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| ===Achaemenid rulers=== | |||
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Revision as of 17:13, 24 August 2003
The Achaemenid Dynasty is a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire.
The Achaemenid dynasty began with Cyrus the Great (ruling 559 BC - 529 BC, King of Persia and Media. Although Cyrus is considered to be the first king of the Achaemenid dynasty, the elder Cambyses is properly credited with that title. Cyrus, however, is the first important ruler of the dynasty.
The absolute zenith of its power was achieved during the reigns of Darius I (521 BC-485 BC) and his son Xerxes (485 BC - 465 BC). These rulers built great, beautiful palaces in the ancient cities of Persepolis, Susa and Ecbatana. The Persian Empire too reached its greatest extension in this period.
After the death of Xerxes I (465 BC) the decline of the dynasty began. Persia saw a sequence of weak rulers ruling the empire. Decadence became rampant and army, finance and government administration were neglected.
The last Achaemenid king was Darius III (336 BC - 330 BC), who was defeated by Alexander III of Macedon. After the Macedonian conquest the Persian Empire was annexed by Alexander.
At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Pakistan, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Armenia, Central Asia, Caucasia and the Asian portion of Turkey. At different times, the Achaemenids also ruled Egypt, although the Egyptians twice regained their independence from Persia.
Achaemenid rulers
- Cyrus the Great, ruled from c.550 - 530 BC
- Cambyses, ruled 530 - 521 BC
- Smerdis, ruled 521 BC
- Darius I, ruled 521 -486 BC
- Xerxes I, ruled 486 -465 BC
- Artaxerxes I, ruled 464 - 425 BC
- Darius II, ruled 423 - 404 BC
- Artaxerxes II, ruled 404 - 358 BC (see also Xenophon)
- Artaxerxes III, ruled 358 - 338 BC
- Arses, ruled 338 - 336 BC
- Darius III Codomannus, ruled 336 -330 BC