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'''Antin Andriyovych Holovaty''' ({{lang-ua|Антiн Андрійович Головатий}}; {{lang-ru|Антон Андреевич Головатый}}, Anton Andreevich Golovaty; 1744 – {{OldStyleDate|January 28|1797|February 19}}) was a Ukrainian military figure, politician and poet who is chiefly remembered for being the founder of the ]. | ||
| == |
==Biography== | ||
| === Early years === | |||
| Golovaty was born in Kiev and studied at the ] Academy, which he left in ], and joined the Kushchivsky ] of the ]. It is thought that the reason for this was to complete his studies as an officer as this was the only manner to become successful, and in the 1760s was elected to be the ] of that Kuren, which helped him raise his social standing. | |||
| Holovaty was raised and educated at the ] Academy, leaving it in 1756 at the age of 12. | |||
| ⚫ | By 1764, because of his education |
||
| At the age of 13 in 1757 Holovaty joins the ] of the ]. It is suggested that the reason for this was to complete his studies as an officer. | |||
| ⚫ | At the beginning of the 1760's Holovaty was chosen to become the ] of the ] which helped raise his social standing. By 1764, because of his education he received the rank of colonel and was elevated to the position of Military secretary. In that year, as part of the Zaporozhian delegation headed by ] Fedoriv, Holovaty travelled to ] as a delegate at the coronation of Russian Empress Katherine II. The trip left a profound impression on him and he received a silver medal from her. | ||
| Knowing that the end of the Crimean Khanate would result in the eventual dissolution of the Zaporozhian Host, and put forward a plan to re-organize the Sich and lands it owned in a manner similar to how the ] was organised. This project was given for consideration to Russian authorities, but was not accepted. Instead in 1775 the Zaporozhian Sich was dissolved and his plans were exposed to other Zaporozhians who ceased to trust him. | |||
| Holovaty understood that the demise of the ] was being proposed in Petersburg. He put forward a plan to re-organize the Sich and associated lands in a manner similar to how the ] had been recently reformed in order to somehow conserve it. This project was forwarded for consideration to Katherine II and ] however it was not accepted. The Russian government had already made the decision to destroy the Zaporozhian Sich. Holovaty's plan however, became known to the old Zaporozhians, and as a result of these political moves he lost his credibility. | |||
| == post-Zaporozhian life == | |||
| With the destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich in 1775 only a few of the higher level Cossacks were repressed, and Golovaty owning to his Captain in the Russian Cavalry which he had obtained form the Empress, was granted an official nobility (dvoryanstvo) title and recieved lands which he began to build a farming enterprise on. | |||
| === Destruction of the Sich === | |||
| However, despite the dissolution ], a threat arose from the ], and was strengthened by the several runaway Zaporozhians who formed the ]. He served as chancellor of the Zaporozhian Host and colonel of the ]. | |||
| With the destruction of the ] in 1775, many of the more senior Cossacks were repressed by the Russian government. Holovaty was able to sidestep these repressions because of the rank of Captain which he was awarded to him by the Emperess during his trip to Petersburg. Holovaty retired from the Cossack Host and for a short time put his energies into building up his own farming properties and finances. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| After the dissolution of the ], a new threat to the Russian Empire began to grow from the Ottoman Empire This threat was strengthened by the exiled Zaporozhian Cossacks who had continued their lifestyle and had formed the ] under the protectorate of the Sultan. | |||
| === ] === | |||
| ⚫ | ==Settlement in the Kuban == | ||
| In 1787 Holovaty returned to active duty. In that year he helped organize the Army of Loyal Cossacks, who later became known as the ] and Holovaty was placed as its '']'' (Commander).. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ⚫ | During the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-91, Holovaty gave invaluable assistance to the Russian Army, particularly in capture of Berezan fortress, gaining the Empress's favour. Holovaty had the rank of Captain in the Russian Cavalry. <ref>V.Golubtsky ''Black Sea Cossack Host'' for the Large Soviet Encyclopedia .</ref>. | ||
| Golovaty was the new head of the Host, he set his priorities in forming the new defense line against Circassian raids. (see ]). The first 40 kurens on the Kuban, (later ]s) and the host city of ] are built under his supervision. After the death of Ataman ], the Host elects Golovaty as the new ], but he never finds out of his title, as during that time his men were taken part in the ill-fated ] where commanded two corps of Black Sea Cossacks. Two weeks after his election, on 28 January 1797, Golovaty dies on the Kamyshevan peninusla.<ref> </ref> His title of Ataman is passed onto General ], also an ex-Zaporozhian. | |||
| ⚫ | === Settlement in the Kuban (1792 - ) === | ||
| ⚫ | As a reward for their crucial role in the ], the Russian Empress rewarded the Zaporozhian Cossacks with the ] territory in the ], an uninhabited steppe region which became a foothold for the Russian expansion into the ]. In 1788 the Host was renamed the ] and a total of 25,000 people made the migration in 1792-93, settling on the regions north of the ]. | ||
| Holovaty was the head of the Host. He set his priorities in forming a new defense line against Circassian raids. (see ]). During the Persian campaign of 1796-97 he commanded two corps of Black Sea Cossacks within the Russian ]. | |||
| ==Cultural figure== | ==Cultural figure== | ||
| Holovaty was a renowned poet in his day. To his pen are dedicated a number of poems some of which became songs in the Ukrainian language. It is known that ] noted some down and included them in his kobzar. | |||
| Shevchenko originally mentioned |
Shevchenko originally mentioned Holovaty in a number of his poems, however his name was edited out by ] in reflection of Holovaty's pro-Russian actions. | ||
| The frequently quoted lines often acreditted to Taras Shevchenko: | |||
| Nasha duma, nasha pisnia, (Our dumas, our songs) | |||
| Ne vmre ne zahyne, (Will not die nor perish) | |||
| Ot de liudy nasha slava, (Here is where our glory lies) | |||
| Slava Ukrainy! (The glory of Ukraine) | |||
| were originally edited by P. Kulish from Shevchenko's original: | |||
| Nash chubaty Holovaty, (Our hairy-headed Holovaty) | |||
| Ne vmre, ne zahyne, (Will not die nor perish) | |||
| Ot de liudy nasha slava, (Here is where our glory lies) | |||
| Slava Ukrainy. (The glory of Ukraine) | |||
| Shevchenko also drew a portrait of him. | |||
| Because of his noble education he was also well versed in music and was an accomplished ] player. | Because of his noble education he was also well versed in music and was an accomplished ] player. | ||
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| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| <References/> | <References/> | ||
| ==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT: |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holovaty}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 17:16, 28 November 2007
Antin Andriyovych Holovaty (Template:Lang-ua; Template:Lang-ru, Anton Andreevich Golovaty; 1744 – January 28 [O.S. February 19] 1797) was a Ukrainian military figure, politician and poet who is chiefly remembered for being the founder of the Black Sea Cossack Host.
Biography
Early years
Holovaty was raised and educated at the Kiev-Mohyla Academy, leaving it in 1756 at the age of 12. At the age of 13 in 1757 Holovaty joins the Kushchivsky kurin of the Pidpelnensky Sich. It is suggested that the reason for this was to complete his studies as an officer.
At the beginning of the 1760's Holovaty was chosen to become the Otaman of the kurin which helped raise his social standing. By 1764, because of his education he received the rank of colonel and was elevated to the position of Military secretary. In that year, as part of the Zaporozhian delegation headed by koshovy Fedoriv, Holovaty travelled to Petersburg as a delegate at the coronation of Russian Empress Katherine II. The trip left a profound impression on him and he received a silver medal from her.
Holovaty understood that the demise of the Zaporozhian Sich was being proposed in Petersburg. He put forward a plan to re-organize the Sich and associated lands in a manner similar to how the Don Cossack Host had been recently reformed in order to somehow conserve it. This project was forwarded for consideration to Katherine II and Grigory Potemkin however it was not accepted. The Russian government had already made the decision to destroy the Zaporozhian Sich. Holovaty's plan however, became known to the old Zaporozhians, and as a result of these political moves he lost his credibility.
Destruction of the Sich
With the destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich in 1775, many of the more senior Cossacks were repressed by the Russian government. Holovaty was able to sidestep these repressions because of the rank of Captain which he was awarded to him by the Emperess during his trip to Petersburg. Holovaty retired from the Cossack Host and for a short time put his energies into building up his own farming properties and finances.
After the dissolution of the Zaporozhian Host, a new threat to the Russian Empire began to grow from the Ottoman Empire This threat was strengthened by the exiled Zaporozhian Cossacks who had continued their lifestyle and had formed the Danubian Sich under the protectorate of the Sultan.
Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
In 1787 Holovaty returned to active duty. In that year he helped organize the Army of Loyal Cossacks, who later became known as the Black Sea Cossack Host and Holovaty was placed as its Otaman (Commander)..
During the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-91, Holovaty gave invaluable assistance to the Russian Army, particularly in capture of Berezan fortress, gaining the Empress's favour. Holovaty had the rank of Captain in the Russian Cavalry. .
Settlement in the Kuban (1792 - )
As a reward for their crucial role in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792), the Russian Empress rewarded the Zaporozhian Cossacks with the Kuban territory in the North Caucasus, an uninhabited steppe region which became a foothold for the Russian expansion into the Caucasus. In 1788 the Host was renamed the Black Sea Cossack Host and a total of 25,000 people made the migration in 1792-93, settling on the regions north of the Kuban River.
Holovaty was the head of the Host. He set his priorities in forming a new defense line against Circassian raids. (see Caucasus War). During the Persian campaign of 1796-97 he commanded two corps of Black Sea Cossacks within the Russian Imperial Army.
Cultural figure
Holovaty was a renowned poet in his day. To his pen are dedicated a number of poems some of which became songs in the Ukrainian language. It is known that Taras Shevchenko noted some down and included them in his kobzar. Shevchenko originally mentioned Holovaty in a number of his poems, however his name was edited out by P. Kulish in reflection of Holovaty's pro-Russian actions.
The frequently quoted lines often acreditted to Taras Shevchenko: Nasha duma, nasha pisnia, (Our dumas, our songs) Ne vmre ne zahyne, (Will not die nor perish) Ot de liudy nasha slava, (Here is where our glory lies) Slava Ukrainy! (The glory of Ukraine)
were originally edited by P. Kulish from Shevchenko's original: Nash chubaty Holovaty, (Our hairy-headed Holovaty) Ne vmre, ne zahyne, (Will not die nor perish) Ot de liudy nasha slava, (Here is where our glory lies) Slava Ukrainy. (The glory of Ukraine)
Shevchenko also drew a portrait of him.
Because of his noble education he was also well versed in music and was an accomplished bandura player.
Notes
- V.Golubtsky Black Sea Cossack Host for the Large Soviet Encyclopedia Retrieved on 22nd April 2007.
Sources
Encyclopedia of the Ukrainian Cossacks - Published by the Zaporizhia State University
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