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| '''Khazaria''' also known as '''Khazar khaganate''' or '''Khazar khanate''' was the country of the ], neighboring the ] in the southwest, ] in the northwest, ] in the north, and ] in the southeast. This ] adopted ] in the 8th or 9th century, becoming the only Jewish state ever without Abrahamic ascendence. | '''Khazaria''' also known as '''Khazar khaganate''' or '''Khazar khanate''' was the country of the ], neighboring the ] in the southwest, ] in the northwest, ] in the north, and ] in the southeast. This ] adopted ] in the 8th or 9th century, becoming the only Jewish state ever without Abrahamic ascendence. | ||
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Khazaria also known as Khazar khaganate or Khazar khanate was the country of the Khazars, neighboring the Byzantine Empire in the southwest, Kievan Rus' in the northwest, Volga Bulgaria in the north, and Azerbaijan in the southeast. This Turkic people adopted Judaism in the 8th or 9th century, becoming the only Jewish state ever without Abrahamic ascendence.
As an independent state, Khazaria existed between about 652 and 1016. Its supreme ruler was known by the title khagan. Its last khagan was named George Tsul. Much of Khazaria was covered by steppe land. Khazaria bordered the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The Volga River (known as Itil or Atil) passed through eastern Khazaria.
Major cities of Khazaria included: