| Revision as of 15:36, 16 December 2024 editSurtsicna (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users130,758 edits This refers to fish from a specific locality. The same cannot be said for the species as a whole.← Previous edit | Revision as of 17:41, 7 January 2025 edit undoSurtsicna (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users130,758 editsNo edit summaryTag: Disambiguation links addedNext edit → | ||
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| | taxon = Poecilia sphenops | | taxon = Poecilia sphenops | ||
| | authority = (], 1846) | | authority = (], 1846) | ||
| | synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets=true | |||
| | synonyms = *''Mollienisia sphenops'' <small>(Valenciennes, 1846)</small> | |||
| |title=Synonymy | |||
| *''Poecilia thermalis'' <small>], 1863</small> | |||
| |''Mollienisia sphenops'' <small>(Valenciennes, 1846)</small> | |||
| |''Poecilia thermalis'' <small>], 1863</small> | |||
| |''Gambusia modesta'' <small>], 1865</small> | |||
| |''Gambusia plumbea'' <small>Troschel, 1865</small> | |||
| |''Poecilia chisoyensis'' <small>], 1866</small> | |||
| |''Poecilia dovii'' <small>Günther, 1866</small> | |||
| |''Poecilia spilurus'' <small>Günther, 1866</small> | |||
| |''Platypoecilus mentalis'' <small>], 1877</small> | |||
| |''Poecilia boucardii'' <small>Steindachner, 1878</small> | |||
| |''Platypoecilus nelsoni'' <small>], 1904</small> | |||
| |''Platypoecilus tropicus'' <small>Meek, 1907</small> | |||
| |''Poecilia tenuis'' <small>Meek, 1907</small> | |||
| |''Poecilia spilonota'' <small>], 1908</small> | |||
| |''Poecilia caudata'' <small>Meek, 1909</small> | |||
| |''Mollienesia macrura'' <small>], 1935</small> | |||
| |''Mollienesia vantynei'' <small>Hubbs, 1935</small> | |||
| |''Mollienesia altissima'' <small>Hubbs, 1936</small> | |||
| |''Mollienesia pallida'' <small>], 1943</small> | |||
| |''Lembesseia parvianalis'' <small>], 1949</small> | |||
| }} | |||
| | synonyms_ref = <ref name=FishBase/> | | synonyms_ref = <ref name=FishBase/> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''''Poecilia sphenops''''', called the '''molly'''<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=FishBase/> or '''Mexican molly''',<ref name=FishBase/> is a ] fish inhabiting freshwater streams and coastal brackish waters from ] to El Salvador and Honduras<ref name=IUCN/> to ].<ref name=FishBase/ |
'''''Poecilia sphenops''''', called the '''molly'''<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=FishBase/> or '''Mexican molly''',<ref name=FishBase/> is a ] fish inhabiting freshwater streams and coastal brackish waters from ] to El Salvador and Honduras<ref name=IUCN/> to ].<ref name=FishBase/> | ||
| ''P. sphenops'' occurs in both the ] and ] slope of ] and the northern parts of ].<ref name="Palacios">{{cite journal | last=Palacios | first=Maura | last2=Voelker | first2=Gary | last3=Arias Rodriguez | first3=Lenin | last4=Mateos | first4=Mariana | last5=Tobler | first5=Michael | title=Phylogenetic analyses of the subgenus Mollienesia (Poecilia, Poeciliidae, Teleostei) reveal taxonomic inconsistencies, cryptic biodiversity, and spatio-temporal aspects of diversification in Middle America | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=103 | date=2016 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.025 | doi-access=free | pages=230–244 | url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S1055790316301816 | access-date=2025-01-07}}</ref> On the Atlantic side it ranges from the ] in the north to the ] of the ] and the headwaters of the ] in the south. On the Pacific slope it is distributed from the middle of the ] basin in the state of ] to western ] and northern ].<ref name="k375">{{cite journal | last=Bagley | first=Justin C. | last2=Alda | first2=Fernando | last3=Breitman | first3=M. Florencia | last4=Bermingham | first4=Eldredge | last5=van den Berghe | first5=Eric P. | last6=Johnson | first6=Jerald B. | title=Assessing Species Boundaries Using Multilocus Species Delimitation in a Morphologically Conserved Group of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes, the Poecilia sphenops Species Complex (Poeciliidae) | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=10 | issue=4 | date=2015-04-07 | issn=1932-6203 | pmid=25849959 | pmc=4388586 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0121139 | doi-access=free | page=e0121139}}</ref><ref name="Miller">{{cite book | last=Miller | first=R.R. | last2=Minckley | first2=W.L. | last3=Norris | first3=S.M. | title=Freshwater Fishes of México | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=2005 | isbn=978-0-226-52604-1 | url=https://books.google.ba/books?id=MZXG-9jKygQC | access-date=2025-01-07 | pages=238-239}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ''Poecilia sphenops'' can grow to {{convert|7.5|cm|abbr=on}} ].<ref name=FishBase/> | ||
| ''P. sphenops'' inhabits freshwater and ] habitats,<ref name="Palacios"/> with typical ]s including rivers, ponds, ]s, roadside ditches, and creeks. <ref name="Miller"/> It is particularly widespread in creeks, and may be found in both lowlands and uplands. It occurs in stagnant water as well as in waters with slight and moderate flow. Such waters may be clear, ], or muddy. The habitats may feature substrates of ], ], ], mud (which is often deep), rock or ]. Some of the habitats are devoid of vegetation, while in others ] (e.g. '']'') and plants such as '']'', '']'', fine-leaved '']'', '']'', and '']'' species are abundant.<ref name="Miller"/> Algae and ] form a significant part of the diet of ''P. sphenops''.<ref name="Miller"/> | |||
| == Gallery == | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| ''P. sphenops'' survives in temperatures ranging from 10.8–11.8°C to 38.8–39.5°C when acclimated in a range of 20–35°C.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Hernández-Rodríguez |first1=Mónica |last2=Bückle-Ramirez |first2=L. Fernando |date=2010 |title=Preference, tolerance and resistance responses of ''Poecilia sphenops'' Valenciennes, 1846 (Pisces: Poeciliidae) to thermal fluctuations|url=https://lajar.cl/index.php/rlajar/article/view/vol38-issue3-fulltext-7 |journal=Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research |language=en |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=427–437 |doi=10.3856/vol38-issue3-fulltext-7 |issn=0718-560X}}</ref> Young fish have been captured from January to August, indicating that the species reproduces throughout much of the year. In rivers the adults congregate close to the banks, while the fry stay in very shallow water.<ref name="Miller"/> | |||
| Neon Orange Molly Fish.jpg|A neon orange molly | |||
| Female Black Molly.jpg|A female black molly | |||
| ⚫ | ''Poecilia sphenops'' can grow to {{convert|7.5|cm|abbr=on}} ].<ref name=FishBase/> | ||
| 2015-09-13 female spotted molly.jpg|A female spotted molly, 4 years old | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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| <ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase |genus=Poecilia |species=sphenops |month=June |year=2024 }}</ref> | <ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase |genus=Poecilia |species=sphenops |month=June |year=2024 }}</ref> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| * "" Detailed information on raising the Molly fish. January 2022 version | |||
| {{Taxonbar|from=Q177832}} | {{Taxonbar|from=Q177832}} | ||
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| {{Cyprinodontiformes-stub}} | |||
Revision as of 17:41, 7 January 2025
Species of livebearer fish
| Molly | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male molly | |
| Conservation status | |
 Least Concern (IUCN 3.1) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cyprinodontiformes |
| Family: | Poeciliidae |
| Genus: | Poecilia |
| Species: | P. sphenops |
| Binomial name | |
| Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes, 1846) | |
| Synonyms | |
Synonymy
| |
Poecilia sphenops, called the molly or Mexican molly, is a poeciliid fish inhabiting freshwater streams and coastal brackish waters from Mexico to El Salvador and Honduras to Colombia.
P. sphenops occurs in both the Atlantic and Pacific slope of Mexico and the northern parts of Central America. On the Atlantic side it ranges from the Palma Sola River in the north to the basin of the Coatzacoalcos River and the headwaters of the Grijalva River in the south. On the Pacific slope it is distributed from the middle of the Río Verde basin in the state of Oaxaca to western Honduras and northern Guatemala.
P. sphenops inhabits freshwater and brackish habitats, with typical habitats including rivers, ponds, lagoons, roadside ditches, and creeks. It is particularly widespread in creeks, and may be found in both lowlands and uplands. It occurs in stagnant water as well as in waters with slight and moderate flow. Such waters may be clear, turbid, or muddy. The habitats may feature substrates of marl, clay, silt, mud (which is often deep), rock or bedrock. Some of the habitats are devoid of vegetation, while in others algae (e.g. Chara) and plants such as Lemna, Nasturtium, fine-leaved Potamogeton, Sagittaria, and Typha species are abundant. Algae and diatoms form a significant part of the diet of P. sphenops.
P. sphenops survives in temperatures ranging from 10.8–11.8°C to 38.8–39.5°C when acclimated in a range of 20–35°C. Young fish have been captured from January to August, indicating that the species reproduces throughout much of the year. In rivers the adults congregate close to the banks, while the fry stay in very shallow water.
Poecilia sphenops can grow to 7.5 cm (3.0 in) standard length.
References
- ^ Matamoros, W.A. (2019). "Poecilia sphenops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T191753A2002434. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T191753A2002434.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Poecilia sphenops". FishBase. June 2024 version.
- ^ Palacios, Maura; Voelker, Gary; Arias Rodriguez, Lenin; Mateos, Mariana; Tobler, Michael (2016). "Phylogenetic analyses of the subgenus Mollienesia (Poecilia, Poeciliidae, Teleostei) reveal taxonomic inconsistencies, cryptic biodiversity, and spatio-temporal aspects of diversification in Middle America". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 103: 230–244. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.07.025. Retrieved 2025-01-07.
- Bagley, Justin C.; Alda, Fernando; Breitman, M. Florencia; Bermingham, Eldredge; van den Berghe, Eric P.; Johnson, Jerald B. (2015-04-07). "Assessing Species Boundaries Using Multilocus Species Delimitation in a Morphologically Conserved Group of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes, the Poecilia sphenops Species Complex (Poeciliidae)". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0121139. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121139. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4388586. PMID 25849959.
- ^ Miller, R.R.; Minckley, W.L.; Norris, S.M. (2005). Freshwater Fishes of México. University of Chicago Press. pp. 238–239. ISBN 978-0-226-52604-1. Retrieved 2025-01-07.
- Hernández-Rodríguez, Mónica; Bückle-Ramirez, L. Fernando (2010). "Preference, tolerance and resistance responses of Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 (Pisces: Poeciliidae) to thermal fluctuations". Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research. 38 (3): 427–437. doi:10.3856/vol38-issue3-fulltext-7. ISSN 0718-560X.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Poecilia sphenops | |