Zachlumia: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively ← Previous edit Next edit →Content deleted Content addedVisual WikitextInline

Revision as of 19:50, 21 June 2005 edit57.70.65.91 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit		Revision as of 15:22, 30 June 2005 edit undo70.48.250.150 (talk)No edit summaryNext edit →
Line 1:		Line 1:
			Zachumlie or Zahumlje
	== Zahumlje ==
		⚫	]]]
		⚫	]]]
			'''Zahumlje''', also known as the Land of '''Hum''', was a ] principality located in today's Southern ] and south-western ].

			Zahumlje, at various times, bordered the lands of Neretva/Narenta/] to the west and southwest, ] to the east and southeast, and ] to the north. It encompassed the southern half of the what is today the ].
	[[Image:Serb_lands02.gif\|thumb\|300px\|Travunia in the
⚫	9th century, according to [[De administrando
	imperio]]]]
⚫	[[Image:Kpdai30.gif\|thumb\|300px\|Greek map of Serb
	lands in the 9th century, according to [[De
	administrando imperio]]]]

	''"The Zahumljani (Zachlumoi) that now live there are en:Serbs, originating from the time of the prince (archont) who fled to emperor en:Heraclius The land of the Zahumljani comprise the following cities: en:Ston (το Σταγνον), Mokriskik (το Μοκρισκικ), Josli (το Ιοσλε), Galumainik (το Γαλυμαενικ), Dobriskik (το Δοβρισκικ)".''		"''The Zahumljani (Zachlumoi) that now live there are en:Serbs, originating from the time of the prince (archont) who fled to emperor en: Heraclius The land of the Zahumljani comprise the following cities: en:Ston (το Σταγνον), Mokriskik (το Μοκρισκικ), Josli (το Ιοσλε), Galumainik (το Γαλυμαενικ), Dobriskik (το Δοβρισκικ)''".

	'''Constantine VII, De Administrando Imperio, Chapter: 32'''		'''Constantine VII, De Administrando Imperio, Chapter: 33''']
	]

			] ] descibes Zahumlje and Zahumljani in ] as a Serb tribe which settled in present Hercegovina around the Hum mountain region at the start of the 7th century. Zahumlje entered into confederations with the Serb princes of Raska early on. The Serb prince Caslav Klonimirovic of the ] fully incorporated this area into his domain between 927 AD and and 940. The Serb prince ] of the ] fully incorporated this area into his domain between 927 AD and and 940. After the death of Caslav in 960, Travunia was contested between ] and ]. But by 968, it was violently conquered by the Croatian King Kresimir but it returned to the Serb princes of the ] of ] by the middle of the 11th century and later to Serb princes of the House of ] of ].

			The first known rulers of Zahumlje are ancestors of the ] ]. Miroslav was the son of ] of ], whose 4 sons divided Serbia up and fought with each other. He was Duke of Zahumlje (ca 1168-71). His descendants are Toljen who II ruled next as Duke of North Zahumlje and died in 1239. He was followed by Nikola, until 1248 and Bogdan until 1249. Radoslav was Zupan of Zahumlje after 1249 until 22.5.1254.
	Bordered by ] to the north, ].
	encompassed what is now Southern ].
	Today it is part of [[Dubrovnik-Neretva
	county]]. Its center is ]. Other larger towns
	are Metković and Ploče in the Neretva river
	delta (hence the mention in the county name). It
	includes the larger islands of ],
	], ], ], ] and
	].

	] ] descibes the
	Zhumljans in ] as a
	] tribe which settled in the area at the start
	of the ]. It must be noted that the Zahumlje,
	Travunia and Duklja, whose territories spread much further
	inland and southward than the current Dalmatia does, were
	self-ruled by their Slavic population that was mixed pagan
	and Christian, and also quite likely mixed Croat and Serb.
	They were not central to the formation of these two Slavic
	nations (the main part of medieval Croatia was to their
	northwest and the main part of medieval Serbia was to their
	northeast), but they did more often than not fall under their
	respective influences.

			Croatian academics have pointed out that Zahumlje could have been Croats, but this is not generally accepted since these claims rely on ], which has been discredited as unreliable and full of errors. It is now accepted in most academic circles outside of Croatia that ]/Travunja, the ] River Valley and ] / ] and ] / ] were settled with Serb tribes, as it states in ].
	Zahumlje entered into confederations with the Serb princes of ]
	early on. The Serb prince ] of the
	] fully incorporated this area into
	his domain between ] AD and ]. After the death
	of Caslav in ], Zahumlje was contested between
	] and ].

	Croatian academics have pointed out that Travunia
	could have been Croat, but this is not generally
	accepted since these claims rely on
	], which has been discredited as
	unreliable and full of errors. It is now accepted in
	most academic circles outside of Croatia that
	] / ], the ]
	River Valley and ] / ] and
	] / ] were settled with Serb tribes,
	as it states in ].

	It must be noted however, that De Administrando Imperio
	itself is full of errors. Especially the most politically
	controversial chapters, 30, 31 and 32 are mutually contradictory.
	Chapters 30 and 31 tell two different versions on the arrival of
	Croats, and chapter 32, about the arrival of Serbs, shows striking
	similarity to the chapter 31, which is probably the emperor's story
	on the Croats. Many historians have deduced that chapter 32 is just
	a retelling of the migration pattern found in chapter 31. As far as
	chapter 30 is concerned, it is accepted that it was written by an
	anonymous author who had conveyed genuine Croatian mythic story on
	their origin. The chapters 31 and 32 tell essentially the same story
	of a people who came upon invitation of Byzantine emperor Heraclius,
	with virtually exact scheme appearing in both cases-Croat and Serb.
	On the other hand, anonymous who composed chapter 30, portrays the
	mythic Croatian origo gentis: a narrative on 5 brothers and 2 sisters
	as leaders of Croatian tribe- something entirely different from chapter
	31. Also, one must bear in mind that the described events took place
	some 300 years before this work, and that "De Administrando Imperio"
	is the first description of arrival of the mentioned peoples, hence
	greatly reducing the credibility of the narrative.

	It appears the acceptance of DAI in academic circles is it remains
	the only surviving authoritative text of its kind about the region and era;
	is the direct or indirect work of an advanced diplomatic bureaucracy; and
	is attributed to the famously most erudite of Byzantine Emperors

⚫	----

⚫	{{hist-stub}}
	]
	]

	== External Links: ==		== External Links: ==

	http://~~forum~~.~~stirpes~~.~~net~~/~~showthread~~.~~php?t=788~~		http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/balkan5.html

	http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/bosnianh_history.asp		http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/bosnianh_history.asp
Line 98:		Line 27:
	http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02694a.htm		http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02694a.htm

	http://~~www~~.~~njegos~~.~~org~~/~~past/vlahovic~~.~~htm~~		http://forum.stirpes.net/showthread.php?t=788

		⚫	----
	http://worldroots.com/brigitte/theroff/balkan.htm

		⚫	{{hist-stub}}
	----
	]		]
	]		]

Revision as of 15:22, 30 June 2005

Zachumlie or Zahumlje

File:Serb lands03.jpg

Zahumlje in the 9th century, according to De administrando imperio

File:Kpdai30.gif

Greek map of Serb lands in the 9th century, according to De administrando imperio

Zahumlje, also known as the Land of Hum, was a medieval principality located in today's Southern Dalmatia and south-western Bosnia.

Zahumlje, at various times, bordered the lands of Neretva/Narenta/Pagania to the west and southwest, Travunja to the east and southeast, and Serbia to the north. It encompassed the southern half of the what is today the Split-Dalmatia county.

"The Zahumljani (Zachlumoi) that now live there are en:Serbs, originating from the time of the prince (archont) who fled to emperor en: Heraclius The land of the Zahumljani comprise the following cities: en:Ston (το Σταγνον), Mokriskik (το Μοκρισκικ), Josli (το Ιοσλε), Galumainik (το Γαλυμαενικ), Dobriskik (το Δοβρισκικ)".

Constantine VII, De Administrando Imperio, Chapter: 33]

Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos descibes Zahumlje and Zahumljani in De Administrando Imperio as a Serb tribe which settled in present Hercegovina around the Hum mountain region at the start of the 7th century. Zahumlje entered into confederations with the Serb princes of Raska early on. The Serb prince Caslav Klonimirovic of the House of Vlastimirovic fully incorporated this area into his domain between 927 AD and and 940. The Serb prince Caslav Klonimirovic of the House of Vlastimirovic fully incorporated this area into his domain between 927 AD and and 940. After the death of Caslav in 960, Travunia was contested between Byzantium and Bulgaria. But by 968, it was violently conquered by the Croatian King Kresimir but it returned to the Serb princes of the House of Vojislavljevic of Zeta by the middle of the 11th century and later to Serb princes of the House of Nemanjic of Raska.

The first known rulers of Zahumlje are ancestors of the Serb House of Nemanjic. Miroslav was the son of Zupan Zavida of Raska, whose 4 sons divided Serbia up and fought with each other. He was Duke of Zahumlje (ca 1168-71). His descendants are Toljen who II ruled next as Duke of North Zahumlje and died in 1239. He was followed by Nikola, until 1248 and Bogdan until 1249. Radoslav was Zupan of Zahumlje after 1249 until 22.5.1254.

Croatian academics have pointed out that Zahumlje could have been Croats, but this is not generally accepted since these claims rely on Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja, which has been discredited as unreliable and full of errors. It is now accepted in most academic circles outside of Croatia that Travunia/Travunja, the Bosna River Valley and Pagania / Paganija and Zeta / Duklja were settled with Serb tribes, as it states in De Administrando Imperio.

External Links:

http://genealogy.euweb.cz/balkan/balkan5.html

http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/section/bosnianh_history.asp

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Serbia

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02694a.htm

http://forum.stirpes.net/showthread.php?t=788

This history article is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it.

Categories: