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Low intelligence is the quality or condition of lacking intelligence, as opposed to being merely ignorant or uneducated. Common terms for low intelligence in the English language are stupid, dumb, or idiotic. This quality can be attributed to both an individual or a person's actions, words or beliefs, or those of a group.

As an English word, it implies that the attributed party is not mentally retarded but rather is willfully ignorant and/or unintelligent, and displays poor use of judgement or insensitivity to nuances.

The adjectives "stupid" or "dumb" are also used as general pejoratives (e.g. I didn't borrow your stupid cap - go look for it yourself).

Manifested by the educated

Recently a great deal of attention has been paid to another class of stupidity: stupid actions by those who consider themselves educated and worldly. This is a fairly new topic for researchers and there are still few academic works on the subject.

The Encyclopedia of Stupidity by Matthijs van Boxsel is based on the author's contention that "stupidity is in fact the foundation of our civilization" and his idea that no one is intelligent enough to realise how stupid they are. This is not as stupid as it sounds if one includes in the definition of stupidity "unwitting self-destruction, the ability to act against nothing."

In comedy

Generally, the stupidity featured in comedy is that of entertainers pretending to be stupid. The fool/buffoon has been a central character in most comedy. Today there is a wide array of television shows that showcase stupidity such as Jackass, as well as with many cartoon shows, such as Homer Simpson from The Simpsons, Phillip J. Fry from Futurama.

Individual vs collective stupidity

In psychology, this is known as deindividuation in crowds, and can lead to behaviours usually not displayed outside the specific social situation. The behaviours occur because individuals will conform to perceived social norms in order to 'fit in' or project an impression of self as "normal".

References

• Matthijs van Boxsel. De encyclopedie van de domheid. 1999. Translated by A. and E. Pomerans as The Encyclopedia of Stupidity. London: Reaktion Books, 2003. ISBN 1-86189-159-8, 2005 edition: ISBN 1-86189-231-4, Book description at The Foundation for the Production and Translation of Dutch Literature

See also

• Bounded rationality
• Darwin Awards
• Genius
• Ignorance
• Irrationality
• Low comedy
• Lowest common denominator
• World Stupidity Awards

External links

• In praise of irrationality
• "Unskilled and unaware of it: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments" The authors received the 2000 Ig Nobel Prize in psychology.
• The Power of Stupidity by Giancarlo Livraghi, a series of nine papers on the nature of human stupidity.
• A website dedicated to pointing out stupdity.
• stupidity.com
• Understanding Stupidity by James F Welles, Ph.D.

• Psychometrics
• Developmental psychology