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| ⚫ | HHO Gas contains the following molecular arrangements according to gas chromatography published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. <ref name="Santilli 2006">{{cite journal | last = Santilli | first = Ruggero Maria | year = 2006 | month = August | title = A new gaseous and combustible form of water | journal = ] | volume = 31 | issue = 9 | pages = pp. 1113-1128 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.11.006 | accessdate = 2007-02-20 }} ()</ref> H2,H5,H4O,H6O,H7O,O2,HO2,H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide),O3,H1O3,H2O3,H3O3,H1O4,H2O4,O5. ] only has H2 and O2 therefore these additional molecular structure are the claimed difference between HHO Gas and Oxyhydrogen. | ||
| Aquygen is an allegedly unique molecular arrangement of gas; the byproduct of a form of electrolysis a businessman named Denny Klein in ] claims to have developed. Skeptics, such as ], have refuted this technology to be little more than a combination of ] and conventional electrolysis, which has been known about for well over a century.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.randi.org/jr/2006-05/052606action.html#i3 | title = Fire water | work = Swift: Online Newsletter of the ] | date = May 26, 2006 | accessdate = 2007-03-01 }}</ref> Denny Klein runs a company called Hydrogen Technology Applications, Inc., The technology he espouses is claimed to electrolyze water for use as an "alternative to and enhancer of fossil fuels." This alleged technology was featured on several news programs, including ] and ]<ref>http://hytechapps.com/company/press </ref>, but has not undergone the scrutiny of peer reviewed scientific literature.{{fact}} | |||
| == Claimed Production Method == | |||
| This phenomena has very little credibility in the realm of actual physics,{{fact}} but is notable none-the-less due to the attention it garnered in the media.{{fact}} | |||
| HHO Gas is produced in a ] much like the original by ], William Rhodes, ], ], and a slew of other inventors. The electrolyzer does not separate the product ] and ] via independent ducting, and allows them to mix immediately after production. This creates the molecular ] and ] listed above. | |||
| ==Alleged variation of electrolysis== | |||
| == History == | |||
| According to Klein, the electrolyzer is "common ducted", which he claims produces a hydrogen and oxygen mixture that is molecularly different from the ] mixture produced in typical independently ducted electrolyzers; oxyhydrogen contains a 2:1 ratio of diatomic hydrogen and oxygen, whereas the result of common ducting produces additional molecular configurations other than purely H2 and O2. <ref>Aquygen website</ref> | |||
| This technology has been around since the origional common ducted electrolyzer invented by William Rhodes in 1966. <ref name="Rhodes 1966">{{cite Patent | last = Rhodes | first = William | year = 1996 title = Generator Patent #3262872}} ()</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | This gas is given a variety of names, such as ] (Hybrid Hydrogen Oxygen), ] (for Yull Brown), Rhodes Gas, or Green Gas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.randi.org/jr/2006-06/060906just.html#i3 | title = That HHO iddea isn't new | date = June 9, 2006 | work = Swift: Online Newsletter of the JREF | accessdate = 2007-03-01}}</ref> It is claimed to contain a variety of hydrogen and oxygen allotropes in accordance with the "magnecule" theory proposed by controversial physicist Ruggero Santilli; for example, according to chromatography there are small quantities of 5 atom hydrogen allotropes, and large quantities of 5 atom oxygen allotropes.{{fact}} The ] theory also makes claims about monatomic hydrogen and oxygen existing at relatively low pressures and temperatures.{{fact}} Klein holds several patents and patents pending on products for high-tech industries, such as {{US patent application|20060075683}}. | ||
| ⚫ | == Criticism == | ||
| ==Claimed practical applications== | |||
| ===Welding=== | |||
| Although peer review publication of the gas chromatography clearly identifies extra molecular structures in addition to H2 and O2, the reason for the formation of these structures has not been discussed in peer review. This technology performs according to the 1'st and 2'nd laws of ], with the only difference between it's production and Oxyhydrogen is the design of the electrolyzer being common ducted. Because of its production method being a technical design specification, prevailing skeptics, such as ], have refuted this technology to be little more than a combination of ] and conventional electrolysis, which has been known about for well over a century.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.randi.org/jr/2006-05/052606action.html#i3 | title = Fire water | work = Swift: Online Newsletter of the ] | date = May 26, 2006 | accessdate = 2007-03-01 }}</ref> | |||
| The allegedly unique variant of the electrolysis process was originally claimed to be useful for welding/soldering torches, able to weld glass, copper, aluminum, and carbon steel. During the demonstration on ] this was the only process seen.{{fact}} What was seen did not necessarily match the claims of the broadcast. For instance, a ball made of steel which was heated and seen to turn bright red was ''not'' seen to melt, yet the journalist stated it had turned to liquid steel when it was still clearly solid and structurally resilient.{{fact}} The type of torch used would not have a hot tip under ordinary circumstances of use even though the flame a short distance from the tip would be extremely hot, yet Klein states only a torch using his unique form of gas would behave this way, which is not an accurate statement to say the least.{{fact}} The fact that the gas is ignited a distance away from the tip is why many forms of blow torches do not melt themselves.{{fact}} | |||
| Noah Seidman claims that the recent broadcast did not accurately describe the simple nature of common ducted electrolyzers, along with the long history. Effort was made by the media to cast a shroud of "special" over the technology, which is blatantly false, as this technology has been around for decades and is completely consistent with the laws of electrolysis set forth by Michael Farraday in 1832. Noah Seidman also claims that this technology has been gross portrayed by the most recent Fox News Broadcast. | |||
| ===As a fuel or fuel additive=== | |||
| Klein's website claimed that the gas was useful as a "primary fuel source or a fuel additive" for water-fueled cars, and proclaims, "Imagine cutting steel or running a car with ordinary water." Klein has been featured in local news programs, videos of which are shown on the company website and have been passed around the Internet. The videos claim that the gas can be used by itself to fuel cars and electrical generators. They are far from explicit. <ref>YouTube search for "Denny Klein" </ref> | |||
| The only demonstration of the technology in a car, however, is a hybrid vehicle that allegedly uses the electrolyzed gas as a fuel additive in combination with gasoline. News reports claim that this improves engine efficiency by 50%,{{fact}} but no substantiation has been offered by Klein beyond that.{{fact}} Klein says, "On a hundred mile trip, we use about 4 ounces of water". These designs and claims were not subjected to any sort of rigorous scientific scrutiny.<ref>A more recent news broadcast aired in Channel 2 News in California</ref> | |||
| == Precedent Brand Names == | |||
| ⚫ | ==Criticism== | ||
| The radical claims of Klein's alleged technology remain unscrutinized by any sort of peer reviewed scientific literature. Many skeptics, such as James Randi, have censured this alleged technology as fraud.{{fact}} | |||
| ⚫ | This gas is given a variety of names, such as ] (Hybrid Hydrogen Oxygen), ] (for Yull Brown), Rhodes Gas, or Green Gas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.randi.org/jr/2006-06/060906just.html#i3 | title = That HHO iddea isn't new | date = June 9, 2006 | work = Swift: Online Newsletter of the JREF | accessdate = 2007-03-01}}</ref> It is claimed to contain a variety of hydrogen and oxygen allotropes in accordance with the "magnecule" theory proposed by controversial physicist Ruggero Santilli; for example, according to chromatography there are small quantities of 5 atom hydrogen allotropes, and large quantities of 5 atom oxygen allotropes.{{fact}} The ] theory also makes claims about monatomic hydrogen and oxygen existing at relatively low pressures and temperatures.{{fact}} Klein holds several patents and patents pending on products for high-tech industries, such as {{US patent application|20060075683}}. | ||
| Third party analysis of Denny Klein's company reveals Hydrogen Technology Applications (HTA) may have aspects of defraudment.{{cn}} HTA Inc. leads investors to believe that HHO has no history to support their patent claim that HHO is not ]. Third party testing shows HHO to be indistinguishable from Brown's Gas. Therefore HTA may be misinforming investors.{{fact}} | |||
| There are questions as to whether the claims made in HTA's patents are legitimate or false.{{fact}} The general consensus is that patents were made on 'public domain' technology to convince uninformed investors that HTA has a unique gas (which has not been proven).{{fact}} | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| <references /> | <references /> | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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HHO Gas contains the following molecular arrangements according to gas chromatography published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. H2,H5,H4O,H6O,H7O,O2,HO2,H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide),O3,H1O3,H2O3,H3O3,H1O4,H2O4,O5. Oxyhydrogen only has H2 and O2 therefore these additional molecular structure are the claimed difference between HHO Gas and Oxyhydrogen.
Claimed Production Method
HHO Gas is produced in a common ducted electrolyzer much like the original by Yull Brown, William Rhodes, George Wiseman, Kim San Nam, and a slew of other inventors. The electrolyzer does not separate the product hydrogen and oxygen via independent ducting, and allows them to mix immediately after production. This creates the molecular isomers and allotropes listed above.
History
This technology has been around since the origional common ducted electrolyzer invented by William Rhodes in 1966.
Criticism
Although peer review publication of the gas chromatography clearly identifies extra molecular structures in addition to H2 and O2, the reason for the formation of these structures has not been discussed in peer review. This technology performs according to the 1'st and 2'nd laws of electrolysis, with the only difference between it's production and Oxyhydrogen is the design of the electrolyzer being common ducted. Because of its production method being a technical design specification, prevailing skeptics, such as James Randi, have refuted this technology to be little more than a combination of pseudoscience and conventional electrolysis, which has been known about for well over a century.
Noah Seidman claims that the recent broadcast did not accurately describe the simple nature of common ducted electrolyzers, along with the long history. Effort was made by the media to cast a shroud of "special" over the technology, which is blatantly false, as this technology has been around for decades and is completely consistent with the laws of electrolysis set forth by Michael Farraday in 1832. Noah Seidman also claims that this technology has been gross portrayed by the most recent Fox News Broadcast.
Precedent Brand Names
This gas is given a variety of names, such as HHO gas (Hybrid Hydrogen Oxygen), Brown's Gas (for Yull Brown), Rhodes Gas, or Green Gas. It is claimed to contain a variety of hydrogen and oxygen allotropes in accordance with the "magnecule" theory proposed by controversial physicist Ruggero Santilli; for example, according to chromatography there are small quantities of 5 atom hydrogen allotropes, and large quantities of 5 atom oxygen allotropes. The magnecule theory also makes claims about monatomic hydrogen and oxygen existing at relatively low pressures and temperatures. Klein holds several patents and patents pending on products for high-tech industries, such as US application 20,060,075,683 .
See also
References
- Santilli, Ruggero Maria (2006). "A new gaseous and combustible form of water". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 31 (9): pp. 1113-1128. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.11.006.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help);|pages=has extra text (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) (Excerpt) - Template:Cite Patent ()
- "Fire water". Swift: Online Newsletter of the JREF. May 26, 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
- "That HHO iddea isn't new". Swift: Online Newsletter of the JREF. June 9, 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-01.