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| ==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
| He was born in 1807 near {{Nihongo|Hisagi|久木}} village in rural Kii Province. When he was young, he traveled to ] to study with his elder brother {{Nihongo|Koyama Fumiaki|小山 文明}}, but Fumiaki died suddenly in 1822. In 1823, he began studying ] under his brother's teacher {{Nihongo|Okada Nangai|岡田 南涯}}, and medical science under {{Nihongo|Takagai Ki'en|高階 枳園}}, a physician to the ]. He also studied ]. Eventually, Koyama opened his own medical practice on ].<ref name=manabi>{{cite web |title=小山肆成と羽山大学 |url=http://www.manabi.wakayama-c.ed.jp/wakayama_hakken/pdf/section/02/03/154.pdf |website=和歌山県教育センター Wakayama Prefecture Education Center |access-date=30 December 2024}}</ref> | He was born in 1807 near {{Nihongo|Hisagi|久木}} village in rural Kii Province. When he was young, he traveled to ] to study with his elder brother {{Nihongo|Koyama Fumiaki|小山 文明}}, but Fumiaki died suddenly in 1822. In 1823, he began studying ] under his brother's teacher {{Nihongo|Okada Nangai|岡田 南涯}}, and medical science under {{Nihongo|Takagai Ki'en|高階 枳園}}, a physician to the ]. He also studied ] and ]. Eventually, Koyama opened his own medical practice on ].<ref name=manabi>{{cite web |title=小山肆成と羽山大学 |url=http://www.manabi.wakayama-c.ed.jp/wakayama_hakken/pdf/section/02/03/154.pdf |website=和歌山県教育センター Wakayama Prefecture Education Center |access-date=30 December 2024}}</ref> | ||
| During the ] period (1830-1844), ] ravaged his native Kii Province. After Koyama learned that his nephew's entire family had died of smallpox in 1835, he immersed himself in research to discover a way to combat the disease.<ref name=manabi/> | During the ] period (1830-1844), ] ravaged his native Kii Province. After Koyama learned that his nephew's entire family had died of smallpox in 1835, he immersed himself in research to discover a way to combat the disease.<ref name=manabi/> | ||
Revision as of 21:45, 30 December 2024
In this Japanese name, the surname is Koyama.| Koyama Shisei | |
|---|---|
| 小山 肆成 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1807 Hisagi Village, Kii Province, Japan |
| Died | October 28, 1862(1862-10-28) (aged 54–55) Kyoto, Yamashiro Province, Japan |
Koyama Shisei (Japanese: 小山 肆成, 1807-1862) was a Japanese physician and vaccinologist. He also used the name Hōshū (蓬洲).
Koyama's reputation was such that he was compared with other outstanding scientists of his time, as in the phrase, "Seishū of the north, Hōshū of the south" (北の青洲、南の蓬洲).
Biography
He was born in 1807 near Hisagi (久木) village in rural Kii Province. When he was young, he traveled to Kyoto to study with his elder brother Koyama Fumiaki (小山 文明), but Fumiaki died suddenly in 1822. In 1823, he began studying Confucianism under his brother's teacher Okada Nangai (岡田 南涯), and medical science under Takagai Ki'en (高階 枳園), a physician to the Imperial Court. He also studied herbal medicine and kanpō. Eventually, Koyama opened his own medical practice on Karasuma Street.
During the Tenpō period (1830-1844), smallpox ravaged his native Kii Province. After Koyama learned that his nephew's entire family had died of smallpox in 1835, he immersed himself in research to discover a way to combat the disease.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Balmis Expedition introduced Edward Jenner's technique of using cowpox to inoculate patients against smallpox to Qing China. Hearing of this, Koyama obtained from Takagai Ki'en a copy of the Chinese book Yin dou lue (引痘略), written by Qiu Xi (邱熺), also called Qiu Huochuan (邱活川), which contained an explanation of Jennerian inoculation. Koyama's activites are primarily responsible for this information becoming widely available in Japan.
In 1849, Koyama successfully tested Japan's first Jennerian smallpox vaccine, Gyūkajintōbyō (牛化人痘苗), which allowed for a significantly higher chance of immunization than the European original.
Koyama died in Kyoto in 1867.
See also
Further reading
- Jannetta, Ann (May 23, 2007). The Vaccinators: Smallpox, Medical Knowledge, and the ‘Opening’ of Japan. United States: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804754896.
References
- ^ "小山肆成と羽山大学" (PDF). 和歌山県教育センター Wakayama Prefecture Education Center. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
- Trambaiolo, Daniel (2014). "Vaccination and the Politics of Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century Japan". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 88 (3). United States: Johns Hopkins University Press.