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Revision as of 17:26, 27 July 2007 view sourceKoshyk (talk | contribs)10 edits Correct spelling: Kiev ---> Kyiv (e.g. http://www.uazone.net/Kiev_Kyiv.html)← Previous edit Revision as of 17:30, 27 July 2007 view source Deacon of Pndapetzim (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Administrators39,755 editsm Reverted 1 edit by Koshyk identified as vandalism to last revision by Indon. using TWNext edit →
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<!-- Infobox begins -->
{{Infobox City
|official_name = Kyiv
|other_name = Kyiv
|native_name = Київ
|image_skyline = Kyiv Mikhail Arhangel modern square.jpg
|image_caption = A monument to ], the patron of Kyiv, with [[Maidan

Nezalezhnosti|Independence Square]] in the background
|image_flag = Kyiv flag.png
|image_shield = Kiew-city-COA.PNG
|shield_size = 75px
|image_map = Map of Ukraine political simple city Kiew.png
|map_caption = Map of Ukraine with Kyiv highlighted
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = ]
|subdivision_type1 = ]
|subdivision_name1 = Kyiv City Municipality
|subdivision_type2 = Raion
|subdivision_name2 = ]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = ]
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_total = 4,450,968
|population_density_km2 = 3299
|timezone = EET
|utc_offset = +2
|timezone_DST = EEST
|utc_offset_DST = +3
|latd=50 |latm=27 |lats=00 |latNS=N
|longd=30 |longm=31 |longs=24 |longEW=E
|elevation_m = 179
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = 01xxx-04xxx
|area_code = +380 44
|blank_name = ]
|blank_info = AA (before 2004: КА,КВ,КЕ,КН,КІ,KT)
|blank1_name = ]
|blank1_info = <small>], ], ],<br />], ], [[Chicago,

Illinois|Chicago]],<br />], ], ],<br />], ], ], ],<br

/>], ], ], ],<br />], ], ],<br />],

],<br />], ], ], ],<br />], ], ],<br />

], ], ], ] </small>
|website = http://www.kmr.gov.ua
}}

'''Kyiv''', also '''Kyiv''' (]: {{Audio|Kyiv.ogg|Київ}}, ''Kyyiv'', [[International Phonetic

Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|}}; ]: {{Audio|ru-Kyiv.ogg|Ки́ев}}, ''Kiyev''; see also [[Names of

European cities in different languages: I-L#K|Cities' alternative names]]), is the ] and the largest

city of ], located in the north central part of the country on the ] river. In 2005 Kyiv had 2,660,401

inhabitants,<ref name="Citypop.">. URL accessed

July 28, 2006</ref> and this figure continues to grow.

Kyiv is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural center of ]. It is home to many high-

tech industries, ] institutions and world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive

infrastructure and highly developed system of ], including the ].

The name Kyiv is said to derive from the name of ], one of four legendary founders of the city (brothers Kyi, Shchek,

Khoryv and sister Lybid'). During ], Kyiv, one of the oldest cities in ],

passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city is believed to have been founded in the 5th

century as a trading post in the land of ]. It gradually acquired eminence as the center of the [[Rus'

(people)|East Slavic civilization]], becoming in the tenth to twelfth centuries a political and cultural capital of [[Kyivan

Rus'|Rus']], a ] East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the [[Mongol invasion of Rus|Mongol

invasion]] in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal

importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbors: first the ],

followed by the ] and ]. The city prospered again during the Russian

] in the late 19th century. After the ]

following the ], from 1921 onwards Kyiv was an important city of the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist

Republic]], and, since 1934, its capital. During ], the city again suffered

significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years remaining the third largest city of ].

Following the ] and the ] of 1991, Kyiv remained the capital of

].

== Environment ==
=== Geography ===
] image of Kyiv and the Dnieper River]]

Kyiv is located on both sides of the ], which flows south through the city towards the ]. Its

] are {{coor dms |50|27|00|N|30|31|24|E|type:city(2600000)

_scale:300000_region:ua}}. Geographically, Kyiv belongs to the ] ecological zone (a part of the European mixed

woods). However, the city's unique landscape distinguishes it from the surrounding region. The older right-bank (''western'')

part of Kyiv is represented by numerous woody hills, ravines and small rivers. It is a part of the larger Prydniprovska

(''near-Dnieper'') upland adjoining the western bank of the Dnieper. The city expanded to the Dnieper's left-bank (''to the

east'') only in the 20th century. Significant areas of the Dnieper valley were artificially sand-deposited, and are protected

by ]s.

The Dnieper River forms a branching system of ], isles, and harbors within the city limits. The city

is adjoined by the mouth of the ] and the ] in the north, and the ] in the

south. Both the Dnieper and Desna rivers are ] at Kyiv, although regulated by the reservoir shipping

locks and limited by winter freeze-over.

=== Climate ===
Kyiv has a ] ], although it has changed significantly during recent decades.

The warmest months are June, July, and August, with mean temperatures of 13.8 to 24.8°C (56.9 to 76.7°F). The coldest are

December, January, and February, with mean temperatures of −4.6 to -1.1°C (23.7 to 30.0°F). The highest ever temperature

recorded in the city was 39.4°C (103.0°F) on ] ]. The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city was -

32.2°C (-26.0°F) on ] & ] ]. Snow cover usually lies from mid-November to the end of March,

with the frost-free period lasting 180 days on average, but surpassing 200 days in recent years.<ref name="Beijing">

URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Month
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jan
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Feb
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Mar
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Apr
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | May
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jun
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Jul
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Aug
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Sep
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Oct
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Nov
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Dec
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Year
|-
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Avg high °C (°F)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -3 (27)
| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | -1 (30)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 4 (40)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 14 (57)
| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 21 (69)
| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 24 (74)
| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 25 (76)
| style="background: #FF8800; color: black;" | 24 (75)
| style="background: #FFDD00; color: black;" | 19 (66)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 12 (54)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 4 (40)
| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 0 (32)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 12 (53)
|-
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" height="16;" | Avg low °C (°F)
| style="background: #660099; color: black;" | -8 (17)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -7 (20)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -2 (28)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 5 (41)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 11 (51)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 14 (57)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 15 (59)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 14 (58)
| style="background: #339933; color: black;" | 10 (50)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 5 (41)
| style="background: #9999CC; color: black;" | 0 (32)
| style="background: #6633CC; color: black;" | -5 (24)
| style="background: #99FF33; color: black;" | 4 (40)
|-
! style="background: #CCCCCC; color:#000080;" | Avg rainfall in mm (inches)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 48 (1.9)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 46 (1.8)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 39 (1.5)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 48 (1.9)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 53 (2.1)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 73 (2.9)
| style="background: #2266AA;" | 88 (3.5)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 69 (2.7)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 47 (1.8)
| style="background: #66CCFF;" | 35 (1.4)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 51 (2.0)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 52 (2.0)
| style="background: #2288BB;" | 54 (2.1)
|-
| colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|''Source: World Weather Information Service''<ref>

URL accessed July 29, 2006</ref>
|}

== History ==
{{main|History of Kyiv}}

Kyiv is one of the oldest and most important cities of ] with a pivotal role in the development of the

medieval ] civilization as well as in the modern ].

People have lived on the site of Kyiv since before the existence of any historic records. The settlement at the site of the

modern city may have been founded as early as the fifth or the sixth century AD.<ref name=foundation>In an absense of historic

records the "accepted" date of foundation is often subject to non-historic or even political speculations. Still, the

article in ] states: "
The village that became the modern city may have been founded as early as the 6th century AD." The ]

in states: "It probably existed as a commercial center as early as the 5th

cent."</ref> With the exact time of city foundation being hard to determine, May 1982 was chosen to celebrate the city's

1,500th anniversary.

During the eighth and ninth centuries, Kyiv was an outpost of the ] empire. Starting from some point during the late

ninth century Kyiv was ruled by the ] nobility and became the nucleus of the [[Etymology of Rus and

derivatives|Rus']] polity, which became known as ] during the ] of Kyiv (eleventh to early twelfth

centuries). In 1240 the ] led by ] completely destroyed Kyiv, an event that had a

profound effect on the future of the city and the ]. At the time of the

Mongol destruction, Kyiv was reputed as one of the largest cities in the world, with a population exceeding one hundred

thousand.

From 1362, the area, with a largely diminished city, ] by ] for the

]. From 1569 the city was controlled by the ], as a capital of

], transferred by then to the ]. In the 17th century, was Kyiv

was transferred under rule of ]. In the ] Kyiv was a primary Christian center, the

attraction of piligrims and the craddle of many of the empire's most important religious figures, but until the 19th century

the city's commercial importance remained marginal.

].]]
Kyiv prospered again during the ] in the late nineteenth century when it became the third most

important city of the Russian Empire, the major center of commerce of the Empire's southwest. In the turbulent period

following the ], Kyiv became the capital of several [[Ukrainian People's

Republic|short-lived Ukrainian states]] and was caught in the middle of several conflicts: ], the [[Russian

Civil War]], and the ]. From 1921 the city was a part of ], a founding republic of

]. In 1932-33 the city was affected by the devastating man-made famine known as ]. While there was

no famine for those who had ration cards distributed to workers, thousands of peasants from the rural areas were banned from

the state food stores and were often dying on the streets.<ref>]. The harvest of sorrow: Soviet

collectivization and the terror-famine. New York; Oxford. Oxford University Press, 1986</ref>. Since 1934, Kyiv became the

capital of ]. The city boomed again during the years of the Soviet industrialization as it

population grew rapidly and many industrial giants were built that exist to this day.

In ], the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the

post-war years, becoming once again the third most important city of the Soviet Union. The [[Chernobyl disaster|catastrophic

accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant]] located only some 100 km to the north from the city affected the city, which

had surpassed two million inhabitants, but to a lesser extent than it was feared as the northward wind blew the most

substantial radioactive debris away from the city.

In the wake of the ] the [[Declaration of Independence

of Ukraine]] was proclaimed in the city by the ] on August 24, 1991. Kyiv now remains the capital of

independent ].

== Government ==
{{main|Legal status and local government of Kyiv}}
] building at the ] street.]]

The ] of the city of Kyiv has a unique legal status within Ukraine compared to the other [[subdivisions of

Ukraine|administrative subdivisions of the country]]. The most significant difference is that the city is subordinated

directly to the national-level branches of the ], skipping the ]

of ]. Additionally, the leading governmental position is held by the locally elected, rather than appointed,

figure, the ], and the municipal self-governance institutions have a higher than elsewhere in Ukraine latitude

in the local affairs.

=== Subdivisions ===
{{Main|Subdivisions of Kyiv}}
].]]
Administratively, the city is divided into "]s" ("districts"), which have their local governments with jurisdiction

over a limited scope of affairs. Presently, there are 10 raions.

Besides these, Kyiv is informally divided into historical or territorial neighborhoods, each housing from about 5,000 to

100,000 inhabitants.

The natural first level of subdivision of the city is into the Right Bank and the ] of the

Dnieper. The Right Bank, located on the west side of the river, contains the older portions of the city.

:''See also: ]

== Demographics ==
{{Histpop|
]|846,724|''N/A''|
]|930,000|+9.8%|
]|180,000|-80.6%|
]|1,104,334|+513.5%|
]|1,174,000|+6.3%|
]|2,144,000|+82.6%|
]|2,587,945|+20.7%|
]|2,611,327|+0.9%|
]|2,660,401|+1.8%|
}}

As of the ] conducted in 2001, the population of Kyiv is 2,611,300.<ref>

URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref> Please

consult the table to the right for Kyiv's historical populations.<ref name="Citypop.">[http://www.citypopulation.de/Ukraine-

Cities.html Ukraine City Populations]. URL accessed July 28, 2006</ref> According to the census, the number of men accounted

for 1,219,000 persons, or 46.7%, and that of women – 1,393,000 persons, or 53.3%. The comparison with the results of the

previous census (1989) shows the trend of ] which, while common for the country overall, is partly offset

in Kyiv by the inflow of the migrants of the working age.

According to the census data, more than 130 nationalities and ethnic groups reside within the territory of Kyiv. Ukrainians

constitute the largest ethnic group in Kyiv, and they account for 2,110,800 people, or 82.2% of the population. ]

comprise 337,300 (13.1%), ]s - 17,900 (0.7%), ] - 16,500 (0.6%), ] - 6,900 (0.3%), ] -

4,900 (0.2%), ] - 2,600 (0.1%), ] - 2,500 (0.1%), ] -

2,400 (0.1%), ] - 1,900 (0.1%).

Both ] and ] are commonly spoken in the city, with Russian being

more widely used despite the fact that Ukrainian is claimed as their native tongue by almost three times as many residents as

those who claim Russian.<ref name=CensusKyiv>According to the official ] data


approximately 75% of Kyiv's population responded 'Ukrainian' to the native language (ridna mova) census question, and roughly

25% responded 'Russian'. On the other hand, when the question 'What language do you use in everyday life?' was asked in the

2003 sociological survey, the Kyivans' answers were distributed as follows: 'mostly Russian': 52%, 'both Russian and Ukrainian

in equal measure': 32%, 'mostly Ukrainian': 14%, 'exclusively Ukrainian': 4.3%.<br>{{cite news|first= |last= |author= |url=

http://www.wumag.Kyiv.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20032/72|title=What language is spoken in Ukraine?|work= |publisher=Welcome to

Ukraine|pages= |page= |date= 2003/2|accessdate= }}.</ref> According to a 2006 survey, Ukrainian is used at home by 23% of

Kyivans, as 52% use Russian and 24% switch between both.<ref name=ZerkaloKyiv>"Kyiv: the city, its residents, problems of

today, wishes for tomorrow.", '']'', April 29 - May 12, 2006. [http://www.zerkalo-

nedeli.com/ie/show/596/53322/ in Russian], </ref>

1,069,700 people have higher and complete secondary education, a significant increase 21.7% since 1989.

== Modern Kyiv ==
] of the Kyiv center at night.]]
] from the Instytutska

street.]]

Modern Kyiv is a mix of the old and the new, seen in everything from the architecture to the stores and to the people

themselves. Experiencing fast population growth between the 1970s and the mid-], the city has continued its

consistent growth after the turn of the millennium. As a result, Kyiv's ''"downtown"'' is a dotted picture of new, modern

buildings amongst the pale yellows, blues and grays of the older apartments. Urban sprawl has been gradually reducing, while

population densities of suburbs started increasing. The most expensive properties are located in the ], and

] area. It is also prestigious to own a property in newly constructed buildings in [[Kharkivskyi neighborhood,

Kyiv|Kharkivskyi Raion]] or ] along the Dnieper, as well as in some other better-established areas.

With the Ukrainian independence on the turn of the millennium, other changes came. Western-style residential complexes, hip

]s, classy restaurants and prestigious hotels opened in the center. Music from ] and ]

started rising on Ukrainian music charts. And most importantly, with the easing of the visa rules in 2005,<ref>

ULR accessed on July 30, 2006</ref> Ukraine is

positioning itself as a prime tourist attraction, with Kyiv, among the other large cities, looking to profit from the new

opportunities. The center of Kyiv has been cleaned up and buildings have been restored and redecorated, especially the

] street and the ]. Many historic areas of Kyiv, such as

], have become popular street vendor locations, where one can find traditional [[Art of

Ukraine|Ukrainian art]], religious items, books, game sets (most commonly ]) as well as ] for sale.<ref>

URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref>

*

=== Culture ===
An important part of Kyiv's culture is the many theatres in the city, which include: ], [[Ivan

Franko National Academic Drama Theater]], ], the [[Kyiv Puppet

Theater]], ], [[National Philharmonic Society of Ukraine|National Philharmonic of

Ukraine]] and many others.

Other cultural items include the ], and the ]. The most important of the

] are the Kyiv State Historical Museum, [[Museum of the Great Patriotic War,

Kyiv|Museum of the Great Patriotic War]], the ], the [[Museum of Western

and Oriental Art]] and the ].

In ] Kyiv hosted the ] ] as a result of

] ] being victorious in ].

:''See also: ]

==== Sports ====
] is the most popular spectator sport in Kyiv, followed by ] and ]. Kyiv has

many professional and amateur soccer clubs, including the ] and ], which

both play in the ] of the ]. Other less prominent sport clubs in the

city include: the ] soccer club, the ] hockey club and ] basketball club.
[[Image:Kyiv stadium 1980.jpg|thumb|The Olympic Stadium in 1980 following the reconstruction for the [[1980 Summer

Olympics]]]]

During the ] held in the ], Kyiv held the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of

the football tournament at its ], reconstructed for the event. The stadium is the

largest of Ukrainian stadiums, as well as among Kyiv's 15 stadiums/sport complexes. Initially constructed for audience of

100,000, following the installation of individual seats it can now accommodate 83,053 spectators.<ref name="Beijing">

URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> Other notable sport

stadiums/sport complexes in Kyiv include the ], the ],

among many others.

Kyiv does not only host field games and indoor sports, but also aquatic sports, which take place on the ] at

], and on ] in the Dnieper river, opposite the city center, where there are many fine beaches

and recreational facilities.<ref name="Beijing"> URL

accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> In addition to that, cross country bicycling is another favorite sport, also taking place on

the Trukhaniv Island.

Together with a few other cities of ] and ], Kyiv will house the [[2012 UEFA European Football

Championship]]. Three group matches, a quarter final and the final are scheduled to be played at Kyiv ]

stadium.

:''See also: ]

==== Architecture ====
Probably, Kyiv's most famous historical architecture complexes are ] and

] (Monastery of the Caves), which are ] ]s.

Noteworthy historical architectural landmarks also include the ] (designed and constructed from 1745 to

1752, then reconstructed in 1870), several Orthodox churches such as [[St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery|St. Michael's

Cathedral]], ], ], the reconstructed

], and others.

The cylindrical Salut hotel, located across from Glory Square and an ] at the World War Two memorial [[Tomb of

the Unknown Soldier]]. The giant highly visible from the Dnieper hills ] statue standing at the [[Museum

of the Great Patriotic War, Kyiv|Museum of the Great Patriotic War]] is one of Kyiv's well recognized modern landmarks.

Among Kyiv's best-known monuments are ]'s statue of ] astride his horse

located near ], the venerated ]

(St. Vladimir), the ], overlooking the river above ], the monument to [[Kyi,

Schek and Khoryv]] and Lybid, the legendary founders of the city located at the Dnieper embankment. Finally, two elevated on

the tall columns modern monuments to the city protectors are located at the ] in

the city center: the historic protector of Kyiv ] and a modern invention, the goddess

-protector ].

:''See also: ]

===== Architectural monuments =====
<center>
<gallery>
Image:StMichaelCathedral.jpg|The ], 1998

reconstruction.
Image:Uspensky Sobor.jpg|The Holy Dormition Cathedral of the ], post-1991 reconstruction.
Image:Andreevskaja cerkov.jpg|The ].
Image:Kyiv Sofiakathedraal.jpg|The ].
Image:Vladimirsky Sobor.jpg|The ].
Image:Bogorodica-Pirogoscha.jpg|The Church of Bogoroditsa Pirogoscha in the ] raion, 1998 reconstruction
Image:Olga Monument.jpg|Monument to ]
Image:Kyiv gate 2001 07 09.jpg|The ], 1982 reconstruction.
Image:Verkhovna Rada face.jpg|The ], the Ukrainian parliament.
Image:KyivOpera.jpg|The ].
Image:National Bank of Ukraine.jpg|].
Image:House with chimaeras.jpg|"]"
Image:Kiew Hoehlenkloster Turm.jpg|Pechersk Lavra
Image:Kiew Höhlenkloster Eingang.jpg|Pechersk Lavra
</gallery>
</center>

== Transportation ==
=== Local transportation ===
] station of the ]]]

Public transportation in Kyiv includes metro (subway), ]es, ]es and ]s. The publicly owned and

operated ] system is the fastest, the most convenient and affordable network that covers most, but not all, of

the city. The metro is regularly expanding towards the city limits to cover the growing demand, while the other kinds of

public transport are not that well maintained. In particular, the public ] service fails to maintain its schedule.

Public electric trolleybus and tram lines are more reliable, but are also technically obsolete and underfunded. The historic

], which once were a maintained and densely-developed method of transport, are now gradually being

phased out in favor of buses and trolleys.

One unusual mode of public transportation Kyiv has is a ], that climbs on the steep right bank of

the ]. It provides transport to 10,000-15,000 passengers daily.

All public road transport in Kyiv is operated by the united ''Kyivpastrans''<ref>See also: [http://www.kpt.Kyiv.ua/

''Kyivpastrans'' official website] URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> ] company. It is heavily

subsidized by the city as large groups of passengers (pensioners, etc.) are granted free service on its lines.

].]]

A simple distance-regardless ]s system exists in Kyiv public transport: the tickets for ground transportation are

bought for each entrance into the vehicle. Discount passes are available for scholars and students. Pensioners use public

transportation free. Monthly passes, which are sold at the price of 60 rides, are also available in all combinations of public

transportation: metro, bus, trolley, tram.

Recently, privately owned minibuses, '']s'', occupied Kyiv's streets. They provide good coverage of smaller

residential streets and have routes that are convenient for the residents. Minibuses take fewer passengers, run faster, stop

on demand and are more available, although with an increased frequency of accidents. Ticket price and itinerary of private

minibuses are regulated by city government, and the cost of one ride, while higher than on public buses, is still far lower

than the Western European standard.

The ] market in Kyiv is intensive but not adequately regulated. In particular, the taxi fare per kilometer is

not regulated. There is a strong competition between private taxi companies. Many allow scheduling a pick-up by phone. Also,

it is quite common for a local with a car (or even people from other parts of Ukraine) to provide taxi service unofficially.

]s and lack of parking space are the growing problems for taxi service in Kyiv. Current regulations allow for

parking on pavements, which pedestrians may find inconvenient.

] ]. The [[St Andrew's Church of Kyiv|St. Andrew

Church]] is visible in the background]]

=== Suburban transportation ===
Suburban transportation is provided by buses and short-range trains ('']s''). There are a few bus stations

inside the city providing suburban transportations. Private minibuses (''marshrutkas'') provide faster and more frequent

suburban service, currently winning the competition against large buses.

''Elektrichkas'' are serviced by the publicly owned ] company. The suburban train service is fast, and

unbeatingly safe in terms of traffic accidents. But the trains are not reliable, as they may fail significantly behind

schedule, may not be safe in terms of crime, and the ''elektrichka'' cars are poorly maintained and are overcrowded in [[rush

hour]]s.

There are 5 ''elektrichka'' directions from Kyiv:
* ] (north-eastern)
* ] (south-eastern)
* ] (southern)
* ] (south-western)
* ] (western)

]]]

More than a dozen of ''elektrichka'' stops are located within the city allowing residents of different neighborhoods to use

the suburban trains.

Once existing suburban ]s service is now extinct due to lack of profitability, limiting Kyiv's

water transport for cargo and tourism uses.

=== Railways ===
] are Kyiv’s main kind of outer transport connection. The city has a developed railroad

infrastructure including a long-distance passenger station, 6 cargo stations, depots, and repairing facilities. However, this

system still fails to meet the demand for passenger service. Particularly, the ] is city's

only long-distance passenger terminal (''vokzal''). There is construction underway for a new ] on

the left-bank part of Kyiv, which may easer the tension of the central station.<ref>{{ru icon}}

URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref> [[Kyiv bridges|Bridges

over the Dnieper River]] are another problem restricting the development of city’s railway system. Presently, only one rail

bridge out of two is available for intense train traffic. A new combined rail-auto bridge is under construction, as a part of

Darnytsia project.

=== Air transport ===
[[Image:Boryspil Terminal B inside.jpg|thumb|The expanded ''Terminal B'' within the [[Boryspil Airport|Boryspil International

Airport]]]]

Passenger air link to Kyiv can be made through two of its airports: the ], which is served by the many

international airlines, and a smaller ], serving mostly domestic flights, and few

flights to nearby countries. There is also ] in Kyiv's north-western suburb of

]. The international passenger terminal at Boryspil is quite small, yet modern. A new section of the international

terminal was opened in 2006. There is a separate terminal for domestic flights within walking distance. Passengers traveling

to other cities within Ukraine by air usually stop for a connection at Boryspil, as the other airports in Ukraine such as in

Donetsk, Simferopol, Odessa, provide very limited international connections.

Kyiv is one of the centers of world aviation industry, being a home for ].

] is playing vital role in ukrainian aviation industry Currently, there are expansion plans for

the city's international airport, with construction to begin within the coming years.<ref>{{ru icon}} [http://www.airport-

borispol.Kyiv.ua/rus/actual/razvit.html Airport Borispol Official Site] URL accessed on June 20, 2006</ref>

:''See also: ]

== Tourism ==
] and the Left

Bank of Kyiv in the background. Photo copyright R. Lezhoev]]

=== Attractions in Kyiv ===
It is said that one can walk from one end of Kyiv to the other in the summertime without leaving the shade of its many trees.

Most characteristic are the ]s ({{lang-uk|каштани, ''kashtany''}}).

Kyiv is known as a green city with ] and numerous large and small parks. The

green nature of the city is probably most notable by the overgrown and mostly untouched by urbanization hills on the right

bank along the Dnieper river. There the ] is located, which

offers both indoor and outdoor displays of military history and equipment surrounded by verdant hills overlooking the Dnieper

river.

Among the numerous islands, Venetsianskyi (or ]) is the most habitable. It's accessible by metro or by car, and

includes an amusement park, swimming beaches, boat rentals, and night clubs. The Victory Park (''Park Peremohy'') located near

Darnytsia subway station is a popular destination for strollers, joggers, and cyclists.

Boating, fishing, and water sports are popular pastimes in Kyiv. Since the lakes and rivers freeze over in the winter, ice

fishermen are frequently seen, as are children with their ice skates. However, the peak of summer is when masses of people can

be seen on the shores, swimming or sunbathing, with daytime high temperatures sometimes reaching 30 to 34 ].

The center of Kyiv (Independence Square and Khreschatyk Street) becomes a large outdoor party place at night during summer

months, with thousands of people having a good time in nearby restaurants, clubs and outdoor cafes. The central streets are

closed for auto traffic on weekends and holidays.

Wide varieties of farming products are available in many of Kyiv's farmer markets with the ] located in

the very center of the city being the most famous one. Each residential region has its own market, or ''rynok''. Here one will

find table after table of individuals hawking everything imaginable: vegetables, fresh and smoked meats, fish, cheese, honey,

dairy products such as milk and home-made ''smetana'' (sour cream), ], cut flowers, housewares, tools and hardware,

and clothing. Each of the markets has its own unique mix of products. There is also a popular book market by the [[Petrivka

(Kyiv Metro)|Petrivka metro station]].

At the city's southern outskirts, near the historic ] village, there is an [[Open air museum|outdoor

museum]], officially called the ] It has an area of 1.5

square kilometres. On this terrain, multiple "mini-villages" that represent the traditional countryside architecture of

various regions of Ukraine are built.

Kyiv also has numerous game attractions like bowling, carts, paintball, billiards and even shooting from real weapons.

:''See also: ]''

=== Views of Kyiv ===
<center>
<gallery>
Image:Andriyivskyy Uzviz.jpeg|General view of the ].
Image:Podol.JPG|The ] of the ] raion.
Image:Kreschatik.JPG|], the best known street in Kyiv.
Image:Ukraine elections massprotest 20041122.jpg|] protesters gather at ].
Image:Trapeznaja Lavry.JPG|The ] of the ].
Image:Kyiv History Museum.jpg|The Museum of History.
Image:Founders of Kyiv.jpg|The founders of Kyiv, ].
Image:Kyiv railway station 1.JPG|The new Terminal to the ].
</gallery>
</center>

== Economy ==
Kyiv, as the capital of Ukraine, has major administrative functions, with considerable status in the offices of the ministries

responsible for the economy of Ukraine. Factories in Kyiv are found in all parts of the city, with locations of major

concentrations of industrial organizations located to the west of the city center and on the left bank of the Dnieper River.
:''See also: ], ]''

=== Industrial organizations ===
The Kyiv engineering plants, create their equipment based on metal from the iron and steel areas of [[Dnipropetrovsk

Oblast#Economy|Dnipropetrovshchyna]] and the ] coalfield. These plants in Kyiv make equipment for

chemical works, such as conveyor lines for ], ], ] factories, and also metal-

cutting machines. Other engineering products of Kyiv area include aircraft ''(see: ])'', hydraulic elevators,

electrical instruments, armatures, river-and-sea crafts, motorcycles, and cinematography apparatuses.

Another important sector is the chemical industry, which produces resin products, fertilizers, plastics, and chemical fibers,

made at the ] ] plant on the left bank of Kyiv. Lumber milling and the production of

bricks and reinforced concrete items are another well developed industry. Consumer manufactured goods include cameras ''(see:

]'', thermos flasks, knitwear, footwear, a range of foodstuffs, and hand watches. Kyiv is also a

large publishing centre.

=== Power production ===
Kyiv is supplied by electricity primary from the ], completed in 1968, just upstream of the

city at ], on the ], and from ] thermal electric station. Nowadays, all but a few

regions of Ukraine are interconnected by the Ukrainian electric power grid. Following the ] the

] located 100 km north of Kyiv has been closed. Kyiv also receives its power supply in the

form of natural gas, piped from ]-Pomary-] pipeline.

== Education ==
].]]
Kyiv hosts many universities, the major ones being ],<ref>See

also: URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> the [[Kyiv Polytechnic

Institute|National Technical University "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"]],<ref>See also: [http://ntu-kpi.Kyiv.ua/ KPI official

website] URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> and the ].<ref>See also:

URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> The

total number of institutions of higher education in Kyiv approaches 200,<ref>See also: [http://www.osvita.org.ua/highedu/?

cmd=search&HS%5breg%5d=2&HS%5bp_i%5d=5&HS%5bbutton%5d=go Osvita.org URL accessed on June 20, 2006]</ref> allowing young people

to pursue almost any line of study.
<!---While education remains largely in the hands of the state, private institutions are on the rise. Among private, higher

education institutions that are gaining popularity and reputation are the ] and the [[European

University (Kyiv)|European University]].--->

There are about 500 general secondary schools, evening schools for adults, and specialist technical schools. Scientific

research is conducted in many of the institutes of the higher education and, additionally, in many ]s

affiliated with the ]<ref>See also:

URL accessed on July 28, 2006</ref> and several of [[Cabinet of

Ministers of Ukraine|Ukrainian industrial ministries]]. Kyiv is also noted for its research in medicine and computer science.

There are many libraries in the city with the ] affiliated with the

Academy of Science being the largest and most important one.<ref>[http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/eng/ The Vernadsky National Library

of Ukraine]</ref>

:''See also: ]

== City name evolution ==
[[Image:Kiou1562.jpg|thumb|left|200px|A fragment of ''Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae'' map by Anthony Jenkinson (London 1562)

published by ] in 1570.]]
]'s "New map of Europe, from the latest

authorities" published in "Cary's new universal atlas", London, 1808.]]

Currently, ''Kyiv'' is the traditional English name for the city, but the Ukrainianized version ''Kyiv'' is gaining usage.

As a prominent city with a long history, its English name was subject to gradual evolution. The early English spelling was

derived from ] form ''Kijevъ'' (spelled ''Кієвъ''). According to the legendary

account in the ], the city is named after ] (Кий), who is said to have founded

the city with his ].

In the ] the city was mentioned in published sources as ''Kiou'', ''Kiow'', ''Kiew'', ''Kiovia''. On one of the

oldest English maps of the region ''Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae'' published by ] (London, 1570) the city is

spelled as ''Kiou''. On the map by Guillaume de Beauplan (1650) the name of the city was given as ''Kiiow'', and the region

was named as ''Kÿowia''. In English traveller Joseph Marshall's book ''Travels'' (London, 1772) the city is referred as

''Kiovia''.

The name ''Kyiv'' was used in print as early as in 1804 in the ]'s "New map of Europe, from the latest

authorities" in "Cary's new universal atlas" published in ]. The English travelogue titled ''New Russia: Journey from

Riga to the Crimea by way of Kyiv'', by Mary Holderness was published in 1823. By 1883, the ]

included ''Kyiv'' in a quotation. This name was established on the basis of ] orthography and

pronunciation {{IPA |}}, during a time when Kyiv was a city in a ] of the ].

At the same time the spelling ''Kyiv'', ] version of the ] name for the city

{{IPA|}}, has been used in English-language publications of the Ukrainian diaspora and in some academic publications

concerning Ukraine during much of the twentieth century. Newly-independent Ukraine declared Ukrainian the only [[official

language]] after 1991, and introduced a national Latin-alphabet standard for geographic names in 1995, establishing the use of

the spelling ''Kyiv'' in all official documents issued by the governmental authorities since October 1995. The spelling is

used by the ], ], some foreign ]s and a number of media organizations, notably in

]. On ], ], the United States federal government changed its official spelling of the city name to

Kyiv.<ref> URL accessed

on January 15, 2007</ref> The alternate romanizations ''Kyyiv'' (BGN/PCGN transliteration) and ''Kyjiv'' (scholarly) are also

in use alongside ''Kyiv'' in English-language atlases. This, however, did not affect the usage of most major players in the

English language news media market: ], ], ] and most major live and print media continue to use

Kyiv to this day.

{{See also|Romanization of Ukrainian|Romanization of Russian}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
:'''Bibliography:'''
* Marshall, Joseph. ''Travels Through Germany, Russia, and Poland in the Years 1769 and 1770''. London: J. Almon, 1772;

reprint, New York: Arno Press and the New York Times, 1971. ISBN 0-405-02763-X
*{{cite book
| last = Holderness
| first = Mary
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| year = 1827
| title = New Russia: Journey from Riga to the Crimea, by way of Kyiv; with some account of the colonization, and the manners

and customs of the colonists of New Russia; to which are added notes relating to the Crim Tatars
| publisher = Sherwood, Jones,
| location = London
| id = {{LCCN|49||042378}} <!---ISBN 3-628-28986-5--->
}}
* {{cite news|first= |last= |author= |url= |title=Kyiv: the city, its residents, problems of today, wishes for tomorrow.

|work= |publisher=] |pages= |page= |date=April 29 - May 12, 2006|accessdate= }}. Available online

and



== External links ==
{{sisterlinks|Kyiv}}

'''General'''
<div class="references-small">
*
* - Satellite view of Kyiv
*
* & [http://www.pbase.com/enigmawmn/gallery/Kyiv_view/ ''Kyiv From

Above''] - additional views of the city center
*
*
*{{wikitravel|Kyiv}}
</div>

'''Kyiv or Kyiv?'''
<div class="references-small">
Official documents:
* - Resolution of the Ukrainian commission for legal terminology
* [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2006/74784.htm U.S. Board of Geographic Names Decision to Change Official Spelling of

Kyiv to Kyiv]
Non-official documents:
* — CBC News article about use of city

names
* Fred Weir, , ''[[The Christian

Science Monitor]]'', June 28, 2000
</div>

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Revision as of 17:30, 27 July 2007

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