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| '''Dragon''' is a series of ] developed by ], an American space company: | |||
| {{short description|Family of SpaceX spacecraft}} | |||
| * ], a cargo spacecraft operated between 2010 and 2020 | |||
| {{Use American English|date=September 2020}} | |||
| * ], a cargo and crewed spacecraft operated since 2019 | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}} | |||
| * ], an abandoned plan for a Mars-bound spacecraft | |||
| * ], a planned spacecraft for resupplying the ] | |||
| {{disambiguation}} | |||
| American private space transportation company ] has developed and produced several spacecraft named '''Dragon'''. The first family member, now referred to as ], flew 23 cargo missions to the ISS between 2010 and 2020 before being retired. With this first version not designed for carrying astronauts, it was funded by ] with $396 million awarded through the ] program,<ref name=BillTest>{{cite web|url=http://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/hearings/052611_Gerstenmaier%20Testimony.pdf|title=Statement of William H. Gerstenmaier Associate Administrator for Space Operations before the Committee on Science, Space and Technology Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics U.S. House of Representatives|date=26 May 2011|publisher=U.S. House of Representatives|access-date=28 April 2014}}</ref> with SpaceX being announced as a winner of the first round of funding on August 18, 2006. | |||
| SpaceX developed its ] spacecraft starting in 2014, with a cargo version and a crewed version. It entered service in 2019 with the ] flight, and performed its first flight with astronauts on May 30, 2020, during the ] flight. | |||
| SpaceX also investigated a version named '''Red Dragon''' for Mars exploration, but the project did not go forward. | |||
| A version named '''Dragon XL''' Is proposed to provide ] to the ]. | |||
| == Name == | |||
| SpaceX's CEO, ], named the spacecraft after the 1963 song "]" by ], reportedly as a response to critics who considered his spaceflight projects impossible.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/15799-spacex-dragon-capsule-fun-facts.html|title=5 Fun Facts About Private Rocket Company SpaceX|publisher=Space.com|date=21 May 2012|access-date=26 May 2012|archive-date=23 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523084756/http://www.space.com/15799-spacex-dragon-capsule-fun-facts.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Early on, it had actually been named '''''Magic Dragon''''', and t-shirts had been printed with this name.<ref> (YouTube video of Nov 14, 2022 lecture at the University of Texas at Austin, Aerospace Engineering Department, published Nov 17, 2022)</ref> As late as September 2012, SpaceX board member ] was still referring to it as "The Magic Dragon, Puffed to the sea."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/7978144836|title=The Magic Dragon|last=Jurvetson|first=Steve|date=7 September 2012|access-date=November 29, 2022}}</ref> That was his caption to a photo of the capsule several months after it had completed its ] demo flight where the spacecraft had accomplished its first docking with the ]. This song, ostensibly composed for children, had long been associated with ] to smoking ]. And Elon Musk has a history of making coded references to marijuana. In 2022, Musk ] for $54.20 per share, which was widely interpreted as a reference to ].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Copeland |first1=Rob |last2=Elliott |first2=Rebecca |last3=Lombardo |first3=Cara |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Elon Musk Makes $43 Billion Bid for Twitter, Says 'Civilization' At Stake |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-offers-to-buy-rest-of-twitter-for-54-20-a-share-11649932296 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414103729/https://www.wsj.com/articles/elon-musk-offers-to-buy-rest-of-twitter-for-54-20-a-share-11649932296 |archive-date=April 14, 2022 |access-date=April 14, 2022 |newspaper=] |issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>, by Ben Gilbert (businessinsider.com, published Apr 18, 2022)</ref> On August 7, 2018, ] a proposal to take ] private at a price of $420 a share,<ref> (twitter.com, published via @elonmusk account on August 7, 2018)</ref> which the ] was reported to have determined to be a reference to marijuana that would "amuse" his then-girlfriend.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Choudhury|first=Saheli Roy|date=September 28, 2018|title=SEC says Musk chose $420 price for Tesla shares because it's a pot reference|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/28/sec-says-elon-musk-at-tesla-chose-420-price-as-pot-reference.html|access-date=November 29, 2022|publisher=CNBC| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006010407/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/28/sec-says-elon-musk-at-tesla-chose-420-price-as-pot-reference.html|archive-date=October 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>, by Rachel Sandler (forbes.com, published Dec 23, 2019)</ref><ref>Tesla stock price passed $420 on Dec 23, 2019, and Musk tweeted (twitter.com, published via @elonmusk account on December 23, 2019)</ref> On September 7, 2018, Musk explained to Joe Rogan that his personal experience with marijuana is that he smokes it "almost never", and that it has no noticeable effect on him.<ref></ref> | |||
| On September 18, 2008, Elon Musk explicitly stated in a public forum that this was the reason why he chose this name, saying that "so many people thought I smoking weed to do this venture."<ref>, Google Zeitgeist'08 talk "10 Years In / 10 Years Out", September 18, 2008 (YouTube, published on Sep 22, 2008)</ref> | |||
| == Dragon 1 == | |||
| {{main|SpaceX Dragon 1}} | |||
| Dragon 1 was the original Dragon iteration, providing cargo service to the ISS. It flew 23 missions between 2010 and 2020, when it was retired. | |||
| == Dragon 2 == | |||
| {{main|SpaceX Dragon 2}} | |||
| Starting in 2014, SpaceX developed '']''. Dragon 2 has a crewed variant and a cargo variant. It began providing service in 2019. | |||
| == ''Red Dragon'' == | |||
| {{main|SpaceX Red Dragon}} | |||
| ''Red Dragon'' was a cancelled version of the Dragon spacecraft that had been previously proposed to fly farther than ] and ] to ] via ]. In addition to SpaceX's own privately funded plans for an eventual ], ] ] had developed a concept called ''Red Dragon'': a low-cost Mars mission that would use ] as the launch vehicle and trans-Martian injection vehicle, and the ]-based capsule to enter the ]. The concept was originally envisioned for launch in 2018 as a ], then alternatively for 2022, but was never formally submitted for funding within NASA.<ref name="Wall2015">{{cite news|last=Wall|first=Mike|url=http://www.space.com/30504-spacex-red-dragon-mars-sample-return.html|title="Red Dragon" Mars Sample-Return Mission Could Launch by 2022|work=Space.com|date=10 September 2015|access-date=20 September 2015|archive-date=26 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126061843/http://www.space.com/30504-spacex-red-dragon-mars-sample-return.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The mission would have been designed to return samples from Mars to Earth at a fraction of the cost of NASA's own sample-return mission, which was projected in 2015 to cost US$6 billion.<ref name="Wall2015"/> | |||
| On 27 April 2016, SpaceX announced its plan to go ahead and launch a modified Dragon lander to Mars in 2018.<ref name="spacex-tweet-20160427">{{cite tweet|user=SpaceX|number=725351354537906176|title=Planning to send Dragon to Mars as soon as 2018. Red Dragons will inform overall Mars architecture, details to come|date=27 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Newmann2016">{{cite web|last1=Newmann|first1=Dava|title=Exploring Together|url=http://blogs.nasa.gov/newman/2016/04/27/exploring-together/|website=blogs.nasa.gov|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=1 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501034413/http://blogs.nasa.gov/newman/2016/04/27/exploring-together/|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> However, Musk canceled the ''Red Dragon'' program in July 2017 to focus on developing the ] system instead.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/07/spacex-appears-to-have-pulled-the-plug-on-its-red-dragon-plans/|title=SpaceX appears to have pulled the plug on its Red Dragon plans|last=Berger|first=Eric|website=arstechnica.com|date=19 July 2017|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-date=21 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721003827/https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/07/spacex-appears-to-have-pulled-the-plug-on-its-red-dragon-plans/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="theverge-20170719">{{cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/19/15999384/elon-musk-spacex-dragon-capsule-mars-mission|title=Elon Musk suggests SpaceX is scrapping its plans to land Dragon capsules on Mars|publisher=The Verge|first=Loren|last=Grush|date=19 July 2017|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731225406/https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/19/15999384/elon-musk-spacex-dragon-capsule-mars-mission|url-status=live}}</ref> The modified ''Red Dragon'' capsule would have performed all ] (EDL) functions needed to deliver payloads of {{convert|1000|kg}} or more to the Martian surface without using a parachute. Preliminary analysis showed that the capsule's atmospheric drag would slow it enough for the final stage of its descent to be within the abilities of its ] retro-propulsion thrusters.<ref name="sdc20110731">{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/12489-nasa-mars-life-private-spaceship-red-dragon.html|title="Red Dragon" Mission Mulled as Cheap Search for Mars Life|last=Wall|first=Mike|publisher=Space.com|date=31 July 2011|access-date=1 May 2012|archive-date=1 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201051520/http://www.space.com/12489-nasa-mars-life-private-spaceship-red-dragon.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NAC 2011">{{cite web |url=https://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2012/01/23/NAC_Science_Meeting_ReportOctober_31-November_1_2011-finalTAGGED.pdf|title=NASA ADVISORY COUNCIL (NAC) – Science Committee Report|publisher=NASA Ames Research Center|date=1 November 2011|access-date=1 May 2012|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120203325/http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2012/01/23/NAC_Science_Meeting_ReportOctober_31-November_1_2011-finalTAGGED.pdf|archive-date=20 January 2013}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | |||
| == Dragon XL == | |||
| ] | |||
| On 27 March 2020, SpaceX revealed the '''Dragon XL''' resupply spacecraft to carry pressurized and unpressurized cargo, experiments and other supplies to NASA's planned ] under a ] (GLS) contract.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-awards-artemis-contract-for-gateway-logistics-services|title=NASA Awards Artemis Contract for Gateway Logistics Services|last=Potter|first=Sean|date=27 March 2020|website=NASA|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327195418/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-awards-artemis-contract-for-gateway-logistics-services|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="spacenews-3">{{Cite web|last=Foust|first=Jeff|author-link=Jeff Foust|title=SpaceX wins NASA commercial cargo contract for lunar Gateway|url=https://spacenews.com/spacex-wins-nasa-commercial-cargo-contract-for-lunar-gateway/|website=]|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200329123606/https://spacenews.com/spacex-wins-nasa-commercial-cargo-contract-for-lunar-gateway/|archive-date=29 March 2020|date=27 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The equipment delivered by Dragon XL missions could include sample collection materials, spacesuits and other items astronauts may need on the Gateway and on the surface of the ], according to ]. It will launch on SpaceX ] rockets from ] at the ] in ]. The Dragon XL will stay at the Gateway for 6 to 12 months at a time, when research payloads inside and outside the cargo vessel could be operated remotely, even when crews are not present.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/03/27/nasa-picks-spacex-to-deliver-cargo-to-gateway-station-in-lunar-orbit/|title=NASA picks SpaceX to deliver cargo to Gateway station in lunar orbit|publisher=Spaceflight Now|first1=Stephen|last1=Clark|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328020010/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/03/27/nasa-picks-spacex-to-deliver-cargo-to-gateway-station-in-lunar-orbit/|url-status=live}}</ref> Its payload capacity is expected to be more than {{convert|5000|kg}} to lunar orbit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/03/dragon-xl-nasa-spacex-lunar-gateway-supply-contract/|title=Dragon XL revealed as NASA ties SpaceX to Lunar Gateway supply contract|date=27 March 2020|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=28 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328020206/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2020/03/dragon-xl-nasa-spacex-lunar-gateway-supply-contract/|url-status=live}}</ref> There is no requirement for a return to Earth. At the end of the mission the Dragon XL must be able to undock and dispose of the same mass it can bring to the Gateway, by moving the spacecraft to a heliocentric orbit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-delays-starting-contract-with-spacex-for-gateway-cargo-services/|title=NASA delays starting contract with SpaceX for Gateway cargo services|date=15 April 2021|access-date=21 January 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210417064753/https://spacenews.com/nasa-delays-starting-contract-with-spacex-for-gateway-cargo-services/|archive-date=17 April 2021}}</ref> | |||
| == See also == | |||
| {{Commons category|SpaceX Dragon}}{{Portal|Spaceflight | |||
| }} | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| {{Dragon spaceflights}} | |||
| {{SpaceX}} | |||
| {{Cargo spacecraft}} | |||
| {{Falcon rocket launches}} | |||
| {{ISS modules}} | |||
| {{Set index article}} | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Dragon (spacecraft)}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
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Revision as of 11:55, 4 February 2023
Dragon is a series of spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American space company:
- SpaceX Dragon 1, a cargo spacecraft operated between 2010 and 2020
- SpaceX Dragon 2, a cargo and crewed spacecraft operated since 2019
- SpaceX Red Dragon, an abandoned plan for a Mars-bound spacecraft
- Dragon XL, a planned spacecraft for resupplying the Lunar Gateway
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title SpaceX Dragon.If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Categories: