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| {{Short description|Spanish poet and theologian (1535–1599)}} | {{Short description|Spanish poet and theologian (1535–1599)}} | ||
| {{about|the 16-century Spanish poet and theologian|the 16-century Spanish painter|Francisco Pacheco}} | {{about|the 16-century Spanish poet and theologian|the 16-century Spanish painter|Francisco Pacheco}} | ||
| {{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
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| '''Francisco Pacheco''' (baptised 22 November 1535 – 10 October 1599) was a Spanish ], ], poet, and writer. | '''Francisco Pacheco''' (baptised 22 November 1535 – 10 October 1599) was a Spanish ], ], poet, and writer. | ||
| ], in his '']'', which he finished writing between 1580 and 1584, dedicates his tribute to Pacheco before that of any other Sevillian poet, including ], as well as dedicating him two ]s as opposed to the one each he dedicates to the others.<ref name=pacheco/> | |||
| ==Education== | ==Education== | ||
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| In 1565, he earned the ] of the Chapel of St Peter in ].<ref name=pozuelo>{{in lang|es}}. Pozuelo Calero, Bartolomé. ]. Retrieved 6 January 2025.</ref> | In 1565, he earned the ] of the Chapel of St Peter in ].<ref name=pozuelo>{{in lang|es}}. Pozuelo Calero, Bartolomé. ]. Retrieved 6 January 2025.</ref> | ||
| At around that time, Pacheco became friends with ], entering into his circle of poets and humanists, which included Francisco de Medina, ], and ].<ref name=pozuelo/> He also came to the attention of the ], which commissioned him to put in order the archives of the ] as well as accepting his proposal for the commemorative Latin epigraph for the ].<ref name=pozuelo/> In 1570, he collaborated with ] for the ] programme to represent the city of Seville on the occasion of King ]'s visit.<ref name=pozuelo/> | At around that time, Pacheco became friends with ], entering into his circle of poets and humanists, which included Francisco de Medina, who had studied Theology at the same time as Pacheco,<ref name=pacheco/> ], and ].<ref name=pozuelo/> He also came to the attention of the ] (Cabildo), which commissioned him to put in order the archives of the ] as well as accepting his proposal for the commemorative Latin epigraph for the ].<ref name=pozuelo/> In 1570, he collaborated with ] for the ] programme to represent the city of Seville on the occasion of King ]'s visit.<ref name=pozuelo/> | ||
| In 1571, he was elected chaplain of the Royal Chapel, belonging to the ].<ref name=pozuelo/> However, the following year the |
In 1571, he was elected chaplain of the Royal Chapel, belonging to the ].<ref name=pozuelo/> However, the following year the Cathedral chapter accused him of having stolen books from the Biblioteca Capitular and he was dispossessed of the Cathedral prebend,<ref name=pozuelo/> that is, the chapel of St Peter, and the right to give Mass in the Cathedral. However, as the Royal Chapel belonged to the Crown, that prebend was not affected.<ref name=pacheco>{{in lang|es}}. Pacheco, Francisco; Bartolomé Pozuelo Calero (2004). ''Google Books''. Retrieved 6 January 2025.</ref> | ||
| He spent the following few years composing his Latin poems and working for the city council preparing inscriptions for the ] (1574) and the Puerta de la Carne (1577). Towards the end of that decade, the |
He spent the following few years composing his Latin poems and working for the ] preparing inscriptions for the ] (1574) and the Puerta de la Carne (1577). Towards the end of that decade, the Cathedral chapter ended their ostracism of him and he was again commissioned to prepare iconographical programmes for the Cathedral's ]s (1579) and for its main ] (1580-1587).<ref name=pozuelo/> | ||
| The arrival of the new ], ], in 1581, saw Pacheco being promoted to Crown Adminstrator of the Hospital de San Hermenegildo, also known as the Hospital del Cardenal, traditionally associated as a step towards becoming bishop.<ref name=pozuelo/> The following year, the archbishop appointed him canon and commissioned him to draw up the ''Officia propria Sanctorum Hispalensis Ecclesiae et Diocesis'', which set out the liturgical ritual for the ] of the saimts in Seville. He also prepared reports for the Inquisition regarding the censorship of books.<ref name=pozuelo/> | The arrival of the new ], ], in 1581, saw Pacheco being promoted to Crown Adminstrator of the Hospital de San Hermenegildo, also known as the Hospital del Cardenal, traditionally associated as a step towards becoming bishop.<ref name=pozuelo/> The following year, the archbishop appointed him canon and commissioned him to draw up the ''Officia propria Sanctorum Hispalensis Ecclesiae et Diocesis'', which set out the liturgical ritual for the ] of the saimts in Seville. He also prepared reports for the Inquisition regarding the censorship of books.<ref name=pozuelo/> | ||
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| Francisco Pacheco | |
|---|---|
| Born | Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz) |
| Baptised | 22 November 1535 |
| Died | 10 October 1599(1599-10-10) (aged 63) Seville |
Francisco Pacheco (baptised 22 November 1535 – 10 October 1599) was a Spanish theologian, humanist, poet, and writer.
Miguel de Cervantes, in his Galatea, which he finished writing between 1580 and 1584, dedicates his tribute to Pacheco before that of any other Sevillian poet, including Fernando de Herrera, as well as dedicating him two octaves as opposed to the one each he dedicates to the others.
Education
In 1555 he obtained his bachelor's degree in Arts and Philosophy from the Colegio-Universidad de Santa María de Jesús and between 1559 and 1563 studied Theology there.
Career and writings
In 1565, he earned the chaplaincy of the Chapel of St Peter in Seville Cathedral.
At around that time, Pacheco became friends with Fernando de Herrera, entering into his circle of poets and humanists, which included Francisco de Medina, who had studied Theology at the same time as Pacheco, Baltasar del Alcázar, and Gonzalo Argote de Molina. He also came to the attention of the Cathedral chapter (Cabildo), which commissioned him to put in order the archives of the Biblioteca Capitular as well as accepting his proposal for the commemorative Latin epigraph for the Giralda. In 1570, he collaborated with Juan de Mal Lara for the iconographical programme to represent the city of Seville on the occasion of King Philip II's visit.
In 1571, he was elected chaplain of the Royal Chapel, belonging to the Crown. However, the following year the Cathedral chapter accused him of having stolen books from the Biblioteca Capitular and he was dispossessed of the Cathedral prebend, that is, the chapel of St Peter, and the right to give Mass in the Cathedral. However, as the Royal Chapel belonged to the Crown, that prebend was not affected.
He spent the following few years composing his Latin poems and working for the (Cabildo (city council) preparing inscriptions for the Alameda de Hércules (1574) and the Puerta de la Carne (1577). Towards the end of that decade, the Cathedral chapter ended their ostracism of him and he was again commissioned to prepare iconographical programmes for the Cathedral's chapterhouses (1579) and for its main monstrance (1580-1587).
The arrival of the new Archbishop of Seville, Rodrigo de Castro, in 1581, saw Pacheco being promoted to Crown Adminstrator of the Hospital de San Hermenegildo, also known as the Hospital del Cardenal, traditionally associated as a step towards becoming bishop. The following year, the archbishop appointed him canon and commissioned him to draw up the Officia propria Sanctorum Hispalensis Ecclesiae et Diocesis, which set out the liturgical ritual for the veneration of the saimts in Seville. He also prepared reports for the Inquisition regarding the censorship of books.
Although the Crown had instituted disciplinary proceedings in 1596 for corruption at the Hospital, for which Pacheco would be dismissed shortly before his death in 1599, in 1597 King Philip appointed him senior chaplain of the Royal Chapel, enabling him to continue working on the spectacular Tomb of Philip II (Túmulo del rey Felipe II en Sevilla).
Academia de Francisco Pacheco
The Academia de Francisco Pacheco was an academia literaria in Seville which brought together painters, poets and writers such as Pablo de Céspedes, Juan de Jáuregui, Francisco de Rioja, Cervantes, Baltasar del Alcázar and Juan de la Cueva.. Run by the painter Francisco Pacheco, the poet's nephew, who had adopted his uncle's name as a pseudonym, it was the continuation of an earlier academia founded by Juan de Mal Lara, Fernando de Herrera and his uncle, Francisco Pacheco. By 1597, the painter had taken over as director.
Works
Poems
- Macarronea, 1565: a satirical and earthy poem written in pig-Latin ("marraconea") made up of 632 hexameters criticising the Church, the University and poetic circles.
- Sátira apologética en defensa del divino Dueñas or Sátira contra la mala poesía , 1569: made up of 706 hendecasyllables ridiculising the Sevillian poetic circes and a bitter criticique of social aspects such as the monopoly of landownership by the monasteries, inequality of Man at birth, misery or bad governance.
- Sermones sobre la instauración de la libertad del espíritu , c. 1573: two extensive Horatian epistles inhexameters, strongly criticising the contemporary social order –nobility, royalty, slavery, torture, Law, Court, Church– and expressing the ideal of withdrawing to the Peña de Aracena together with Benito Arias Montano and Pedro Vélez de Guevara, and his most intimate colleagues, to devote themselves to poetry, erudition and Christian spirituality and to thus conquer the freedom of the spirit.
Notes
- Juan de Dueñas was a popular 15th-century poet.
- A reference to the hermitage in the Sierra de Huelva to which Benito Arias Montano had withdrawn some years earlier (before attending the Council of Trent).
References
- ^ (in Spanish). Pacheco, Francisco; Bartolomé Pozuelo Calero (2004). El Licenciado Francisco Pacheco: El túmulo de la reina doña Ana de Austria, pp. XXX, XXXV, L. Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press. Google Books. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- ^ (in Spanish). Pozuelo Calero, Bartolomé. "Francisco Pacheco". Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (DB~e). Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- Ríos Castaño, Victoria (2021). "Cervantes and Other Literary Circles". IN: Aaron M. Kahn. The Oxford Handbook of Cervantes, pp. 535–538. OUP. Google Books. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- (in Spanish). Marrón Guareño, Mª Dolores (2021). "Casa del placer honesto (1620) de Alonso J. de Salas Barbadillo: un marco académico en el Madrid del Siglo de Oro". Philobiblion: Revista de Literaturas Hispánicas, 14, pp. 44–45. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- (in Spanish). Valdivieso González, Enrique. "Francisco Pérez del Río". Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (DB~e). Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
- Soto, Myrna (2005). El arte maestra: un tratado de pintura novohispano, p. 27. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Google Books. Retrieved 6 January 2025.
External links
- Descripción del túmulo y relación de las exequias que hizo la ciudad de Sevilla en la muerte del rey Felipe Segundo (1869) by Francisco Gerónimo Collado. Real Academia Española.