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{{Kiel infobox}} {{Kiel infobox}}
'''Kiel''' , with a population 233,795, (113,274 male, 120,521 female) is a city in northern ], capital of the ] ]. Located at the ] (]), the city has been one the country's main ] bases since the 1860s. Kiel is a center for German shipbuilders. '''Kiel''' is a city in northern ] and the capital of the ] ]. It has a population of 233,795, (113,274 males, 120,521 females).


Located on the ] (]) at the head of the ''Kieler Förde'' (Kiel fjord), the city has been one the country's main ] bases since the ]. Kiel is a center for German shipbuilders and the eastern terminus of the ].
Kiel was largely destroyed in the Second World War. It was rebuilt, but the city-planners failed to revive the former townscape; Kiel was less meticulously restored than other Schleswig-Holsteinian towns like ] or ]. Sights in Kiel include the ''Nikolaikirche'' (Saint Nikolai, ]/]), the ''Schloss'' (Castle, ], but destroyed and rebuilt in the ]), and the ''Rathaus'' (town hall, ]). Outside Kiel, are beautiful seaside resorts such as Möltenort and Laboe. In Möltenort, at the smallest part of the Kieler Förde (Kiel fjord), a submarine (U Boot 995) monument was erected in 1972. Kiel is the eastern terminus of the ].


Kiel was largely destroyed in the ]. It was rebuilt after the war, but the city-planners failed to revive the former townscape; Kiel was less meticulously restored than other towns in Schleswig-Holstein like ] or ].


Sights in Kiel include:
⚫ Kiel is famous for ] events. Every year the "''Kieler Woche''" is held (since ]), a series of sailing regattas with a cultural framework. In ] and ], when the ] were held in ] and ], respectively, the Olympic ] competitions were held in Kiel.
* The ''Nikolaikirche'' (church of ], ]/])
* ''Der Geistkämpfer'' (The Ghost Fighter), a sculpture by ] in front of the Nikolaikirche
* The ruins of the ''Schloss'' (a ] castle not rebuilt after WWII)
* The ''Rathaus'' (town hall, ])
* a WWII-era ] ] (not open for tourism)

In the vicinity of Kiel are beautiful seaside resorts such as ] and ]. Laboe has an impressive ], as well as the WWII-era submarine ], a popular tourist site since ].

⚫ Kiel is famous for ] events. The "''Kieler Woche''," a week-long series of sailing ]s with a cultural framework, has been held annually each summer since ] (with the exceptions of ]-] and ]-]). In ] and ], when the ] were held in ] and ] respectively, the Olympic ] competitions were held in Kiel.


== History == == History ==


Kiel was originally founded in ] as ''tom Kyle'' by Count ], and granted town rights (''Lübisches Stadtrecht'') in ] by Adolf's eldest son, ]. Kiel was a member of the ] from ] until it was evicted ]. In ], the ''Kieler Umschlag'' was first held, which became the central market for goods and money in Schleswig-Holstein until it began to lose significance from ] on, being held for the last time in ]. Kiel's university, the ], was founded on ] ] by ], duke of ]. Kiel was originally founded in ] as ''tom Kyle'' by Count ], and granted town rights (''Lübisches Stadtrecht'') in ] by Adolf's eldest son, ]. Kiel was a member of the ] from ] until it was evicted in ]. In ], the ''Kieler Umschlag'' was first held, which became the central market for goods and money in Schleswig-Holstein until it began to lose significance from ] on, being held for the last time in ]. Kiel's university, the ], was founded on ] ] by ], duke of ].


From ] to ], the town belonged to the King of ] (as ] and ] were in a ] with Denmark – although not, as sometimes mistakenly stated, adjoined to Denmark). From ] to ], the town belonged to the King of ] (as ] and ] were in a ] with Denmark – although not, as sometimes mistakenly stated, adjoined to Denmark).


After the ] in 1864, it was conquered by an alliance of ] and the ] in the ] of ]. Kiel was annexed by Prussia in ]. After the constitution of ], Kiel was appointed "Imperial War Harbour" ''(Reichskriegshafen)'' by ], and quickly rose in size in the following years, from 18,770 in ] to about 200,000 in ], a development which brought with it the destruction of parts of the old town center and its surroundings. Later on, during ], another 80% of the remaining old town, as well as 72% of all residential and 83% of all industrial areas, were destroyed by ] bomb attacks. During the ] in ], Kiel and the rest of Schleswig and Holstein were conquered by an alliance of the ] and the ]. After the war Kiel was briefly administered by both the Austrians and the Prussians, but the ] in ] led to the annexation of Kiel by Prussia in ]. On ], ] the Prussian king William I based Prussia's Baltic Sea fleet out of Kiel instead of ] (''Gdańsk''). When King William I of Prussia became ] of the ] in ], he designated Kiel and ] as ''Reichskrieghafen'', or "Imperial War Harbours."

Because of its new role as Germany's main naval base, Kiel quickly increased in size in the following years, from 18,770 in ] to about 200,000 in ]. Much of the old town center and other surroundings were leveled and redeveloped to provide for the growing city. Kiel was the site of the sailors' mutiny which sparked the ] in ].

Because of its status as a naval port, Kiel was heavily bombed by the ] during ]; it is estimated that 80% of the remaining old town, 72% of the residential areas, and 83% of the industrial areas were destroyed.


] ]
In ], Kiel was named the seat of government of Schleswig-Holstein, and it officially became the state's capital in ]. The ''Kieler Umschlag'' has been held again yearly since ], now as a festival with music and food stalls, historical costumes, special bread and a wedding, the ''Umschlagshochzeit,'' for which every young bride and groom can apply. In ], Kiel was named the seat of government for Schleswig-Holstein, and it officially became the state's capital in ]. The ''Kieler Umschlag'' has been held again yearly since ]. It is now a festival with music and food stalls, historical costumes, special bread, and a wedding, the ''Umschlagshochzeit,'' for which every young bride and groom can apply.


== Important personalities == == Important personalities ==
Line 56: Line 70:
* ], Finland (]) * ], Finland (])
* ], Poland (]) * ], Poland (])
* ], Estonia (] at that time ]) * ], Estonia (] at that time in the ])
* ], Germany (] at that time ]) * ], Germany (] at that time in the ])
* ], Russia (]) * ], Russia (])
* ], Russia (]) * ], Russia (])


== Economy == == Economy ==
* Kiel is the home of ''HDW ] Deutsche Werft''' GmbH, a ] founded 1838 and famous for its technology building ] since they built the first German submarine '']'' in 1850. HDW is today a subsidiary of ] Marine Systems, the leading German group of shipyards. * Kiel is the home of ''HDW ] Deutsche Werft''' GmbH, a ] founded in ] famed for its construction of ]. HDW built the first German submarine '']'' in ], and is today a subsidiary of ] Marine Systems, the leading German group of shipyards.


== External links == == External links ==

Revision as of 03:13, 17 June 2005

This article is about the city in Germany. There is also Kiel, Wisconsin in the United States of America.

Template:Kiel infobox Kiel is a city in northern Germany and the capital of the Bundesland Schleswig-Holstein. It has a population of 233,795, (113,274 males, 120,521 females).

Located on the Baltic Sea (Bay of Kiel) at the head of the Kieler Förde (Kiel fjord), the city has been one the country's main naval bases since the 1860s. Kiel is a center for German shipbuilders and the eastern terminus of the Kiel Canal.

Kiel was largely destroyed in the Second World War. It was rebuilt after the war, but the city-planners failed to revive the former townscape; Kiel was less meticulously restored than other towns in Schleswig-Holstein like Lübeck or Schleswig.

Sights in Kiel include:

In the vicinity of Kiel are beautiful seaside resorts such as Möltenort and Laboe. Laboe has an impressive Marine Memorial, as well as the WWII-era submarine U-995, a popular tourist site since 1972.

Kiel is famous for sailing events. The "Kieler Woche," a week-long series of sailing regattas with a cultural framework, has been held annually each summer since 1882 (with the exceptions of 1915-1919 and 1940-1946). In 1936 and 1972, when the Olympic Games were held in Berlin and Munich respectively, the Olympic yachting competitions were held in Kiel.

History

Kiel was originally founded in 1233 as tom Kyle by Count Adolf IV of Schauenburg, and granted town rights (Lübisches Stadtrecht) in 1242 by Adolf's eldest son, Johann I. Kiel was a member of the Hanseatic League from 1284 until it was evicted in 1518. In 1431, the Kieler Umschlag was first held, which became the central market for goods and money in Schleswig-Holstein until it began to lose significance from 1850 on, being held for the last time in 1900. Kiel's university, the Christian-Albrechts-Universität, was founded on September 29 1665 by Christian Albrecht, duke of Gottorf.

From 1773 to 1864, the town belonged to the King of Denmark (as Schleswig and Holstein were in a personal union with Denmark – although not, as sometimes mistakenly stated, adjoined to Denmark).

During the Second War of Schleswig in 1864, Kiel and the rest of Schleswig and Holstein were conquered by an alliance of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. After the war Kiel was briefly administered by both the Austrians and the Prussians, but the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 led to the annexation of Kiel by Prussia in 1867. On 24 March, 1865 the Prussian king William I based Prussia's Baltic Sea fleet out of Kiel instead of Danzig (Gdańsk). When King William I of Prussia became Kaiser William I of the German Empire in 1871, he designated Kiel and Wilhelmshaven as Reichskrieghafen, or "Imperial War Harbours."

Because of its new role as Germany's main naval base, Kiel quickly increased in size in the following years, from 18,770 in 1864 to about 200,000 in 1910. Much of the old town center and other surroundings were leveled and redeveloped to provide for the growing city. Kiel was the site of the sailors' mutiny which sparked the German Revolution in late 1918.

Because of its status as a naval port, Kiel was heavily bombed by the Allies during World War II; it is estimated that 80% of the remaining old town, 72% of the residential areas, and 83% of the industrial areas were destroyed.

Schleswig-Holstein Parliament, November 2004

In 1946, Kiel was named the seat of government for Schleswig-Holstein, and it officially became the state's capital in 1972. The Kieler Umschlag has been held again yearly since 1975. It is now a festival with music and food stalls, historical costumes, special bread, and a wedding, the Umschlagshochzeit, for which every young bride and groom can apply.

Important personalities

Buildings and Constructions

Famous residents

Important historic mayors and lord mayors of Kiel

Lord mayors after World War II

Twin towns

Economy

External links

Categories: