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| == History == | == History == | ||
| Dogar is a Muslim, Punjabi tribe in the Punjab region of Pakistan. It is also used as a family name in Turkey and Northern Iraq among some Kurdish and Turkish groups. | |||
| Dogar people settled in ] during the ].<ref name=Singh1988/> They have been classified as a branch of the ]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fiaz |first1=HM |last2=Akhtar |first2=S |last3=Rind |first3=AA |title=Socio-cultural condition of South Punjab: a case of Muzaffargarh District |journal=International Research Journal of Education and Innovation |date=2021 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=21–40 |doi=10.53575/irjei.3-v2.2(21)21-40 |url=http://www.irjei.com/index.php/irjei/article/view/27/17|doi-access=free }}</ref> (a large cluster of interrelated peoples from the ]). Initially a ] people, the Dogar ] in the Punjab, where they became owners of land in the relatively arid central area where cultivation required particularly strenuous work.<ref name=Chaudhuri2008>{{cite book |title=Peasant History of Late Pre-colonial and Colonial India |volume=8 |first=BB |last=Chaudhuri |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2008 |isbn=978-8-13171-688-5 |pages=194–195 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ljmIJySEm4UC&pg=PA194}}</ref> In addition to cultivating crops such as '']'' (millet) and ], they seem partly to have continued pastoral practices, sometimes ].<ref name=Singh1988>{{cite journal |last=Singh |first=C |author-link=Chetan Singh |title=Conformity and conflict: tribes and the 'agrarian system' of Mughal India |journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review |year=1988 |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=319–340 |doi=10.1177/001946468802500302 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/62288224/Conformity___Conflict.pdf}}</ref> The arid conditions proved challenging, especially in the light of competition from peoples with more established agricultural ways (notably the ]), and over the centuries some Dogars also developed a reputation for marauding behaviour,<ref name=Chaudhuri2008/> such as animal raiding and other types of theft. <ref name=Singh1988/> However, this is linked to the different kinds of economies at the time. | Dogar people settled in ] during the ].<ref name=Singh1988/> They have been classified as a branch of the ]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fiaz |first1=HM |last2=Akhtar |first2=S |last3=Rind |first3=AA |title=Socio-cultural condition of South Punjab: a case of Muzaffargarh District |journal=International Research Journal of Education and Innovation |date=2021 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=21–40 |doi=10.53575/irjei.3-v2.2(21)21-40 |url=http://www.irjei.com/index.php/irjei/article/view/27/17|doi-access=free }}</ref> (a large cluster of interrelated peoples from the ]). Initially a ] people, the Dogar ] in the Punjab, where they became owners of land in the relatively arid central area where cultivation required particularly strenuous work.<ref name=Chaudhuri2008>{{cite book |title=Peasant History of Late Pre-colonial and Colonial India |volume=8 |first=BB |last=Chaudhuri |publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2008 |isbn=978-8-13171-688-5 |pages=194–195 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ljmIJySEm4UC&pg=PA194}}</ref> In addition to cultivating crops such as '']'' (millet) and ], they seem partly to have continued pastoral practices, sometimes ].<ref name=Singh1988>{{cite journal |last=Singh |first=C |author-link=Chetan Singh |title=Conformity and conflict: tribes and the 'agrarian system' of Mughal India |journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review |year=1988 |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=319–340 |doi=10.1177/001946468802500302 |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/62288224/Conformity___Conflict.pdf}}</ref> The arid conditions proved challenging, especially in the light of competition from peoples with more established agricultural ways (notably the ]), and over the centuries some Dogars also developed a reputation for marauding behaviour,<ref name=Chaudhuri2008/> such as animal raiding and other types of theft. <ref name=Singh1988/> However, this is linked to the different kinds of economies at the time. | ||
| Origins: There are several theories regarding the origins of Dogars. Some have claimed a Rajput origin (disputed by Denzil Ibbetson based upon the Semitic Dogar features). Others have claimed a Kashmiri origin. | |||
| An alternative theory is a Turko-Kurdish origin based on the emigration of a scion of Oghuz Han, known as the Döger. In Turkey one of the towns named after their re-settlement from Central Asia is also written as Doker, Duger, Döker and Düger. Dogars can even be found now in native central Asia. The Dogars of the Punjab are found in the upper valley of the Sutlej and above the lower border of the Lahore district, and have also spread westwards along the foot of the hills into Sialkot. | |||
| In the late 17th century, the Dogars residing within the ]i of Lakhi Jangal (in present-day ]) were among the tribes that challenged the authority of the ] emperor ].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Centre and periphery in the Mughal State: the case of seventeenth-century Panjab |vauthors=Singh C |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=22 |issue=2 |year=1988 |at=313 |jstor=312624 |doi=10.1017/s0026749x00000986|s2cid=144152388 }}</ref> | In the late 17th century, the Dogars residing within the ]i of Lakhi Jangal (in present-day ]) were among the tribes that challenged the authority of the ] emperor ].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Centre and periphery in the Mughal State: the case of seventeenth-century Panjab |vauthors=Singh C |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=22 |issue=2 |year=1988 |at=313 |jstor=312624 |doi=10.1017/s0026749x00000986|s2cid=144152388 }}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 00:07, 24 September 2023
Clan of India and Pakistan For other uses, see Dogar (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Dogra.
The Dogar are a Punjabi people of Muslim heritage (bradari). 'Dogar' is commonly used as a last name.
History
Dogar people settled in Punjab during the Medieval period. They have been classified as a branch of the Rajput (a large cluster of interrelated peoples from the Indian subcontinent). Initially a pastoral people, the Dogar took up agriculture in the Punjab, where they became owners of land in the relatively arid central area where cultivation required particularly strenuous work. In addition to cultivating crops such as jowar (millet) and wheat, they seem partly to have continued pastoral practices, sometimes as nomads. The arid conditions proved challenging, especially in the light of competition from peoples with more established agricultural ways (notably the Jats), and over the centuries some Dogars also developed a reputation for marauding behaviour, such as animal raiding and other types of theft. However, this is linked to the different kinds of economies at the time.
In the late 17th century, the Dogars residing within the faujdari of Lakhi Jangal (in present-day Multan) were among the tribes that challenged the authority of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.
In literature
In the Sufi poet Waris Shah's tragic romance of 1766, Heer Ranjha, Dogars are celebrated for their beauty and wisdom (along with Jats and other agricultural groups).
See also
References
- ^ John, A (2009). Two dialects one region: a sociolinguistic approach to dialects as identity markers (PDF) (MA thesis). Ball State University. Archived from the original on 5 November 2022.
- ^ Singh, C (1988). "Conformity and conflict: tribes and the 'agrarian system' of Mughal India" (PDF). The Indian Economic & Social History Review. 25 (3): 319–340. doi:10.1177/001946468802500302.
- Fiaz, HM; Akhtar, S; Rind, AA (2021). "Socio-cultural condition of South Punjab: a case of Muzaffargarh District". International Research Journal of Education and Innovation. 2 (2): 21–40. doi:10.53575/irjei.3-v2.2(21)21-40.
- ^ Chaudhuri, BB (2008). Peasant History of Late Pre-colonial and Colonial India. Vol. 8. Pearson Education India. pp. 194–195. ISBN 978-8-13171-688-5.
- Singh C (1988). "Centre and periphery in the Mughal State: the case of seventeenth-century Panjab". Modern Asian Studies. 22 (2). 313. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00000986. JSTOR 312624. S2CID 144152388.
- Gaeffke, P (1991). "Hīr Vāriṡ Śāh, poème panjabi du XVIIIe siècle: Introduction, translittération, traduction et commentaire. Tome I, strophes 1 à 110 by Denis Matringe ". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 111 (2): 408–409. doi:10.2307/604050. JSTOR 604050.
...and we come across scathing remarks about 'plebeians' such as Jats, Dogars and other agricultural castes.
Further reading
- Ibbetson, D (1916) . "The Dogars". Panjab castes. Lahore: Government Printing, Punjab. pp. 177–178.
- Rose, HA (1911). "Dogar". A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier province. Vol. II. Lahore: Samuel T Weston. pp. 244–246.
- Longworth Dames, M (1987) . "Fīrūzpūr". E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 114. ISBN 978-9-00408-265-6.