Sheffield: Difference between revisions

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	'''Sheffield''' is the fourth largest ] in ]. It is the only city in ], and was formerly part of the West Riding of ] and of the ] shire of ]. It is located at 53°23' North, 1°28' West. The ] states that Sheffield has a population of 513,234.		'''Sheffield''' is the fourth largest ] in ]. It is the only city in ], and was formerly part of the West Riding of ] and of the ] shire of ]. It is located at 53°23' North, 1°28' West. The ] states that Sheffield has a population of 513,234.

			==People==
	People from Sheffield are called Sheffielders. They are also colloquially know as "Dee-dars" (apparently after the tonal qualities of their accent), although the term is in decline and is not nearly as prevalent as "]" is for "]" or "]" is for "]".		People from Sheffield are called Sheffielders. They are also colloquially know as "Dee-dars" (apparently after the tonal qualities of their accent), although the term is in decline and is not nearly as prevalent as "]" is for "]" or "]" is for "]".

			==Geography==
⚫	~~The city~~ was initially founded as a settlement in the ], possibly as a defence against the ].
		⚫	The city nestles in a natural amphitheatre of seven hills, at the confluence of the rivers ] and ]. Directly to the west is the ] and the ] hill-range.

			==History==
⚫	It nestles in a natural amphitheatre of seven hills, at the confluence of the rivers ] and ]. Directly to the west is the ] and the ] hill-range.
		⚫	Sheffield was initially founded as a settlement in the ], possibly as a defence against the ].

	In the ], ] built a wooden castle around which the city grew. The subsequent stone-built castle was destroyed at the end of the ] and stood at the site now occupied by the Castle Market buildings.		In the ], ] built a wooden castle around which the city grew. The subsequent stone-built castle was destroyed at the end of the ] and stood at the site now occupied by the Castle Market buildings.

		⚫	Some ] legends link the character to the Sheffield region, not least the associating of "Robert of Locksley" to the Sheffield region of ], and the proximity of the city to the "Barnsdale" Forest.

			==Industry==
	By the ], Sheffield was becoming noted for its manufacture of quality ], and ] miller carried a Sheffield ] in the ]. By the ], the city was producing a wide variety of ], and it was ]'s invention of ] (silver-plated copper), in the early ], that made Sheffield world renowned. Cutlery made of Sheffield ] was regarded highly in ] England.		By the ], Sheffield was becoming noted for its manufacture of quality ], and ] miller carried a Sheffield ] in the ]. By the ], the city was producing a wide variety of ], and it was ]'s invention of ] (silver-plated copper), in the early ], that made Sheffield world renowned. Cutlery made of Sheffield ] was regarded highly in ] England.

	Sheffield has an international reputation for ]-making, which dates from ], when ] discovered the ] for steel manufacture. This process was made obsolete in 1856 by ]'s invention of the ] which allowed the mass production of steel. Bessemer moved his Bessemer Steel Company to Sheffield to be at the		Sheffield has an international reputation for ]-making, which dates from ], when ] discovered the ] for steel manufacture. This process was made obsolete in 1856 by ]'s invention of the ] which allowed the mass production of steel. Bessemer moved his Bessemer Steel Company to Sheffield to be at the heart of the industry. The last major Sheffield steel invention was that of ] by ] in ].
	heart of the industry. The last major Sheffield steel invention was that of
	] by ] in ].

	While iron and steel have always been the main industries of Sheffield, ] ] has been a major feature of the outlying areas, and the ] in ] was built using ] from quarries in the nearby village of ].		While iron and steel have always been the main industries of Sheffield, ] ] has been a major feature of the outlying areas, and the ] in ] was built using ] from quarries in the nearby village of ].

		⚫	==Sport==
	Sheffield has a long sporting heritage. In ], a collective of cricketers joined with pupils from Collingswood School to form the first ever ] club: ], and by 1860 there were 15 football clubs in Sheffield. There are now only two local clubs in the ]: ] and ].		Sheffield has a long sporting heritage. In ], a collective of cricketers joined with pupils from Collingswood School to form the first ever ] club: ], and by 1860 there were 15 football clubs in Sheffield. There are now only two local clubs in the ]: ] and ].

		⚫	Sheffield also has close ties with ], due to the fact that the city's ] is the venue for the World Snooker Championships. It also boasts the ] ] and ] ] teams.

			==Music==
	Sheffield has been the home of several well known bands and musicians, with an unusually large number of ] and other ] outfits hailing from there. These include the ], ], the ] and the more ] inclined ]. This electronic tradition has continued, with ] and ], one of the leading lights of so-called ], also basing themselves in Sheffield. The city is also home to The Republic and Bed, two of the most popular ]s in the north of England.		Sheffield has been the home of several well known bands and musicians, with an unusually large number of ] and other ] outfits hailing from there. These include the ], ], the ] and the more ] inclined ]. This electronic tradition has continued, with ] and ], one of the leading lights of so-called ], also basing themselves in Sheffield. The city is also home to The Republic and Bed, two of the most popular ]s in the north of England.

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	The city's ties with music were acknowledged in 1999, when the ], a ] dedicated to the subject of ] was opened. However, it did not prove popular and soon closed. After a stint as a live music venue followed by a period of disuse, it was announced in February 2003 that the unusual steel-covered building would be given over to the ] at ]. Sheffield's other university is the ].		The city's ties with music were acknowledged in 1999, when the ], a ] dedicated to the subject of ] was opened. However, it did not prove popular and soon closed. After a stint as a live music venue followed by a period of disuse, it was announced in February 2003 that the unusual steel-covered building would be given over to the ] at ]. Sheffield's other university is the ].

			==Transport==
⚫	Sheffield also has close ties with ], due to the fact that the city's ] is the venue for the World Snooker Championships.
		⚫	The city has a tram system, known as the "]", operated by Stagecoach. It also has excellent ] services, and a major station, ].

⚫	The city has a tram system, known at the "]", operated by Stagecoach.

⚫	Some ] legends link the character to the Sheffield region, not least the associating of "Robert of Locksley" to the Sheffield region of ], and the proximity of the city to the "Barnsdale" Forest.

	The films '']'' and '']'' were based in the city.		The films '']'' and '']'' were based in the city.

			==Localities==
	Settlements in the borough of Sheffield include:		Settlements in the borough of Sheffield include:
	:], ]		:], ]
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	:], ], ]		:], ], ]
	:], ]		:], ]
	:], ]		:], ]
	:]		:]
	:]		:]
	:], ], ]		:], ], ]
	:]		:]
	:], ]		:]
	:], ], ]		:], ], ]
	:], ]		:], ]
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	:], ], ]		:], ], ]

			==Buildings==
	Notable buildings in Sheffield include:		Notable buildings in Sheffield include:
	:], ]		:], ]
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	:]		:]
	:]		:]

⚫	==~~Roads~~==

	Ecclesall Road is one of the main arteries leading out to the south of Sheffield and up through the neighbourhoods of Hunters Bar, Banner Cross, Millhouses and Door and ultimately leading out to the south Sheffield countryside.

	==External link==		==External link==

Revision as of 14:40, 15 October 2003

Sheffield Town Hall and the Peace Gardens.

Sheffield is the fourth largest city in England. It is the only city in South Yorkshire, and was formerly part of the West Riding of Yorkshire and of the Saxon shire of Hallamshire. It is located at 53°23' North, 1°28' West. The 2001 Census states that Sheffield has a population of 513,234.

People

People from Sheffield are called Sheffielders. They are also colloquially know as "Dee-dars" (apparently after the tonal qualities of their accent), although the term is in decline and is not nearly as prevalent as "Scouse" is for "Liverpudlian" or "Geordie" is for "Novocastrian".

Geography

The city nestles in a natural amphitheatre of seven hills, at the confluence of the rivers Don and Sheaf. Directly to the west is the Peak District National Park and the Pennine hill-range.

History

Sheffield was initially founded as a settlement in the iron ages, possibly as a defence against the Romans.

In the 12th century, Willam de Lovetot built a wooden castle around which the city grew. The subsequent stone-built castle was destroyed at the end of the English Civil War and stood at the site now occupied by the Castle Market buildings.

Some Robin Hood legends link the character to the Sheffield region, not least the associating of "Robert of Locksley" to the Sheffield region of Loxley, and the proximity of the city to the "Barnsdale" Forest.

Industry

By the 14th century, Sheffield was becoming noted for its manufacture of quality knives, and Chaucer's miller carried a Sheffield knife in the Canterbury Tales. By the 16th century, the city was producing a wide variety of cutlery, and it was Thomas Boulsover's invention of Sheffield Plate (silver-plated copper), in the early 18th century, that made Sheffield world renowned. Cutlery made of Sheffield steel was regarded highly in 19th century England.

Sheffield has an international reputation for steel-making, which dates from 1740, when Benjamin Huntsman discovered the crucible technique for steel manufacture. This process was made obsolete in 1856 by Henry Bessemer's invention of the blast furnace which allowed the mass production of steel. Bessemer moved his Bessemer Steel Company to Sheffield to be at the heart of the industry. The last major Sheffield steel invention was that of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in 1912.

While iron and steel have always been the main industries of Sheffield, coal mining has been a major feature of the outlying areas, and the Palace of Westminster in London was built using limestone from quarries in the nearby village of Anston.

Sport

Sheffield has a long sporting heritage. In 1855, a collective of cricketers joined with pupils from Collingswood School to form the first ever football club: Sheffield F.C., and by 1860 there were 15 football clubs in Sheffield. There are now only two local clubs in the Football League: Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday.

Sheffield also has close ties with snooker, due to the fact that the city's Crucible Theatre is the venue for the World Snooker Championships. It also boasts the Sheffield Eagles rugby league and Sheffield Steelers ice hockey teams.

Music

Sheffield has been the home of several well known bands and musicians, with an unusually large number of synth pop and other electronic outfits hailing from there. These include the Human League, Heaven 17, the Thompson Twins and the more industrially inclined Cabaret Voltaire. This electronic tradition has continued, with Moloko and Autechre, one of the leading lights of so-called intelligent dance music, also basing themselves in Sheffield. The city is also home to The Republic and Bed, two of the most popular nightclubs in the north of England.

Sheffield has also seen the birth of Pulp (probably currently the most famous group from Sheffield), Def Leppard, Joe Cocker and the free improvisors Derek Bailey and Tony Oxley.

The city's ties with music were acknowledged in 1999, when the National Centre for Popular Music, a museum dedicated to the subject of popular music was opened. However, it did not prove popular and soon closed. After a stint as a live music venue followed by a period of disuse, it was announced in February 2003 that the unusual steel-covered building would be given over to the student union at Sheffield Hallam University. Sheffield's other university is the University of Sheffield.

Transport

The city has a tram system, known as the "Sheffield Supertram", operated by Stagecoach. It also has excellent bus services, and a major station, Sheffield Midland station.

The films The Full Monty and Threads were based in the city.