Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license.
Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat.
We can research this topic together.
GJ 1132b has been subject to multiple claims about the detection of an atmosphere. In April 2017, a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere was claimed to have been detected around GJ 1132 b.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://phys.org/news/2017-04-atmosphere-super-earth.html|title = Atmosphere around super-Earth detected|website=Phys.Org|date = April 6, 2017|access-date = April 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Southworth2017"/> However, subsequent, more precise work ruled out the claim.<ref name="Diamond-Lowe2018"/> Instead, in 2021 detection of a hazy hydrogen atmosphere without helium but with the admixture ] and ] (implying substantial underlying free ] in the mix, at around 8.9% of the atmosphere) was claimed.<ref name="Swain2021"/> However, two subsequent studies found no evidence for molecular absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b. Instead, the spectrum was found to be flat,<ref name="Mugnai2021"/><ref name="Libby-Roberts2022"/> which is more consistent with our current understanding of ].{{Citation needed |date=July 2024}}
GJ 1132b has been subject to multiple claims about the detection of an atmosphere. In April 2017, a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere was claimed to have been detected around GJ 1132 b.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://phys.org/news/2017-04-atmosphere-super-earth.html|title = Atmosphere around super-Earth detected|website=Phys.Org|date = April 6, 2017|access-date = April 6, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Southworth2017"/> However, subsequent, more precise work ruled out the claim.<ref name="Diamond-Lowe2018"/> Instead, in 2021 detection of a hazy hydrogen atmosphere without helium but with the admixture ] and ] (implying substantial underlying free ] in the mix, at around 8.9% of the atmosphere) was claimed.<ref name="Swain2021"/> However, two subsequent studies found no evidence for molecular absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b. Instead, the spectrum was found to be flat,<ref name="Mugnai2021"/><ref name="Libby-Roberts2022"/> which is more consistent with our current understanding of ].{{Citation needed |date=July 2024}}
A secondary eclipse observed by the ] and published in 2024 revealed a substellar temperature of {{val|709|31|ul=K}} ({{convert|709|K|C F|disp=out}}). This is only slightly below the maximum possible dayside temperature of {{val|746|11|14|ul=K}} ({{convert|746|K|C F|disp=out}}), assuming a zero albedo planet with no heat redistribution. The thermal emission spectra rules out pure-] atmospheres above 0.006 bar and pure-] atmospheres above 0.16 bar.<ref name=Xue2024/> Therefore, GJ 1132b likely has little to no atmosphere, consistent with the idea of the "Cosmic Shoreline"<ref name=Xue2024/> and similar to other hot rocky M-Dwarf planets including ]<ref name="Kreidburg2019"/>, GJ 1252 b, ]<ref name="Greene2023"/> and ]<ref name="Zieba2023"/>, ], and ]<ref name="Mansfield2024"/>.
A secondary eclipse observed by the ] and published in 2024 revealed a substellar temperature of {{val|709|31|ul=K}} ({{convert|709|K|C F|disp=out}}). This is only slightly below the maximum possible dayside temperature of {{val|746|11|14|ul=K}} ({{convert|746|K|C F|disp=out}}), assuming a zero albedo planet with no heat redistribution. The thermal emission spectra rules out pure-] atmospheres above 0.006 bar and pure-] atmospheres above 0.16 bar.<ref name=Xue2024/> Therefore, GJ 1132b likely has little to no atmosphere, consistent with the idea of the "Cosmic Shoreline"<ref name=Xue2024/> and similar to other hot rocky M-Dwarf planets including ]<ref name="Kreidburg2019"/>, ], ]<ref name="Greene2023"/> and ]<ref name="Zieba2023"/>, ], and ].<ref name="Mansfield2024"/>
It had been called "one of the most important planets ever discovered beyond the Solar System": Due to its relative proximity to Earth, telescopes should have been able to determine the composition of its atmosphere, the speed of its winds and the color of its sunsets, if an atmosphere was present. This is due in part to the small diameter of its parent star (20% that of the Sun), which increases the effect on the star's light of its transits. The planet's diameter is approximately 20% larger than that of the Earth and its mass is estimated at 1.6 times that of Earth, implying that it has an Earth-like rocky composition. GJ 1132 b orbits its star every 1.6 days at a distance of 1.4 million miles (2.24 million kilometres).
The planet receives 19 times more stellar radiation than Earth. The equilibrium temperature is estimated at 529 K (256 °C; 493 °F) for an Earth-like albedo, or 409 K (136 °C; 277 °F) for a Venus-like albedo. The planet is likely to be hotter than Venus, as higher temperatures likely prevail at the surface if the planet has an atmosphere.
Atmosphere
GJ 1132b has been subject to multiple claims about the detection of an atmosphere. In April 2017, a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere was claimed to have been detected around GJ 1132 b. However, subsequent, more precise work ruled out the claim. Instead, in 2021 detection of a hazy hydrogen atmosphere without helium but with the admixture methane and hydrogen cyanide (implying substantial underlying free nitrogen in the mix, at around 8.9% of the atmosphere) was claimed. However, two subsequent studies found no evidence for molecular absorption in the HST WFC3 Spectrum of GJ 1132 b. Instead, the spectrum was found to be flat, which is more consistent with our current understanding of photoevaporation.
A secondary eclipse observed by the James Webb Space Telescope and published in 2024 revealed a substellar temperature of 709±31 K (436 °C; 817 °F). This is only slightly below the maximum possible dayside temperature of 746+11 −14 K (473 °C; 883 °F), assuming a zero albedo planet with no heat redistribution. The thermal emission spectra rules out pure-carbon dioxide atmospheres above 0.006 bar and pure-water vapor atmospheres above 0.16 bar. Therefore, GJ 1132b likely has little to no atmosphere, consistent with the idea of the "Cosmic Shoreline" and similar to other hot rocky M-Dwarf planets including LHS 3844 b (Kua'kua), GJ 1252 b, TRAPPIST-1b and c, GJ 367b (Tahay), and GJ 486b (Su).
^ Xue, Qiao; Bean, Jacob L.; Zhang, Michael; Mahajan, Alexandra S.; Ih, Jegug; Eastman, Jason D.; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Mansfield, Megan Weiner; Coy, Brandon P.; Kempton, Eliza M.-R.; Koll, Daniel D.; Kite, Edwin S. (2024). "JWST Thermal Emission of the Terrestrial Exoplanet GJ 1132b". arXiv:2408.13340.
Mansfield, Megan Weiner; Xue, Qiao; Zhang, Michael; Mahajan, Alexandra S.; Ih, Jegug; Koll, Daniel; Bean, Jacob L.; Coy, Brandon Park; Eastman, Jason D.; Kempton, Eliza M.-R.; Kite, Edwin S.; Lunine, Jonathan (2024). "No Thick Atmosphere on the Terrestrial Exoplanet GI 486b". arXiv:2408.15123.
Size comparison of GJ 1132 b with Earth
Chile
Category