justice ] and to Judge ] of the ].<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Carrie Severino|url=http://www.judicialnetwork.com/about-jcn/carrie-severino/|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=March 10, 2015|website=|publisher=Judicial Crisis Network}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Williamson|first=Elizabeth|date=2020-10-15|title=With Barrett Nomination, a D.C. Conservative Power Couple Nears Its Dream|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/15/us/politics/severinos-amy-coney-barrett.html|access-date=2020-10-24|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> She is a contributor to '']''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carrie Severino|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/author/carrie-severino|publisher=National Review|accessdate=March 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mears|first1=Bill|title=Analysis: Justice Thomas comments spark fresh debate on race|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/12/politics/clarence-thomas-racism/|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=CNN|date=February 12, 2014}}</ref> She is married to ]. The current leader is Carrie Severino.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bauman|first1=Michelle|title=Legal Scholar Deplores Media Confusion Over HHS Mandate|url=http://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/legal-scholar-deplores-media-confusion-over-hhs-mandate|access-date=March 10, 2015|newspaper=National Catholic Register|date=February 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Greenhouse|first1=Linda|title=By Any Means Necessary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/21/opinion/linda-greenhouse-by-any-means-necessary.html|access-date=March 10, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 20, 2014}}</ref> She was previously a ] to ] Justice ] and to Judge ] of the ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Carrie Severino|url=http://www.judicialnetwork.com/about-jcn/carrie-severino/|publisher=Judicial Crisis Network|access-date=March 10, 2015}}</ref> She is a contributor to '']''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Carrie Severino|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/author/carrie-severino|publisher=National Review|access-date=March 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mears|first1=Bill|title=Analysis: Justice Thomas comments spark fresh debate on race|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/12/politics/clarence-thomas-racism/|access-date=March 10, 2015|publisher=CNN|date=February 12, 2014}}</ref> She is married to ].


Severino received her ] degree from ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Totenberg|first1=Nina|title=At Harvard, Kagan Won More Fans Than Foes|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126826571|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=NPR|date=May 18, 2010}}</ref> Severino has been involved with constitutional challenges to the ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Meinecke|first1=Elisabeth|title=ObamaCare at the Supreme Court: What to Expect|url=http://townhall.com/tipsheet/elisabethmeinecke/2012/02/07/obamacare_at_the_supreme_court_what_to_expect|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=Townhall|date=February 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=de Vogue|first1=Ariane|title=Little-Known Legal Challenge That Could Torpedo Obamacare|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2014/04/little-known-legal-challenge-that-could-torpedo-obamacare/|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=ABC News|date=April 14, 2014}}</ref> Severino received her ] degree from ], where she was a student while ] was dean.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Totenberg|first1=Nina|title=At Harvard, Kagan Won More Fans Than Foes|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=126826571|access-date=March 10, 2015|publisher=NPR|date=May 18, 2010}}</ref> Severino has been involved with constitutional challenges to the ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Meinecke|first1=Elisabeth|title=ObamaCare at the Supreme Court: What to Expect|url=http://townhall.com/tipsheet/elisabethmeinecke/2012/02/07/obamacare_at_the_supreme_court_what_to_expect|access-date=March 10, 2015|publisher=Townhall|date=February 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=de Vogue|first1=Ariane|title=Little-Known Legal Challenge That Could Torpedo Obamacare|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2014/04/little-known-legal-challenge-that-could-torpedo-obamacare/|access-date=March 10, 2015|publisher=ABC News|date=April 14, 2014}}</ref>


==Funding== ==Funding==
The leading funder of JCN is the Wellspring Committee, which is directed by Ann Corkery.<ref name=bttbtscs/> Wellspring, which does not disclose who funds it, gave close to $7 million to JCN in 2014;<ref name="trwga2">{{cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/03/right-wing-groups-gearing-up-onslaught-merrick-garland-supreme-court|title=These Right-Wing Groups Are Gearing Up for an Onslaught on Obama's Supreme Court Nominee|last1=Mencimer|first1=Stephanie|date=March 19, 2016|work=]|accessdate=March 29, 2016|publisher=Foundation for National Progress}}</ref> between 2012 and 2015, it reported giving JCN more than $15 million.<ref name="dark">{{Cite web|url=https://maplight.org/story/dark-money-group-received-massive-donation-in-fight-against-obamas-supreme-court-nominee/|title=Dark Money Group Received Massive Donation In Fight Against Obama's Supreme Court Nominee|last1=Sessa-Hawkins|first1=Margaret|last2=Perez|first2=Andrew|date=October 24, 2017|website=maplight.org|language=en-US|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref> In total, the Wellspring Committee's IRS filings show that it donated more than $52,000,000 to the JCN between 2011 and 2016.<ref>https://pdf.guidestar.org/PDF_Images/2013/262/046/2013-262046485-0af4ca42-9O.pdf</ref><ref>https://pdf.guidestar.org/PDF_Images/2014/262/046/2014-262046485-0bfe7bdc-9O.pdf</ref><ref>https://pdf.guidestar.org/PDF_Images/2012/262/046/2012-262046485-09d23827-9O.pdf</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=NW|first=The Center for Responsive Politics 1300 L. St|last2=Washington|first2=Suite 200|last3=info|first3=DC 20005 telelphone857-0044|date=2017-11-21|title=Web of secret money hides one mega-donor funding conservative court|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2017/11/web-of-secret-money-hides-one-mega-donor-funding-conservative-court/|access-date=2020-10-24|website=OpenSecrets News|language=en}}</ref> JCN's tax return for the period July 2015 to June 2016 shows that one $17.9 million donation, whose source was not reported, accounted for 96.6 percent of the organization's revenue.<ref name="dark" /> The leading funder of JCN is the Wellspring Committee, which is directed by Ann Corkery.<ref name=bttbtscs/> Wellspring, which does not disclose who funds it, gave close to $7 million to JCN in 2014;<ref name="trwga2">{{cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/03/right-wing-groups-gearing-up-onslaught-merrick-garland-supreme-court|title=These Right-Wing Groups Are Gearing Up for an Onslaught on Obama's Supreme Court Nominee|last1=Mencimer|first1=Stephanie|date=March 19, 2016|work=]|access-date=March 29, 2016|publisher=Foundation for National Progress}}</ref> between 2012 and 2015, it reported giving JCN more than $15 million.<ref name="dark">{{cite web|url=https://maplight.org/story/dark-money-group-received-massive-donation-in-fight-against-obamas-supreme-court-nominee/|title=Dark Money Group Received Massive Donation In Fight Against Obama's Supreme Court Nominee|last1=Sessa-Hawkins|first1=Margaret|last2=Perez|first2=Andrew|date=October 24, 2017|website=maplight.org|language=en-US|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref> JCN's tax return for the period July 2015 to June 2016 shows that one $17.9 million donation, whose source was not reported, accounted for 96.6 percent of the organization's revenue.<ref name="dark" />


==Advocacy activities== ==Advocacy activities==
⚫ In 2013, JCN ran ads in Alaska that were critical of U.S. senator ]'s votes to approve all of president ]'s federal judicial nominees.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cole|first1=Dermot|title=Begich attack ads a sign of things to come in heated Senate race|url=http://www.adn.com/article/20131221/begich-attack-ads-sign-things-come-heated-senate-race|access-date=March 10, 2015|work=] |edition=online |date=December 21, 2013}}</ref> The group also ran advertisements that were critical of ] and ]'s votes for president Obama's court picks.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sullivan|first1=Sean|title=Conservative group hits Landrieu with ad on judicial nominations|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/12/02/conservative-group-hits-landrieu-with-ad-on-judicial-nominations/|access-date=March 10, 2015 |work=] |edition=online |date=December 2, 2013}}</ref> In 2014, the group ran digital advertisements critical of ]'s judicial appointments.<ref name=politico/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Camia|first1=Catalina|title=Conservatives blast Chris Christie ahead of Iowa trip|url=http://onpolitics.usatoday.com/2014/07/15/chris-christie-iowa-conservatives-judges/|access-date=March 10, 2015|publisher=] |edition=online |date=July 15, 2014}}</ref> JCN has been active in Michigan and North Carolina supreme court elections.<ref>{{cite web |title=Judicial Crisis Network |url=http://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/09/22/15685/judicial-crisis-network |publisher=] |access-date=March 10, 2015}}</ref>


⚫ In 2015, the Judicial Crisis Network donated $600,000 to Nebraskans for the Death Penalty, a group promoting reinstatement of ] in Nebraska.<ref>{{cite web |agency=] |first=Grant |last=Schulte |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/a6fa81941bae494b8f7f773d63b68ead/nebraska-pro-death-penalty-group-submitting-signatures |title=Nebraska group touts support to stop death penalty repeal |work=The Big Story |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828063339/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/a6fa81941bae494b8f7f773d63b68ead/nebraska-pro-death-penalty-group-submitting-signatures |archive-date=August 28, 2015 |quote=The largest donation in July came from the conservative, Washington-based Judicial Crisis Network, which gave $200,000. Nebraskans for the Death Penalty relied on a combination of paid and volunteer petition circulators, and was aided by an Arizona-based strategist who specializes in ballot campaigns.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nadc.nebraska.gov/ccdb/search.cgi?page=formb1b&IDNO=15BQC00419&OFFREC=01/17/2017&REPORT_ID=41058|title=Nebraska Accountability and Disclosure Commission|website=www.nadc.nebraska.gov|access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref>
=== Political Campaigns ===
⚫ In 2013, JCN ran ads in Alaska that were critical of U.S. senator ]'s votes to approve all of president ]'s federal judicial nominees.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Cole|first1=Dermot|title=Begich attack ads a sign of things to come in heated Senate race|url=http://www.adn.com/article/20131221/begich-attack-ads-sign-things-come-heated-senate-race|accessdate=March 10, 2015|work=] |edition=online |date=December 21, 2013}}</ref> The group also ran advertisements that were critical of ] and ]'s votes for president Obama's court picks.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sullivan|first1=Sean|title=Conservative group hits Landrieu with ad on judicial nominations|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2013/12/02/conservative-group-hits-landrieu-with-ad-on-judicial-nominations/|accessdate=March 10, 2015 |work=] |edition=online |date=December 2, 2013}}</ref>


In 2016, it donated $2,765,000 to the ], $1,425,000 to the ], $950,000 to the ], and $500,000 to the ]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Politics)|first=Robert Maguire (Center for Responsive|title=Judicial Crisis Network 990 2016 2017|url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4463990-Judicial-Crisis-Network-990-2016-2017.html|access-date=2020-10-24|website=www.documentcloud.org|language=en}}</ref> In 2016, the JCN ran a negative advertisement about ], a federal appeals judge from Iowa who was on a White House list of possible nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Overby |first1=Peter |title=Conservatives Lobby Around Supreme Court Nomination |url=https://www.npr.org/2016/03/17/470776627/conservatives-lobby-around-supreme-court-nomination|access-date=March 24, 2016 |publisher=] |date=March 17, 2016}}</ref>


⚫ Also in 2016, the JCN bought advertisements across the country to oppose president Obama's supreme court nominee, chief judge of the ] ].<ref name=bttbtscs/> In November 2016, after ] was elected president of the United States, JCN ran television advertisements praising senate judiciary chairman ] for holding the line against Garland.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Everett|first1=Burgess|title=Judicial Crisis Network already running ads ahead of Trump SCOTUS pick|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/donald-trump-supreme-court-air-wars-231583|access-date=November 29, 2016|publisher=]|date=November 18, 2016}}</ref> The group also spent over $500,000 on advertisements thanking Trump for his campaign promises regarding the types of justices he would select for the nation's high court. JCN's advertisements asked viewers to thank Trump for pledging to nominate conservative jurists in the mold of ] to the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lovelace|first1=Ryan|title=Group launches $500K ad campaign praising Trump's SCOTUS pledge|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/group-launches-500k-ad-campaign-praising-trumps-scotus-pledge/article/2608264|access-date=November 29, 2016|work=]|edition=online|date=November 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=DeBonis|first1=Mike|title=The fight to confirm Donald Trump's Supreme Court nominee starts now|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/11/25/the-fight-to-confirm-donald-trumps-supreme-court-nominee-starts-now/|access-date=November 29, 2016|work=]|edition=online|date=November 25, 2016}}</ref>
=== Gun Rights ===
In 2016, its IRS disclosures show that the JCN donated $1,000,000 to the ].<ref name=":0" />


⚫ On January 31, 2017, the Judicial Crisis Network committed to spending $10 million on advocacy ads in favor of president ]'s first ] nominee, ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weber|first1=Joseph|title=Conservative group launches $10M campaign to support Trump's Supreme Court pick|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/31/conservative-group-launches-10m-campaign-to-support-trumps-supreme-court-pick.html|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=]|date=January 31, 2017}}</ref>
=== Abortion ===
In 2016, its IRS disclosures show that the JCN donated $330,000 to the ].<ref name=":0" />


⚫ The Judicial Crisis Network spent $4.5 million in ad buys supportive of the confirmation of ] to the U.S. Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/398344-judicial-group-launches-third-ad-buy-to-push-kavanaugh-confirmation|title=Judicial group launches third ad buy to push Kavanaugh confirmation|last=Balluck|first=Kyle|date=July 23, 2018|work=TheHill|access-date=August 2, 2018|language=en}}</ref> In 2019, the watchdog group ] accused JCN of sending illegal ]s to Indiana residents about the Supreme Court nomination of Kavanaugh.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/464887-watchdog-accuses-pro-kavanaugh-group-of-illegal-robotexts-in-fcc|title=Watchdog accuses pro-Kavanaugh group of sending illegal robotexts in 2018|first=John|last=Bowden|date=October 8, 2019|website=TheHill}}</ref>
=== Death Penalty ===
⚫ In 2015, the Judicial Crisis Network donated $600,000 to Nebraskans for the Death Penalty, a group promoting reinstatement of ] in Nebraska.<ref>{{cite web |agency=] |first=Grant |last=Schulte |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/a6fa81941bae494b8f7f773d63b68ead/nebraska-pro-death-penalty-group-submitting-signatures |title=Nebraska group touts support to stop death penalty repeal |work=The Big Story |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828063339/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/a6fa81941bae494b8f7f773d63b68ead/nebraska-pro-death-penalty-group-submitting-signatures |archivedate=August 28, 2015 |quote=The largest donation in July came from the conservative, Washington-based Judicial Crisis Network, which gave $200,000. Nebraskans for the Death Penalty relied on a combination of paid and volunteer petition circulators, and was aided by an Arizona-based strategist who specializes in ballot campaigns.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nadc.nebraska.gov/ccdb/search.cgi?page=formb1b&IDNO=15BQC00419&OFFREC=01/17/2017&REPORT_ID=41058|title=Nebraska Accountability and Disclosure Commission|website=www.nadc.nebraska.gov|access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref>


⚫ In September 2020, after the death of Supreme Court Justice ], JCN launched a $2.2 million campaign to support President Trump's right to appoint a judge prior to the November 2020 presidential election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Judicial Crisis Network will spend $2.2 million to boost Trump's court pick|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/judicial-crisis-network-will-spend-2-2-million-to-boost-trump-s-court-pick/ar-BB19gWzA|access-date=2020-09-23|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Mineiro|first=Megan|date=2020-09-22|title=Democrats Condemn Big-Money Campaigns Backing Judicial Nominations|url=https://www.courthousenews.com/democrats-condemn-big-money-campaigns-backing-judicial-nominations/|access-date=2020-09-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-09-21|title=Judicial Crisis Network launches $2.2M ad buy backing Trump Supreme Court pick|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/judicial-crisis-network-launches-2-2m-ad-buy-backing-trump-supreme-court-pick|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Washington Examiner|language=en}}</ref>
=== Religious Groups ===
In 2016, it donated $100,000 to Catholic Vote Civic Action.<ref name=":0" />


The ] is closely aligned with the JCN.<ref name=open/>
=== Judicial Appointments and Election of Judges ===
==== Supreme Court Nominations ====
A key premise underlying the JCN's Supreme Court campaigns was articulated by ] in his remarks to the ]: “We’re going to have to understand that judicial confirmations these days are more like political campaigns."<ref name=":2" />

===== Campaign against Merrick Garland =====
⚫ Also in 2016, the JCN bought advertisements across the country to oppose president Obama's supreme court nominee, chief judge of the ] ].<ref name=bttbtscs/> In November 2016, after ] was elected president of the United States, JCN ran television advertisements praising senate judiciary chairman ] for holding the line against Garland.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Everett|first1=Burgess|title=Judicial Crisis Network already running ads ahead of Trump SCOTUS pick|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/donald-trump-supreme-court-air-wars-231583|accessdate=November 29, 2016|publisher=]|date=November 18, 2016}}</ref> The group also spent over $500,000 on advertisements thanking Trump for his campaign promises regarding the types of justices he would select for the nation's high court. JCN's advertisements asked viewers to thank Trump for pledging to nominate conservative jurists in the mold of ] to the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Lovelace|first1=Ryan|title=Group launches $500K ad campaign praising Trump's SCOTUS pledge|url=http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/group-launches-500k-ad-campaign-praising-trumps-scotus-pledge/article/2608264|accessdate=November 29, 2016|work=]|edition=online|date=November 28, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=DeBonis|first1=Mike|title=The fight to confirm Donald Trump's Supreme Court nominee starts now|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/11/25/the-fight-to-confirm-donald-trumps-supreme-court-nominee-starts-now/|accessdate=November 29, 2016|work=]|edition=online|date=November 25, 2016}}</ref>

===== Campaign for Neil Gorsuch =====
⚫ On January 31, 2017, the Judicial Crisis Network committed to spending $10 million on advocacy ads in favor of president ]'s first ] nominee, ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Weber|first1=Joseph|title=Conservative group launches $10M campaign to support Trump's Supreme Court pick|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/01/31/conservative-group-launches-10m-campaign-to-support-trumps-supreme-court-pick.html|accessdate=February 14, 2017|work=]|date=January 31, 2017}}</ref> The JCN lobbying blitz focused in particular on Indiana, Missouri, Montana, and North Dakota, all of which were battleground states in the 2018 Senate Elections.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Everett|first=Burgess|title=Conservatives plan $10 million high court ad campaign|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/supreme-court-trump-schumer-conservatives-233315|access-date=2020-10-26|website=POLITICO|language=en}}</ref>

===== Campaign for Brett Kavanaugh =====
⚫ The Judicial Crisis Network spent $4.5 million in ad buys supportive of the confirmation of ] to the U.S. Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/398344-judicial-group-launches-third-ad-buy-to-push-kavanaugh-confirmation|title=Judicial group launches third ad buy to push Kavanaugh confirmation|last=Balluck|first=Kyle|date=July 23, 2018|work=TheHill|access-date=August 2, 2018|language=en}}</ref> In 2019, the watchdog group ] accused JCN of sending illegal ]s to Indiana residents about the Supreme Court nomination of ].<ref>https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/464887-watchdog-accuses-pro-kavanaugh-group-of-illegal-robotexts-in-fcc</ref>

===== Campaign to fill seat before 2020 Election and for Amy Coney Barrett =====
⚫ In September 2020, after the death of Supreme Court Justice ], JCN launched a $2.2 million campaign to support President Trump's right to appoint a judge prior to the November 2020 presidential election, a move with no historical precedent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Judicial Crisis Network will spend $2.2 million to boost Trump's court pick|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/judicial-crisis-network-will-spend-2-2-million-to-boost-trump-s-court-pick/ar-BB19gWzA|access-date=2020-09-23|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mineiro|first=Megan|date=2020-09-22|title=Democrats Condemn Big-Money Campaigns Backing Judicial Nominations|url=https://www.courthousenews.com/democrats-condemn-big-money-campaigns-backing-judicial-nominations/|access-date=2020-09-23|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-21|title=Judicial Crisis Network launches $2.2M ad buy backing Trump Supreme Court pick|url=https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/judicial-crisis-network-launches-2-2m-ad-buy-backing-trump-supreme-court-pick|access-date=2020-09-23|website=Washington Examiner|language=en}}</ref>

The Judicial Crisis has spent at least $6.3 on national television advertisements supporting the Republican effort to confirm President Donald Trump’s nominee a week before the election. As of October 26, the group spent an additional $2.9 million on digital ads, direct mail and text messages supporting Barrett.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Biesecker|first=Michael|last2=Slodysko|first2=Brian|last3=Press|first3=Associated|date=2020-10-26|title=Barrett ads tied to interest groups funded by unnamed donors|url=https://www.newmilfordspectrum.com/news/article/Barrett-ads-tied-to-interest-groups-funded-by-15675667.php|access-date=2020-10-26|website=New Milford Spectrum|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-26|title=Barrett ads tied to interest groups funded by unnamed donors|url=https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-amy-coney-barrett-elections-us-supreme-court-courts-800810431929326355c9ef0a78bfee40|access-date=2020-10-26|website=AP NEWS}}</ref>

==== State Supreme Court Elections ====
In 2012, JCN spent between $600,000 and $1 million on an ad alleging that law professor ], a candidate for the ], “volunteered to free a terrorist."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Conservative Group Behind Kavanaugh Confirmation Has Spent Years Reshaping State and Federal Benches {{!}} Brennan Center for Justice|url=https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/conservative-group-behind-kavanaugh-confirmation-has-spent-years|access-date=2020-10-25|website=www.brennancenter.org|language=en}}</ref>

In 2013 and 14, the Judicial Crisis Network bankrolled organizations that ran campaigns for candidates in the ] and the ]. More than $500,000 of this money was used to support ]’s successful reelection campaign in Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Conservative Group Behind Kavanaugh Confirmation Has Spent Years Reshaping State and Federal Benches {{!}} Brennan Center for Justice|url=https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/conservative-group-behind-kavanaugh-confirmation-has-spent-years|access-date=2020-10-25|website=www.brennancenter.org|language=en}}</ref>

In 2015-16, the Judicial Crisis Network contributed nearly $2 million to conservative groups involved in state supreme court elections for seats on the ], the ], the ], the ], and the ]. The Judicial Crisis Network also spent more $500,000 to block Justice ]’s bid for Chief Justice of the ], which they accomplished.<ref name=":1" />

==== Other Judicial Campaigns ====
In 2014, the group ran digital advertisements critical of ]'s judicial appointments.<ref name="politico" /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Camia|first1=Catalina|date=July 15, 2014|title=Conservatives blast Chris Christie ahead of Iowa trip|edition=online|publisher=]|url=http://onpolitics.usatoday.com/2014/07/15/chris-christie-iowa-conservatives-judges/|accessdate=March 10, 2015}}</ref> JCN has been active in North Carolina supreme court elections.<ref>{{cite web|title=Judicial Crisis Network|url=http://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/09/22/15685/judicial-crisis-network|accessdate=March 10, 2015|publisher=]}}</ref>

In 2016, the JCN ran a negative advertisement about ], a federal appeals judge from Iowa who was on a White House list of possible nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Overby|first1=Peter|date=March 17, 2016|title=Conservatives Lobby Around Supreme Court Nomination|publisher=]|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/03/17/470776627/conservatives-lobby-around-supreme-court-nomination|accessdate=March 24, 2016}}</ref>
=== Relationships with the Republican Party ===

==== Republican Attorneys General Association ====
Between 2013 and 2016, it donated $2,100,000 to the Republican Attorneys General Association. In 2017, it donated $2,900,000 million to the RAGA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Republican Attorneys General Assn: Donor Search {{!}} OpenSecrets|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/527s/527cmtedetail_donors.php?url=527cmtedetail_donors.php?cycle=2018&ein=464501717&cname=judicial+crisis+network&ein=464501717&cycle=2018|access-date=2020-10-26|website=www.opensecrets.org}}</ref> In 2018, it donated $5,900,000 to the RAGA, making it far and away the largest donor to the RAGA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Republican Attorneys General Assn: Top Contributors, 2018 Cycle {{!}} OpenSecrets|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/527s/527cmtedetail_contribs.php?ein=464501717&cycle=2018|access-date=2020-10-26|website=www.opensecrets.org}}</ref>

==== Other Elements of the Republican Party ====
In 2016, it donated $200,000 to the ].

Between 2012 and 2016, it donated $665,000 to the ].<ref name=":0" />

== Activities Related to Voter Suppression/Voter Fraud ==
The Honest Election Project, a legal alias for the Judicial Education Project, has filed court briefs "in favor of voting restrictions" in ], ], ], ] and ], among other places.<ref name=":3" /> The Honest Election Project has expressed the view that ] is a “myth”<ref name=":3" />. As The Guardian notes, "By having a hand in both voting litigation and the judges on the federal bench, this network could create a system where conservative donors have an avenue to both oppose voting rights and appoint judges to back that effort."<ref name=":3" /> According to the Guardian, the Honest Elections Project is "backed by a dark money group funded by rightwing stalwarts like the ] and ]’ family."<ref name=":3" /> The Honest Elections Project announced it would spend a minimum of $250,000 in advertisements in April 2020 to warn against voting by mail to accuse Democrats of cheating.<ref name=":3" />

== Other payments ==
Between 2016 and 2018, the Judicial Crisis Network paid more than $1.2 million to the BH Group.<ref>{{Cite web|last=NW|first=The Center for Responsive Politics 1300 L. St|last2=Washington|first2=Suite 200|last3=info|first3=DC 20005 telelphone857-0044|date=2019-05-17|title=Secretive conservative legal group funded by $17 million mystery donor before Kavanaugh fight|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2019/05/dark-money-group-funded-by-17million-mystery-donor-before-kavanaugh/|access-date=2020-10-25|website=OpenSecrets News|language=en}}</ref> The BH Group, a Virginia-based ], is the employer of Leonard Leo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=$80 million dark money group tied to Trump Supreme Court advisor, Leonard Leo|url=https://www.citizensforethics.org/reports-investigations/crew-investigations/80-million-dark-money-group-tied-to-trump-supreme-court-advisor-leonard-leo/|access-date=2020-10-25|website=CREW {{!}} Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington|language=en-US}}</ref>

Between 2016 and 2018, its sister entity, the Judicial Education Project, contributed nearly $2 million to ] Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=IRS 990 JEP 2016|url=https://pdf.guidestar.org/PDF_Images/2016/202/466/2016-202466871-0e90afae-9.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=IRS 990 JEP 2017|url=https://pdf.guidestar.org/PDF_Images/2017/202/466/2017-202466871-102c9bf0-9.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=IRS 990 JEP 2018|url=https://pdf.guidestar.org/PDF_Images/2018/202/466/2018-202466871-17152799-9.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
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American political advocacy organization

Judicial Crisis Network
Formation2005 (2005)
Type501(c)(4)
Location
LeaderCarrie Severino
Websitewww.judicialnetwork.com Edit this at Wikidata
Formerly calledJudicial Confirmation Network

The Judicial Crisis Network (JCN) (formally known as the Concord Fund and, before that, as the Judicial Confirmation Network) is an American conservative advocacy organization. Its president is Carrie Severino, a former law clerk for Supreme Court justice Clarence Thomas. In 2020, OpenSecrets described JCN as having "unmatched influence in recent years in shaping the federal judiciary."

Background

The organization was founded in 2005 to promote the judicial appointees of then president George W. Bush. Fundraiser and lawyer Ann Corkery, along with California real estate magnate Robin Arkley II, were key to the beginning of the organization.

The current leader is Carrie Severino. She was previously a law clerk to United States Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas and to Judge David B. Sentelle of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. She is a contributor to National Review. She is married to Roger Severino.

Severino received her J.D. degree from Harvard Law School, where she was a student while Elena Kagan was dean. Severino has been involved with constitutional challenges to the Affordable Care Act.

Funding

The leading funder of JCN is the Wellspring Committee, which is directed by Ann Corkery. Wellspring, which does not disclose who funds it, gave close to $7 million to JCN in 2014; between 2012 and 2015, it reported giving JCN more than $15 million. JCN's tax return for the period July 2015 to June 2016 shows that one $17.9 million donation, whose source was not reported, accounted for 96.6 percent of the organization's revenue.

Advocacy activities

In 2013, JCN ran ads in Alaska that were critical of U.S. senator Mark Begich's votes to approve all of president Barack Obama's federal judicial nominees. The group also ran advertisements that were critical of Mary Landrieu and Mark Pryor's votes for president Obama's court picks. In 2014, the group ran digital advertisements critical of Chris Christie's judicial appointments. JCN has been active in Michigan and North Carolina supreme court elections.

In 2015, the Judicial Crisis Network donated $600,000 to Nebraskans for the Death Penalty, a group promoting reinstatement of capital punishment in Nebraska.

In 2016, the JCN ran a negative advertisement about Jane L. Kelly, a federal appeals judge from Iowa who was on a White House list of possible nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Also in 2016, the JCN bought advertisements across the country to oppose president Obama's supreme court nominee, chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Merrick Garland. In November 2016, after Donald Trump was elected president of the United States, JCN ran television advertisements praising senate judiciary chairman Chuck Grassley for holding the line against Garland. The group also spent over $500,000 on advertisements thanking Trump for his campaign promises regarding the types of justices he would select for the nation's high court. JCN's advertisements asked viewers to thank Trump for pledging to nominate conservative jurists in the mold of Antonin Scalia to the Supreme Court.

On January 31, 2017, the Judicial Crisis Network committed to spending $10 million on advocacy ads in favor of president Donald Trump's first Supreme Court of the United States nominee, Neil Gorsuch.

The Judicial Crisis Network spent $4.5 million in ad buys supportive of the confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh to the U.S. Supreme Court. In 2019, the watchdog group Campaign for Accountability accused JCN of sending illegal robotexts to Indiana residents about the Supreme Court nomination of Kavanaugh.

In September 2020, after the death of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, JCN launched a $2.2 million campaign to support President Trump's right to appoint a judge prior to the November 2020 presidential election.

The Judicial Education Project is closely aligned with the JCN.

References

  1. ^ Haberman, Maggie (July 15, 2014). "Conservative judicial group to hammer Chris Christie". Politico. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  2. ^ Massoglia, Anna; Levine, Sam (May 27, 2020). "Conservative 'dark money' network rebranded to push voting restrictions before 2020 election". OpenSecrets.
  3. ^ Michaelson, Jay (March 29, 2016). "Billionaires Try to Buy the Supreme Court". The Daily Beast. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  4. Novak, Viveca; Stone, Peter (March 23, 2015). "The JCN Story: Building a Secretive GOP Judicial Machine". OpenSecrets. OpenSecrets. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  5. Bauman, Michelle (February 6, 2013). "Legal Scholar Deplores Media Confusion Over HHS Mandate". National Catholic Register. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  6. Greenhouse, Linda (August 20, 2014). "By Any Means Necessary". The New York Times. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  7. "Carrie Severino". Judicial Crisis Network. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  8. "Carrie Severino". National Review. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  9. Mears, Bill (February 12, 2014). "Analysis: Justice Thomas comments spark fresh debate on race". CNN. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  10. Totenberg, Nina (May 18, 2010). "At Harvard, Kagan Won More Fans Than Foes". NPR. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  11. Meinecke, Elisabeth (February 7, 2012). "ObamaCare at the Supreme Court: What to Expect". Townhall. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  12. de Vogue, Ariane (April 14, 2014). "Little-Known Legal Challenge That Could Torpedo Obamacare". ABC News. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  13. Mencimer, Stephanie (March 19, 2016). "These Right-Wing Groups Are Gearing Up for an Onslaught on Obama's Supreme Court Nominee". Mother Jones. Foundation for National Progress. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  14. ^ Sessa-Hawkins, Margaret; Perez, Andrew (October 24, 2017). "Dark Money Group Received Massive Donation In Fight Against Obama's Supreme Court Nominee". maplight.org. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  15. Cole, Dermot (December 21, 2013). "Begich attack ads a sign of things to come in heated Senate race". Alaska Dispatch News (online ed.). Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  16. Sullivan, Sean (December 2, 2013). "Conservative group hits Landrieu with ad on judicial nominations". Washington Post (online ed.). Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  17. Camia, Catalina (July 15, 2014). "Conservatives blast Chris Christie ahead of Iowa trip" (online ed.). USA Today. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  18. "Judicial Crisis Network". Center for Public Integrity. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  19. Schulte, Grant. "Nebraska group touts support to stop death penalty repeal". The Big Story. Associated Press. Archived from the original on August 28, 2015. The largest donation in July came from the conservative, Washington-based Judicial Crisis Network, which gave $200,000. Nebraskans for the Death Penalty relied on a combination of paid and volunteer petition circulators, and was aided by an Arizona-based strategist who specializes in ballot campaigns.
  20. "Nebraska Accountability and Disclosure Commission". www.nadc.nebraska.gov. Retrieved September 7, 2018.
  21. Overby, Peter (March 17, 2016). "Conservatives Lobby Around Supreme Court Nomination". National Public Radio. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
  22. Everett, Burgess (November 18, 2016). "Judicial Crisis Network already running ads ahead of Trump SCOTUS pick". Politico. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  23. Lovelace, Ryan (November 28, 2016). "Group launches $500K ad campaign praising Trump's SCOTUS pledge". Washington Examiner (online ed.). Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  24. DeBonis, Mike (November 25, 2016). "The fight to confirm Donald Trump's Supreme Court nominee starts now". Washington Post (online ed.). Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  25. Weber, Joseph (January 31, 2017). "Conservative group launches $10M campaign to support Trump's Supreme Court pick". FoxNews.com. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  26. Balluck, Kyle (July 23, 2018). "Judicial group launches third ad buy to push Kavanaugh confirmation". TheHill. Retrieved August 2, 2018.
  27. Bowden, John (October 8, 2019). "Watchdog accuses pro-Kavanaugh group of sending illegal robotexts in 2018". TheHill.
  28. "Judicial Crisis Network will spend $2.2 million to boost Trump's court pick". www.msn.com. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  29. Mineiro, Megan (September 22, 2020). "Democrats Condemn Big-Money Campaigns Backing Judicial Nominations". Retrieved September 23, 2020.
  30. "Judicial Crisis Network launches $2.2M ad buy backing Trump Supreme Court pick". Washington Examiner. September 21, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.

External links

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