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	{{Infobox_Scientist
	\| name = Euclid
	\| image = Euklid-von-Alexandria 1.jpg
	\| image_width = 200px
	\| caption =
	\| birth_date = ] 300 BC
	\| residence = ], ]
	\| nationality = ]
	\| field = ]
	\| known_for = '']''
	}}

	'''Euclid''' (]: '''{{polytonic\|Εὐκλείδης -- Eukleidis}}'''), also known as '''Euclid of Alexandria''', "The Father of Geometry" was a ] ] of the ] period who flourished in ], ], almost certainly during the reign of ] (]-]).He was born in Greece. His ] is the most successful ] in the ]. In it, the principles of ] are deduced from a small set of ]s. Furthermore, Euclid's method of proving mathematical ]s by ]al ] from accepted first principles remains the
	backbone of mathematics and is responsible for that field's characteristic ] (''see ]''). Although best-known for its geometric results, the ''Elements'' also includes various results in ], such as the connection between ] and ], the proof of the infinitude of ]s, ] on factorization (which leads to the ] on uniqueness of ]), and the ] for finding the ] of two numbers.

	Euclid also wrote works on ], ]s, ], and possibly ].

	==Other works==
	In addition to the ''Elements'', five works of Euclid have survived to the present day.
	* '']'' deals with the nature and implications of "given" information in geometrical problems; the subject matter is closely related to the first four books of the ''Elements''.
	* ''On Divisions of Figures'', which survives only partially in ] translation, concerns the division of geometrical figures into two or more equal parts or into parts in given ]s. It is similar to a ] (AD) work by ]
	* ''Optics'', the earliest surviving ] treatise on ], contains propositions on the apparent sizes and shapes of objects viewed from different distances and angles.
	* '']'', which concerns the mathematical theory of mirrors, particularly the images formed in plane and spherical concave mirrors.

	All of these works follow the basic logical structure of the ''Elements'', containing definitions and proved propositions.

	There are four works credibly attributed to Euclid which have been lost.
	* ''Conics'' was a work on ]s that was later extended by ] into his famous work on the subject.
	* '']s'' might have been an outgrowth of Euclid's work with conic sections, but the exact meaning of the title is controversial.
	* ''Pseudaria'', or ''Book of Fallacies'', was an elementary text about errors in ].
	* ''Surface Loci'' concerned either ] (sets of points) on surfaces or loci which were themselves surfaces; under the latter interpretation, it has been hypothesized that the work might have dealt with ].
	Alek also worked as a pornstar in favour with Euclid

	==Biographical sources==
	Little is known about Euclid other than his writings. What little biographical information we do have comes largely from commentaries by ] and ]: Euclid was active at the great ] and may have studied at ]'s ] in ]. Euclid's exact lifespan and place of birth are unknown. Some writers in the ] confused him with ], a Greek ] ] who lived approximately one century earlier.

	==Tributes==
	;Astronomical
	*] is an ] named after Euclid
	*] (7.4S, 29.5W, 12km dia, 1.3 km depth) is a ] named after him.

	;Place names
	*Many cities and towns have a street called "Euclid Street" or "Euclid Avenue"; the most well-known is ] in ].
	*In ], Euclid Avenue runs parallel to Napier Avenue, a street that shares its name with the 17th century mathematician ].
	*The city of ], population 52,000+, a suburb of Cleveland, Ohio.
	*In ] there is a Euclid Middle school located on Euclid Avenue

	;Poetry
	*"Euclid Alone Has Looked on Beauty Bare", a poem written by ] in ].

	;Other
	*The Euclid math competition, from the ].

	;Popular culture
	*Euclid was ranked #14 in ]'s book, '']''.
	*"Euclid" is the name of a town in the ] game, '']''
	*"Euclid" was the computer's name in the movie '']''
	*"Euclid is the UK Cultural Contact Point in Britain, which produces the popular website www.culture.info

	==See also==
	* ]

	==References==
	* Artmann, Benno (1999). ''Euclid: The Creation of Mathematics''. New York: Springer. ISBN 0-387-98423-2.
	* Bulmer-Thomas, Ivor (1971). "Euclid". ''Dictionary of Scientific Biography.''
	* Heath, Thomas L. (1956). ''The Thirteen Books of Euclid's Elements'', Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-60088-2: includes extensive commentaries on Euclid and his work in the context of the history of mathematics that preceded him.
	* Heath, Thomas L. (1981). ''A History of Greek Mathematics'', 2 Vols. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-24073-8 / ISBN 0-486-24074-6.
	* Kline, Morris (1980). ''Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502754-X.
	* {{MacTutor Biography\|id=Euclid}}

	==External links==
	{{wikiquote}}
	{{Commonscat}}
	*, All thirteen books, with interactive diagrams using Java. ]
	*, with the original Greek and an English translation on facing pages (includes PDF version for printing) (only the first ten books). ].
	* ] in ancient Greek (typeset in PDF format, public domain, available in print at ] as .)
	*, All thirteen books, in Spanish and Catalan.
	* 1482, Venice. From ].
	* 888 AD, Byzantine. From ].
	* With extensive bibliography.
	* Heiberg's edition of the Greek with Latin translation (public domain). PDF scans of all 13 books.
	<!-- Metadata: see ] -->

	{{Persondata
	\|NAME=Euclid
	\|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Euclid of Alexandria; Εὐκλείδης (Greek)
	\|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Greek mathematician
	\|DATE OF BIRTH=325 BCE
	\|PLACE OF BIRTH=
	\|DATE OF DEATH=265 BCE
	\|PLACE OF DEATH=
	}}

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Revision as of 18:11, 7 September 2007

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