Ganja, Azerbaijan: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 02:51, 23 March 2007 view sourcePejman47 (talk \| contribs)2,973 edits first please give more academic "recognised" sources, second Pahlavi is not "middle iranian", it is middle Persian, instead of edit warring read scholary sources← Previous edit		Revision as of 15:24, 23 March 2007 view source Dacy69 (talk \| contribs)1,605 edits what academic sources you have added?Next edit →
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	:''For the city in ], see ]''.		:''For the city in ], see ]''.
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	'''Ganja''' {{IPA2\|gæn'ʤæ}} (]: ''Gəncə'', ]: ''گنجه''/''Ganj-ja'') is ]'s second largest city.		'''Ganja''' {{IPA2\|gæn'ʤæ}} (]: ''Gəncə'', ]: ''گنجه''/''Ganj-ja'') is ]'s second largest city.

	The city was most likely founded in the 5th century AD,<ref></ref> although local tradition and archeological excavations allow for city authorities to celebrate 2,500 years of existence.<ref></ref> "Ganja" comes from the ] ''ganj'' (گنج: "treasure, treasury"),<ref></ref>.		The city was most likely founded in the 5th century AD,<ref></ref> although local tradition and archeological excavations allow for city authorities to celebrate 2,500 years of existence.<ref></ref> "Ganja" comes from the ] (middle Iranian) ''ganj'' (گنج: "treasure, treasury"),<ref></ref> however, there is also a theory that it is derived from ''genç'' ("young" in ]), or of other ] origin<ref></ref>.

	==History==		==History==

	Historically an important city of ]~~<ref></ref>~~ and ] region, Ganja was part of ] (]), ],<ref></ref> ], ],<ref></ref> ],<ref></ref> ]<ref></ref>, and the ], Ganja is also the birthplace of the famous poet ]. ~~The people~~ of Ganja experienced a temporary cultural decline after an ] in ] and then again after the ] invasion in ]. The city was revived after the ] came to power. For a short period of time, Ganja was renamed Abbasabad by Shah ].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gitc.aznet.org/GenceDovletQorugu/knanates.htm \|title=The Monuments of Ganja Khanate of the Period form 1606 - 1804 \|accessdate=2007-02-16 \|author=Seyyaf Sednik oqli Pashayev}}</ref> During the Safavid rule, it was the capital of the Karabakh (Ganja) ],<ref></ref> one of the four such administrative units and principalities.<ref>I.Petrushevskiy. Ocherki po istorii feodal'nikh otnosheniy d Azerbaijane i Armenii v XVI - nach. XIX vv., Leningrad, 1949, p. 122, in Russian</ref> In ], Ganja became the capital of the independent ]. According to the October ] ], Ganja khanate and city, together with most of ~~Persia's~~ ~~Caucasian~~ ~~holdings~~, was recognized as part of ~~the~~ Russian Empire after Persia's defeat in the ].<ref>John F. Baddeley, "The Russian conquest of the Caucasus", London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1908, p. 67, citing "Tsitsianoff's report to the Emperor: Akti, ix (supplement), p. 920".</ref> It was renamed Elizavetpol after the wife of ], ].		Historically an important city of ] and ] region, Ganja was part of ], ], ], ] <ref></ref>, ] <ref></ref>, ]<ref></ref>, ]<ref></ref>, ]<ref></ref>, and the ], Ganja is also the birthplace of the famous poet ]. People of Ganja experienced a temporary cultural decline after an ] in ] and then again after the ] invasion in ]. The city was revived after the ] came to power. For a short period of time, Ganja was renamed Abbasabad by Shah ].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.gitc.aznet.org/GenceDovletQorugu/knanates.htm \|title=The Monuments of Ganja Khanate of the Period form 1606 - 1804 \|accessdate=2007-02-16 \|author=Seyyaf Sednik oqli Pashayev}}</ref> During the Safavid rule, it was the capital of the Karabakh (Ganja) ]<ref></ref>, one of the four such administrative units and principalities.<ref>I.Petrushevskiy. Ocherki po istorii feodal'nikh otnosheniy d Azerbaijane i Armenii v XVI - nach. XIX vv., Leningrad, 1949, p. 122, in Russian</ref> In ], Ganja became the capital of the independent ]. According to the October ] ], Ganja khanate and city, together with most of Azerbaijan and Georgia, was recognized as part of Russian Empire after ]'s defeat in the ].<ref>John F. Baddeley, "The Russian conquest of the Caucasus", London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1908, p. 67, citing "Tsitsianoff's report to the Emperor: Akti, ix (supplement), p. 920".</ref> It was renamed Elizavetpol after the wife of ], ].

	In ], Ganja became the temporary capital of the ], at which point it was renamed Ganja again, until ] was recaptured from the ] backed ]. In ], the ] occupied Azerbaijan and in ] ] renamed the city '''Kirovabad''' after ]. In ], Azerbaijan re-established its independence, and the ancient name of the city was given back.		In ], Ganja became the temporary capital of the ], at which point it was renamed Ganja again, until ] was recaptured from the ] backed ]. In ], the ] occupied Azerbaijan and in ] ] renamed the city '''Kirovabad''' after ]. In ], Azerbaijan re-established its independence, and the ancient name of the city was given back.

	Today Ganja is the second largest city in Azerbaijan. According to the official government data, at the beginning of ], the population of Ganja was 305,600.<ref></ref> It has an international airport, and is home to the ], re-built in ].		Today Ganja is the second largest city in Azerbaijan. According to the official government data, at the beginning of ], the population of Ganja was 305,600.<ref></ref><ref></ref> It has an international airport, and is home to the ], re-built in ].

	==Historic Armenian Community==		==Historic Armenian and Christian Community==

	In addition to Muslims, the city has had a numerically, economically and culturally significant Armenian community.<ref>Soviet Census in 1926-1979, Newspaper Pravda Press, Moscow, 1983</ref> Among the ], the city is known as Gandzak (Գանձակ). The medieval historian ] mentions that it was founded in the district called in ~~Armenian~~ Arshakashen (Արշակաշեն) ~~- in the Kingdom of Greater Armenia’s former prefecture of Utik.~~<ref>History of the Caucasian Albanians by Movses Dasxuranci, C.J.F. Dowsett trans. (London 1961), chapter 21.</ref> The word Gandzak is likewise associated with the concept of treasure or riches - gandz (Arm. - գանձ). The city’s Armenians ~~were~~ ~~deported~~ in 1989, in the process of forced population exchanges that defined the Karabakh conflict.		In addition to Muslims, the city has had a numerically, economically and culturally significant Armenian community.<ref>Soviet Census in 1926-1979, Newspaper Pravda Press, Moscow, 1983</ref> Among the ], the city is known as Gandzak (Գանձակ). The medieval historian ] mentions that it was founded in the district called in Arshakashen (Արշակաշեն)<ref>History of the Caucasian Albanians by Movses Dasxuranci, C.J.F. Dowsett trans. (London 1961), chapter 21.</ref> The word Gandzak is likewise associated with the concept of treasure or riches - gandz (Pahlavi and Persian - ganj, Arm. - գանձ). The city’s Armenians left mostly in 1989, in the process of forced population exchanges that defined the Karabakh conflict.

	The city's historically important ~~Armenian~~ figures include (see links below): ] (Կիրակոս Գանձակեցի, 1201-1271, author of the History ~~of Armenia~~), ] (Մխիթար Գոշ, c. 1130–1213) author of the Code of Laws that was used in ], ] and Armenian diasporan groups in Europe, and ] (Գրիգոր Պարոն Տեր, 1560-1645) - Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem.		The city's historically important Christian figures include (see links below): ] (Կիրակոս Գանձակեցի, 1201-1271, author of the History), ] (Մխիթար Գոշ, c. 1130–1213) author of the Code of Laws that was used in ], ] and Armenian diasporan groups in Europe, and ] (Գրիգոր Պարոն Տեր, 1560-1645) - Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem.

	==Education==		==Education==

Revision as of 15:24, 23 March 2007

For other uses, see Ganja, Azerbaijan (disambiguation).

For the city in Tajikistan, see Panj.

Ganja

Ganja

1000 km²

408 m

305,600 census 2006

AZ1000

016

40° 40' 58 N

46° 21' 38 E

Ganja IPA: [gæn'ʤæ] (Azerbaijani: Gəncə, Persian: گنجه/Ganj-ja) is Azerbaijan's second largest city.

The city was most likely founded in the 5th century AD, although local tradition and archeological excavations allow for city authorities to celebrate 2,500 years of existence. "Ganja" comes from the Pahlavi (middle Iranian) ganj (گنج: "treasure, treasury"), however, there is also a theory that it is derived from genç ("young" in Azerbaijani language), or of other Turkic origin.

History

Historically an important city of Caucasian Albania and Arran region, Ganja was part of Sassanid empire, Great Seljuk Empire, Atabegs of Azerbaijan, Il-Khans , Timurids , Jalayirids, Qara Qoyunlu, Ak Koyunlu , and the Ganja Khanate, Ganja is also the birthplace of the famous poet Nizami. People of Ganja experienced a temporary cultural decline after an earthquake in 1139 and then again after the Mongol invasion in 1231. The city was revived after the Safavids came to power. For a short period of time, Ganja was renamed Abbasabad by Shah Abbas I. During the Safavid rule, it was the capital of the Karabakh (Ganja) beylerbey, one of the four such administrative units and principalities. In 1747, Ganja became the capital of the independent Ganja Khanate. According to the October 1813 Gulistan Treaty, Ganja khanate and city, together with most of Azerbaijan and Georgia, was recognized as part of Russian Empire after Persia's defeat in the Persia-Russia wars. It was renamed Elizavetpol after the wife of Alexander I of Russia, Elizabeth.

In 1918, Ganja became the temporary capital of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, at which point it was renamed Ganja again, until Baku was recaptured from the British backed Centrocaspian Dictatorship. In 1920, the Red Army occupied Azerbaijan and in 1935 Joseph Stalin renamed the city Kirovabad after Sergei Kirov. In 1991, Azerbaijan re-established its independence, and the ancient name of the city was given back.

Today Ganja is the second largest city in Azerbaijan. According to the official government data, at the beginning of 2006, the population of Ganja was 305,600. It has an international airport, and is home to the Nizami Mausoleum, re-built in 1991.

Historic Armenian and Christian Community

In addition to Muslims, the city has had a numerically, economically and culturally significant Armenian community. Among the Armenians, the city is known as Gandzak (Գանձակ). The medieval historian Movses Kaghankatvatzi mentions that it was founded in the district called in Arshakashen (Արշակաշեն) The word Gandzak is likewise associated with the concept of treasure or riches - gandz (Pahlavi and Persian - ganj, Arm. - գանձ). The city’s Armenians left mostly in 1989, in the process of forced population exchanges that defined the Karabakh conflict.

The city's historically important Christian figures include (see links below): Kirakos Gandzaketsi (Կիրակոս Գանձակեցի, 1201-1271, author of the History), Mkhitar Gosh (Մխիթար Գոշ, c. 1130–1213) author of the Code of Laws that was used in Armenia, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and Armenian diasporan groups in Europe, and Grigor Paron-Ter (Գրիգոր Պարոն Տեր, 1560-1645) - Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem.