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JEW PEDELHILIA
{{Infobox Language
|name = Armenian
|nativename = Հայերեն ''Hayeren''
|familycolor = Indo-European
|states = ], ] <small>''(]'' a republic, de-jure part of ])</small>, and the ]
|speakers = 7 million
|rank = 87
|nation = ], ]
|agency = ]
|iso1=hy |iso2b=arm |iso2t=hye |iso3=hye
|script = ]
}}
The '''Armenian language''' ({{lang|hy|հայերեն լեզու}}, {{IPA2|hajɛɹɛn lɛzu}} — ''{{ISOtranslit|hayeren lezu|hy}},'' conventional short form ''{{ISOtranslit|hayeren|hy}})'' is an ] spoken by the ]. It is the official language of the ] as well as ] (a de facto republic but de-jure part of ]). The language is also widely spoken by Armenian communities in the ].

Linguists standardly classify Armenian as an independent branch of the Indo-European language family. Some Indo-Europeanists, notably Clackson (1994), have proposed that Armenian may have been grouped together with the Hellenic branch (]). This is called the ], in combination with a ] hypothesis (], Clackson and Fortson 1994).

==History==
{{History of the Armenian language}}

===Origins===
{{main|Proto-Armenian}}
{{See also|Armenian hypothesis}}
The Armenian language dates to the early period of Indo-European differentiation and dispersion some 5000 years ago, or perhaps as early as 7,800 years ago according to some recent research. <ref>Nicholas Wade, "Biological dig for the roots of language," International Herald Tribune, (March 18, 2004) 10; Gray & Atkinson, "Anatolian Theory of Indo-European origin," 437.</ref>

====Graeco-Armenian hypothesis====
{{main|Graeco-Armenian hypothesis}}
Armenian is regarded by some linguists as a close relative of ]. Many scholars such as Clackson (1994) hold that ] is the most closely related surviving language to Armenian. The characteristically Greek representation of word-initial ] by prothetic vowels is shared by Armenian, which also shares other phonological and morphological peculiarities of Greek. The close relatedness of Armenian and Greek sheds light on the ] nature of the ]. Armenian also shares major ]es with Greek; some linguists propose that the linguistic ancestors of the Armenians and Greeks were either identical or in a close contact relation. However other linguists including Fortson (2004) comment "by the time we reach our earliest Armenian records in the 5th century A.D., the evidence of any such early kinship has been reduced to a few tantalizing pieces."

====Speculations on Anatolian influence====
{{Indo-European topics}}
W. M. Austin in 1942 concluded<ref>{{cite journal
| last =Austin
| first =William M.
| title =Is Armenian an Anatolian Language?:Language, Vol. 18, No. 1
| publisher =Linguistic Society of America
| date =Jan. - Mar., 1942
| pages =22-25
| doi =10.2307/409074}}
</ref> that there was an early contact between Armenian and ], based on what he considered common archaisms, such as the lack of a feminine, the absence of inherited long vowels and the ] character.

===Iranian influence===
The Classical Armenian language (often referred to as grabar, literally "written (language)") imported numerous words from Middle Iranian languages, primarily ], and contains smaller inventories of borrowings from Greek, Syriac, Latin, and autochthonous languages such as ]. Middle Armenian (11th–15th centuries AD) incorporated further loans from Arabic, Turkish, Persian, and Latin, and the modern dialects took in hundreds of additional words from Modern Turkish and Persian. Therefore, determining the historical evolution of Armenians is particularly difficult because Armenian borrowed many words from ] and ] (both ]) as well as from Greek.

The large percentage of loans from Iranian languages initially led linguists to classify Armenian as an Iranian language. The distinctness of Armenian was only recognized when Hübschmann (1875) used the ] to distinguish two layers of Iranian loans from the true Armenian vocabulary. The two modern literary dialects, Western (originally associated with writers in the Ottoman Empire) and Eastern (originally associated with writers in the Russian Empire), removed almost all of their Turkish lexical influences in the 20th century, primarily following the ].

==Phonology==
=== Vowels ===
{{Armenians}}
Modern Armenian has eight monophthong vowel sounds.

{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan=2| ]
! rowspan=2| ]
! colspan=2| ]
|-
!|| ] || ] || ] || ]
|-
! align="left" | ]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|]}}
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|]}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|]}}
|-
! align="left" | ]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|]}}
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|]}}
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|]}}
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center;" | {{IPA|]}}
|-
! align="left" | ]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | {{IPA|]}}
| &nbsp;
|}

] distinguishes seven vowels:
{{IPA|/a/}}, {{IPA|/ɪ/}}, {{IPA|/ə/}} (]), {{IPA|/ɛ/}} (open ''e''), {{IPA|/e/}} (closed ''e''), {{IPA|/o/}}, and {{IPA|/u/}} (transcribed as ''a'', ''i'', ''ə'', ''e'', ''ē'', ''o'', ''ow'' and ''u'' respectively).

<!--Could an expert please put the Armenian rendition of each vowel next to each phoneme?-->

=== Consonants ===

The following table lists the Eastern Armenian consonantal system. The ] and ]s have a special aspirated series (transcribed with a Greek '']'' after the letter): ''{{unicode|p῾}}'', ''{{unicode|t῾}}'', ''{{unicode|c῾}}'', ''{{unicode|č῾}}'', ''{{unicode|k῾}}''. Each phoneme in the table is represented by three symbols. The topmost indicates the phoneme's pronunciation in ] (IPA); below that appears the corresponding letter of the ]; and the bottom symbol is its ] ] (according to ]).

{| class="wikitable"
! &nbsp;
!]
!]
!]
!]
!]
!] /<br />]
!]
|-
| ''']'''
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | p&nbsp;&nbsp;b}}<br /> պ&nbsp;&nbsp;բ<br /> p&nbsp;&nbsp;b
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | t&nbsp;&nbsp;d}}<br /> տ&nbsp;&nbsp;դ<br /> t&nbsp;&nbsp;d
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | k&nbsp;&nbsp;g}}<br /> կ&nbsp;&nbsp;գ<br /> k&nbsp;&nbsp;g
| &nbsp;
|-
| '''] plosive'''
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | pʰ}}<br /> փ<br /> p‘
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | tʰ}}<br /> թ<br /> t‘
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | kʰ}}<br /> ք<br /> k‘
| &nbsp;
|-
| ''']'''
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | m}}<br /> մ<br /> m
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | n}}<br /> ն<br /> n
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| ''']'''
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | f&nbsp;&nbsp;v}}<br /> ֆ&nbsp;&nbsp;վ<br /> f&nbsp;&nbsp;v
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | s&nbsp;&nbsp;z}}<br /> ս&nbsp;&nbsp;զ<br /> s&nbsp;&nbsp;z
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | ʃ&nbsp;&nbsp;ʒ}}<br /> շ&nbsp;&nbsp;ժ<br /> š&nbsp;&nbsp;ž
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | χ&nbsp;&nbsp;ʁ}}<br /> խ&nbsp;&nbsp;ղ<br /> x&nbsp;&nbsp;ġ
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | h}}<br /> հ<br /> h
|-
| ''']'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | t͡s&nbsp;&nbsp;d͡z}}<br /> ծ&nbsp;&nbsp;ձ<br /> ç&nbsp;&nbsp;j
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | t͡ʃ&nbsp;&nbsp;t͡ʒ}}<br /> ճ&nbsp;&nbsp;ջ<br /> č̣&nbsp;&nbsp;j
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| '''aspirated affricate'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | t͡sʰ}}<br /> ց<br /> c‘
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | t͡ʃʰ}}<br /> չ<br /> č
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| ''']'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | ɹ}}<br /> ր<br /> r
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA | j}}<br /> -յ-<br /> y
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| ''']'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|r<br /> ռ<br /> {{IPA|ṙ}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| ''']'''
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA | l}}<br /> լ<br /> l
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}

==Morphology==
{{expand-section|date=January 2007}}
]
Armenian corresponds with other Indo-European languages in its structure, but it shares distinctive sounds and features of its grammar with neighboring languages of the ] region. Armenian is rich in combinations of consonants. Both classical Armenian and the modern spoken and literary dialects have a complicated system of declining nouns, with six or seven noun cases but no gender. In modern Armenian the use of auxiliary verbs to show tense (comparable to will in "he will go") has generally supplemented the inflected verbs of classical Armenian. Negative verbs are conjugated differently from positive ones (as in English "he goes" and "he does not go"). Grammatically, early forms of Armenian had much in common with classical ] and ], but the modern language, like modern Greek, has undergone many transformations. Interestingly enough, it shares the common ''-tion'' suffix with Latin (the Armenian cognate is ''t'youn'', թյուն).

] studied the Armenian language. He helped to compile an Armenian grammar textbook and translated a few Armenian books into English.

===Noun===
Classical Armenian has no ], not even in the pronoun. The nominal inflection, however, preserves several types of inherited stem classes. The noun may take seven cases, ], ], ], ], ], ], ].

===Verb===
{{Main|Armenian verbs}}

Verbs in Armenian have an expansive system of ] with two main verb types (three in Western Armenian) changing form based on ], ] and ].

==Dialects==
The major division is between the Eastern and Western dialects. The most distinctive feature of Western Armenian is that it has undergone several phonetic mergers; these may be due to proximity to Arabic and Turkish-speaking communities.

For example, Eastern Armenian speakers pronounce ({{lang|hy|թ}}) as an aspirated "t" as in "tiger", ({{lang|hy|դ}}) like the "d" in "develop", and ({{lang|hy|տ}}) as an unaspirated voiceless stop, sounding somewhere between the two as in "s'''t'''op." Western Armenian has simplified the stop system into a simple division between voiced stops and voiceless aspirate ones; the first series corresponds to the unaspirated voiceless series of Eastern Armenian, and the second corresponds to the Eastern voiced and aspirated voiceless series. Thus, the Western dialect pronounces both ({{lang|hy|թ}}) and ({{lang|hy|դ}}) as an aspirated "t" as in "tiger," and the ({{lang|hy|տ}}) letter is pronounced like the letter "d" as in "develop."

There is no precise linguistic border between one dialect and another because there is nearly always a dialect transition zone of some size between pairs of geographically identified dialects). The main difference between both blocks are:
*''']''' (''Arevm'tahayeren''):
** example
*''']''' (''Arevelahayeren''):
** example

Armenian can be subdivided in two major dialectal blocks and those blocks into individual dialects, though many of the Western Armenian dialects have died due to the effects of the Armenian Genocide. In addition, neither dialect is completely homogeneous: any dialect can be subdivided into several subdialects. While Western and Eastern Armenian are often described as different dialects of the same language, some subdialects are not readily mutually intelligible. It is true, however, that a fluent speaker of two greatly varying subdialects who are exposed to the other dialect over even a short period of time will be able to understand the other with relative ease.

''English - Eastern Armenian''
*Yes = Ayo ({{lang|hy|այո}})
*No = Voch ({{lang|hy|ոչ}})
*Excuse me = Neroghoutioun ({{lang|hy|ներողություն}})
*Hello = Barev ({{lang|hy|բարեւ}})
*Please = Khntrem ({{lang|hy|խնդրեմ}})
*Thank you = Shnorhakal em ({{lang|hy|շնորհակալ եմ}})
*Thank you very much = Shat shnorhakal em ({{lang|hy|շատ շնորհակալ եմ}})
*Welcome = Bari galust ({{lang|hy|բարի գալուստ}}) / Barov eq yekel
*Goodbye = Tstesoutioun ({{lang|hy|ցտեսություն}})
*Good morning = Bari louys ({{lang|hy|բարի լույս}})
*Good afternoon = Bari or ({{lang|hy|բարի օր}})
*Good evening = Bari yereko ({{lang|hy|բարի երեկո}})
*Good night = Bari gisher ({{lang|hy|բարի գիշեր}})
*I love you = Yes sirum em qez ({{lang|hy|ես սիրում եմ քեզ}})

''English - Western Armenian''
*Yes = Ayo ({{lang|hy|այո}})
*No = Voch ({{lang|hy|ոչ}})
*Excuse me = Neroghoutioun ({{lang|hy|ներողութիւն}})
*Hello = Parev ({{lang|hy|բարեւ}})
*Please = Khntrem ({{lang|hy|խնդրեմ}})
*Thank you = Shnorhagal em ({{lang|hy|շնորհակալ եմ}})
*Thank you very much = Shad shnorhagal em ({{lang|hy|շատ շնորհակալ եմ}})
*Welcome = Pari yegar / Pari yegak ({{lang|hy|բարի եկար / բարի եկաք}})
*Goodbye = Tsdesoutioun ({{lang|hy|ցտեսութիւն}})
*Good morning = Pari louys ({{lang|hy|բարի լոյս}})
*Good afternoon = Pari or ({{lang|hy|բարի օր}})
*Good evening = Parirgoun / Pari irigoun ({{lang|hy|բարի իրկուն / բարի իրիկուն}})
*Good night = Kisher pari ({{lang|hy|գիշեր բարի}})

==Indo-European linguistic comparison==
Armenian is an ], and so many of its ]-descended words are ]s of words in other Indo-European languages such as ], ], ], and ]. This table lists only some of the more recognizable cognates that Armenian shares with English (more specifically, with English words descended from the ]). (Source: Online Etymology Dictionary.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=a |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=etymonline.com |accessdate=2007-06-07}}</ref>)
{| class="wikitable"
! Armenian || ]|| ] || ] || ] ||]
|-
| '''mayr''' "mother" || '''mother''' (< ] ''modor'')|| '''mater''' "mother"|| '''meter''' "mother"|| '''matar''' "mother" || '''{{PIE|*mater-}}''' "mother"
|-
| '''hayr''' "father" || '''father''' (< ] ''fæder'')|| '''pater''' "father"|| '''pater''' "father"|| '''pitar''' "father" || '''{{PIE|*pater-}}''' "father"
|-
| '''ekhbayr''' "brother" || '''brother''' (< ] ''brothor'')|| '''frater''' "brother"|| '''phrater''' "brother"|| '''bhratar''' "brother" || '''{{PIE|*bhrater}}''' "brother"
|-
| '''dustr''' "daughter" || '''daughter''' (< ] ''dohtor'')|| ''' ''' || '''thygater''' "daughter"|| '''duhitar''' "daughter" || '''{{PIE|*dhugheter}}''' "daughter"
|-
| '''kin''' "woman" || '''queen''' (< ] ''cwen "queen, woman, wife"'')|| ''' '''|| '''gyné''' "a woman, a wife"|| '''janis''' "woman" || '''{{PIE|*gwen-}}''' "woman, wife"
|-
| '''im''' "my" || '''my, mine''' (< ] ''min'')|| '''mei''' "my"|| '''emeo''' "my"|| '''mama''' "my"|| '''{{PIE|*mene-}}''' "my, mine"
|-
| '''anun''' "name" || '''name''' (< ] ''nama'')|| '''nomen''' "name"|| '''onoma''' "name"|| '''nama''' "name" || '''{{PIE|*nomn-}}''' "name"
|-
| '''out''' "8" || '''eight''' (< ] ''eahta'')|| '''octo''' "eight"|| '''okto''' "eight"|| '''astau''' "eight" || '''{{PIE|*okto}}''' "eight"
|-
| '''ine''' "9" || '''nine''' (< ] ''nigen'')|| '''novem''' "nine"|| '''ennea''' "nine"|| '''nava''' "nine" || '''{{PIE|*newn}}''' "nine"
|-
| '''tase''' "10" || '''ten''' (< ] ''ten, tien'') (< ] ''*tekhan'')|| '''decem''' "ten"|| '''deka''' "ten"|| '''dasa''' "ten" || '''{{PIE|*dekm}}''' "ten"
|-
| '''achk''' "eye" || '''eye''' (< ] ''ege, eage'')|| '''oculus''' "eye"|| '''opsis''' "a sight"|| '''akshi''' "eye"|| '''{{PIE|*oqw-}}''' "to see"
|-
| '''armunk''' "elbow" || '''arm''' (< ] ''earm "joined body parts below shoulder"'')|| '''armus''' "shoulder" || '''arthron''' "a joint"|| '''irmah''' "arm"|| '''{{PIE|*ar-}}''' "fit, join (that which is fitted together)"
|-
| '''tsunk''' "knee" || '''knee''' (< ] ''cneo, cneow'')|| '''genu''' "knee"|| '''gony''' "knee"|| '''janu''' "knee"|| '''{{PIE|*geneu}}''' "knee"
|-
| '''votk''' "foot" || '''foot''' (< ] ''fot'')|| '''pedis''' "foot" || '''podos''' "foot"|| '''padam''' "foot" || '''{{PIE|*pod-, *ped-}}''' "foot"
|-
| '''sirt''' "heart"|| '''heart''' (< ] ''heorte'')|| '''cor, cordis''' "heart"|| '''kardia''' "heart"|| '''hrdaya''' "heart"|| '''{{PIE|*kerd-}}''' "heart"
|-
| '''kashi''' "skin" || '''hide''' (< ] ''hyd "animal skin cover"'')|| '''cutis''' "skin"|| '''keutho''' "to cover, to hide"|| '''caadayati''' "hide"|| '''{{PIE|*keu-}}''' "to cover, conceal"
|-
| '''muk''' "mouse" || '''mouse''' (< ] ''mus'')|| '''mus''' "mouse"|| '''mys''' "mouse"|| '''mus''' "mouse" || '''{{PIE|*muhs}}''' "mouse, small rodent"
|-
| '''kov''' "cow" || '''cow''' (< ] ''cu'')|| '''bos, bovis''' "cow"|| '''bous''' "cow" || '''gaus''' "cow" || '''{{PIE|*gwous}}''' "cow"
|-
| '''shun''' "hound" || '''hound''' (< ] ''hund "hound, dog"'')|| '''canis, caninus''' "hound, dog" (canine)|| '''kyon''' "hound, dog"|| '''svan''' "dog" || '''{{PIE|*kwon-}}''' "hound, dog"
|-
| '''tari''' "year" || '''year''' (< ] ''gear, ger'')|| '''hornus''' "of this year"|| '''hora''' "year"|| '''varsa''' "year"|| '''{{PIE|*yer-, *yor-}}''' "year"
|-
| '''amis''' "month" || '''moon, month''' (< ] ''mona, monath'')|| '''mensis''' "month"|| '''mene, men''' "moon, month"|| '''masah''' "moon, month"|| '''{{PIE|*menses-}}''' "moon, month"
|-
| '''amar''' "summer" || '''summer''' (< ] ''sumor'')|| ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''sama''' "season"|| '''{{PIE|*sem-}}''' "hot season of the year"
|-
| '''jerm''' "warm" || '''warm''' (< ] ''wearm'')|| '''formus''' "warm"|| '''thermos''' "warm"|| '''gharmah''' "heat" || '''{{PIE|*ghwerm-}}''' "warm"
|-
| '''luys''' "light" || '''light''' (< ] ''leht, leoht "brightness"'')|| '''lucere, lux, lucidus''' "to shine, light, clear"|| '''leukos''' "bright, shining, white"|| '''aloka''' "light"|| '''{{PIE|*leuk-}}''' "light, brightness"
|-
| '''hur''' "fire, torch" || '''fire''' (< ] ''fyr'')|| ''' ''' || '''pyr''' "fire"|| '''pu''' "fire"|| '''{{PIE|*paewr-}}''' "fire"
|-
| '''heru''' "far" || '''far''' (< ] ''feorr "to a great distance"'')|| '''per''' "through"|| '''pera''' "beyond"|| '''parah''' "farther"|| '''{{PIE|*per-}}''' "through, across, beyond"
|-
| '''helum''' "I pour" || '''flow''' (< ] ''flowan'')|| '''pluere''' "to rain"|| '''plyno, pleo''' "I wash, swim or go by sea"|| '''plavate''' "swim"|| '''{{PIE|*pleu-}}''' "flow, float"
|-
| '''utem''' "I eat" || '''eat''' (< ] ''etan'')|| '''edere''' "to eat" (edible)|| '''edo''' "I eat"|| '''admi''' "I eat"|| '''{{PIE|*ed-}}''' "to eat"
|-
| '''gitem''' "I know" || '''wit''' (< ] ''wit, witan "intelligence, to know"'')|| '''video''' "I see" || '''woida''' "I know"|| '''veda''' "I know" || '''{{PIE|*weid-}}''' "to know, to see"
|-
| '''gorts''' "work " || '''work''' (< ] ''weorc, worc'')|| '''urgere''' "push, drive"|| '''ergon''' "work"|| '''varcas''' "activity"|| '''{{PIE|*werg-}}''' "to work"
|-
| '''mets''' "great " || '''much''' (< ] ''micel "great, big, many"'')|| '''magnus''' "great"|| '''megas''' "great, large"|| '''maha''' "great"|| '''{{PIE|*meg-}}''' "great"
|-
| '''antsanot''' "stranger, unfamiliar" || '''unknown''' (< ] ''uncnawen, ungecnawen (un "not" + ge "to get to" + cnawen "know")'')|| '''incognitus''' "in (not) + co (to get to) + gnitus (know)" (incognito)|| '''agnotos''' "unknown"|| '''ajnatah''' "unfamiliar" || '''{{PIE|*n- + *gno-}}''' "not" + "to know"
|-
| '''merats''' "dead" || '''murder''' (< ] ''morthor'')|| '''mortalis''' "mortal" || '''ambrotos''' "immortal"|| '''mrtih''' "death" || '''{{PIE|*mrtro-, from (*mor-, *mr-)}}''' "to die"
|-
| '''mejtel''' "middle" || '''mid, middle''' (< ] ''mid, middel'')|| '''medius''' "middle"|| '''mesos''' "middle"|| '''madhya''' "middle"|| '''{{PIE|*medhjo- from *me-}}''' "mid, middle"
|-
| '''jour''' "water" || '''water''' (< ] ''wæter'')|| '''unda''' "wave"|| '''hydor''' "water"|| '''udnah''' "water"|| '''{{PIE|(*wodor, *wedor, *uder-) from *wed-}}''' "water"
|-
| '''ayl''' "other" || '''else''' (< ] ''elles "other, otherwise, different"'')|| '''alius, alienus''' "other, another"|| '''allos''' "other, another"|| '''anya''' "other"|| '''{{PIE|*al-}}''' "beyond, other"
|-
| '''nore''' "new" || '''new''' (< ] ''neowe'')|| '''novus''' "new" || '''neos''' "new"|| '''navah''' "new" || '''{{PIE|*newos}}''' "new"
|-
| '''p'ul gal''' "downfall" || '''fall''' (< ] ''feallan'')|| ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''galita''' "fallen"|| '''{{PIE|*phol-}}''' "to fall"
|-
| '''dur''' "door" || '''door''' (< ] ''dor, doru, duru'')|| '''foris''' "door"|| '''thura''' "door"|| '''dvarah''' "door" || '''{{PIE|*dhwer-, *dhwor-}}''' "door, doorway, gate"
|}

==See also==
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
<div class="references-small">
* Clackson, James. 1994. ''The Linguistic Relationship Between Armenian and Greek.'' London: Publications of the Philological Society, No 30. (and Oxford: Blackwell Publishing)
* Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) ''Indo-European Language and Culture.'' Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1875) "Über die Stellung des armenischen im Kreise der indogermanischen Sprachen," ''Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung'' 23.5-42.
* ] (1989) ''In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology and Myth.'' London: Thames & Hudson.
* Vaux, Bert. 1998. ''The Phonology of Armenian.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.
</div>

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Armenian language}}
{{InterWiki|code=hy}}
{{Wiktionarylang|code=hy}}
*
*
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*
*
*
Armenian Language Samples:
*
*
*

<br>{{Armenia-related topics}}

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Revision as of 22:24, 2 October 2007

JEW PEDELHILIA