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| ].<ref name=video>Landes, Richard. (Windows Media Video), SecondDraft.org. ()</ref>]] | ].<ref name=video>Landes, Richard. (Windows Media Video), SecondDraft.org. ()</ref>]] | ||
| The word "Pallywood" appeared in a ] forum debate in 2002,<ref> , rec.arts.sf.fandom, May 15, 2002.</ref> but Professor ] of ] is credited with having given the term currency in 2005, with his 18-minute online documentary ''Pallywood: According to Palestinian Sources''.<ref name=video>Landes, Richard. (Windows Media Video), SecondDraft.org. ()</ref><sup>(VIDEO)</sup> | The word "Pallywood" appeared in a ] forum debate in 2002,<ref> , rec.arts.sf.fandom, May 15, 2002.</ref> but Professor ] of ] is credited with having given the term currency in 2005, with his 18-minute online documentary ''Pallywood: According to Palestinian Sources''.<ref name=video>Landes, Richard. (Windows Media Video), SecondDraft.org. ()</ref><sup>(VIDEO)</sup> | ||
| In his video, Landes shows ]-related footage, mostly taken by freelance Palestinian video journalists. He has stated that the camera angles used are different from those used in footage broadcast by the ]. He argues that Palestinian video journalists have staged scenes for propaganda purposes to create bias against Israel by presenting the Palestinians as helpless victims of Israeli aggression.<ref name=history>Landes, Richard. , SecondDraft.org.</ref> He believes that what he describes as systematic media manipulation (which he dubs "Pallywood") dates back to at least the ], and argues that broadcasters are too uncritical of the ''bona fides'' of Palestinian freelance footage.<ref name=Stevens/>. | |||
| ==Use of the term== | ==Use of the term== | ||
| The term has been used by right-wing bloggers, particularly after similar ] (e.g. "Hizbollywood") were made during the ]. <ref name=Zerbisias>Zerbisias, Antonia. "And Now It's Reutersgate". ''Toronto Star'', August 9, 2006.</ref> | The term has been used by right-wing bloggers, particularly after similar ] (e.g. "Hizbollywood") were made during the ]. <ref name=Zerbisias>Zerbisias, Antonia. "And Now It's Reutersgate". ''Toronto Star'', August 9, 2006.</ref> | ||
| Political commentator ] has described Landes' work as an exposé of political propaganda, arguing that the footage Landes has compiled reveals "a startling series of faked funerals, staged gun battles, and professional weeping grandmothers. They dub the Palestinian propaganda complex, 'Pallywood,' and ask hard questions about the readiness — eagerness — of much of the world media to be deceived."<ref>]. . ''National Post'', June 17, 2006.</ref> | |||
| Israeli right wing broadcaster ] stated in 2006 that "Pallywood" is becoming a "household word," along with "infotainment," to refer to media coverage of the ].<ref>"There's Something About Qana," ''Arutz Sheva'' (Channel 7), Israel, August 3, 2006.</ref> The ], a Canadian "defense and security" ], has written that given "a long history of posing for the cameras...the cynical "Pallywood" nickname from once-deceived journalists for PA news services becomes understandable." <ref>, The ], Newsletter July, 06.</ref> | Israeli right wing broadcaster ] stated in 2006 that "Pallywood" is becoming a "household word," along with "infotainment," to refer to media coverage of the ].<ref>"There's Something About Qana," ''Arutz Sheva'' (Channel 7), Israel, August 3, 2006.</ref> The ], a Canadian "defense and security" ], has written that given "a long history of posing for the cameras...the cynical "Pallywood" nickname from once-deceived journalists for PA news services becomes understandable." <ref>, The ], Newsletter July, 06.</ref> | ||
| ==Media in the Gaza Strip== | |||
| German journalist Thorsten Schmitz writes that the world's large news organizations, ] and ], and news agencies such as ] and ], work almost exclusively with Palestinian cameramen when reporting from the ].<ref name=Schmitz>Schmitz, Thorsten. , ''Sueddeutsche Zeitung'', June 16, 2006.</ref> Working as a cameraman for the Western media is regarded as one of the most lucrative jobs in the Palestinian areas, Schmitz writes, with some cameramen in the area earning up to $250 U.S. per day, as much as some Palestinian families might earn in six months. Schmitz states that the images intended to portray suffering in Gaza and broadcast by the international media are produced primarily by Palestinians. <ref name=Schmitz/> Richard Landes has argued that the mainstream media are too quick to accept this freelance footage.<ref name=Stevens>Stevens, Chris. , ''The Daily Telegraph'', April 14, 2007.</ref> | |||
| ==Examples of "Pallywood" allegations== | |||
| ===Muhammad al-Durrah=== | |||
| {{main|Muhammad al-Durrah}} | |||
| Muhammad al-Durrah, a 12-year-old Palestinian, was widely reported to have been killed by Israeli gunfire in the Gaza Strip on ] ] at the beginning of the ]. The shooting was recorded by Talal Abu Rahma, a local freelance cameraman and aired on ] with narration by ].<ref name="Lappin">Lappin, Yakkov. '']''. 20 September 2007. 21 October 2007.</ref> The footage became internationally famous. In ''Pallywood'', Richard Landes questions the authenticity of the footage and disputes whether al-Durrah was killed by Israeli gunfire or even killed at all.<ref name=SecondDraftDura>, ''Second Draft''.</ref> Several other commentators have expressed similar doubts.<ref name=DuraPallywood>, Honestreporting.com.</ref><ref name=Gelernter>Gelernter, David. , ''Jewish World Review'', 2003.<!--attributed by likud.nl as a Los Angeles Times editorial; Google News archive picks up no such thing--></ref><ref name=NYTimesFeb05>, ''The New York Times'', February 7, 2005.</ref><ref name=Cambanis/><ref name="Lappin" /> The authenticity of the footage is currently under review in a libel case being heard in France,<ref>Martin Patience, ], 8 November 2007</ref> at which Landes had previously testified. | |||
| ===Other events=== | |||
| Landes also describes the ] in 2002 <ref name=history/> as an instance in which "Pallywood" footage has been shown, and Schmitz has made similar arguments regarding an Israeli rocket attack on ], ] on a car carrying members of ].<ref name=Schmitz/> | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 00:34, 9 January 2008
Pallywood (a portmanteau of "Palestinian" and "Hollywood") is a neologism used to refer to news events alleged to have been staged by Palestinian and/or foreign cameramen to portray Israel in an unfavorable light.
Origin of the term
The word "Pallywood" appeared in a Usenet forum debate in 2002, but Professor Richard Landes of Boston University is credited with having given the term currency in 2005, with his 18-minute online documentary Pallywood: According to Palestinian Sources.
In his video, Landes shows Arab-Israeli conflict-related footage, mostly taken by freelance Palestinian video journalists. He has stated that the camera angles used are different from those used in footage broadcast by the mass media. He argues that Palestinian video journalists have staged scenes for propaganda purposes to create bias against Israel by presenting the Palestinians as helpless victims of Israeli aggression. He believes that what he describes as systematic media manipulation (which he dubs "Pallywood") dates back to at least the 1982 Lebanon War, and argues that broadcasters are too uncritical of the bona fides of Palestinian freelance footage..
Use of the term
The term has been used by right-wing bloggers, particularly after similar assertions of media manipulation (e.g. "Hizbollywood") were made during the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.
Political commentator David Frum has described Landes' work as an exposé of political propaganda, arguing that the footage Landes has compiled reveals "a startling series of faked funerals, staged gun battles, and professional weeping grandmothers. They dub the Palestinian propaganda complex, 'Pallywood,' and ask hard questions about the readiness — eagerness — of much of the world media to be deceived."
Israeli right wing broadcaster Arutz Sheva stated in 2006 that "Pallywood" is becoming a "household word," along with "infotainment," to refer to media coverage of the Arab-Israeli conflict. The Mackenzie Institute, a Canadian "defense and security" think tank, has written that given "a long history of posing for the cameras...the cynical "Pallywood" nickname from once-deceived journalists for PA news services becomes understandable."
Media in the Gaza Strip
German journalist Thorsten Schmitz writes that the world's large news organizations, CNN and ABC News, and news agencies such as Reuters and Associated Press, work almost exclusively with Palestinian cameramen when reporting from the Gaza Strip. Working as a cameraman for the Western media is regarded as one of the most lucrative jobs in the Palestinian areas, Schmitz writes, with some cameramen in the area earning up to $250 U.S. per day, as much as some Palestinian families might earn in six months. Schmitz states that the images intended to portray suffering in Gaza and broadcast by the international media are produced primarily by Palestinians. Richard Landes has argued that the mainstream media are too quick to accept this freelance footage.
Examples of "Pallywood" allegations
Muhammad al-Durrah
Main article: Muhammad al-DurrahMuhammad al-Durrah, a 12-year-old Palestinian, was widely reported to have been killed by Israeli gunfire in the Gaza Strip on September 30 2000 at the beginning of the Second Intifada. The shooting was recorded by Talal Abu Rahma, a local freelance cameraman and aired on France 2 with narration by Charles Enderlin. The footage became internationally famous. In Pallywood, Richard Landes questions the authenticity of the footage and disputes whether al-Durrah was killed by Israeli gunfire or even killed at all. Several other commentators have expressed similar doubts. The authenticity of the footage is currently under review in a libel case being heard in France, at which Landes had previously testified.
Other events
Landes also describes the Battle of Jenin in 2002 as an instance in which "Pallywood" footage has been shown, and Schmitz has made similar arguments regarding an Israeli rocket attack on June 13, 2006 on a car carrying members of Islamic Jihad.
See also
Notes
- Carvajal, Doreen. "The mysteries and passions of an iconic video frame", International Herald Tribune, Monday, February 7, 2005.
- Poller, Nidra. "Al-Dura: The Trial", PoliticsCentral, September 13, 2006.
- ^ Cambanis, Thanassis. "Some Shunning The Palestinian Hard Stance." The Boston Globe, September 6, 2005
- ^ Landes, Richard. Pallywood, According to Palestinian Sources (Windows Media Video), SecondDraft.org. (youtube mirror)
- "French Election Upset", rec.arts.sf.fandom, May 15, 2002.
- ^ Landes, Richard. "Pallywood: History", SecondDraft.org.
- ^ Stevens, Chris. "A conspiracy theorist's paradise", The Daily Telegraph, April 14, 2007.
- Zerbisias, Antonia. "And Now It's Reutersgate". Toronto Star, August 9, 2006.
- Frum, David. From Gaza, tragedy and propaganda. National Post, June 17, 2006.
- "There's Something About Qana," Arutz Sheva (Channel 7), Israel, August 3, 2006.
- Lies, Damned Lies and Footage, The Mackenzie Institute, Newsletter July, 06.
- ^ Schmitz, Thorsten. "Der Krieg der Bilder", Sueddeutsche Zeitung, June 16, 2006.
- ^ Lappin, Yakkov. "Al-Dura footage to air." Ynetnews. 20 September 2007. 21 October 2007.
- "Al-Durah: What happened?", Second Draft.
- "Film Focus: HR in Hollywood and 'Pallywood'", Honestreporting.com.
- Gelernter, David. "When pictures lie", Jewish World Review, 2003.
- Photo of Palestinian Boy Kindles Debate in France, The New York Times, February 7, 2005.
- Martin Patience, Dispute rages over al-Durrah footage BBC News, 8 November 2007
Further reading
- "Second Draft.org", website of Richard Landes with films and analysis from the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
- Landes, Richard. "Al-Durah: What happened? (video).
- "And now it's 'Reutersgate'," Toronto Star, August 9, 2006.
- Template:De icon "Wie Palästinenser manchmal die Wahrheit verbiegen", Israelnetz, June 19, 2006.
- Cambanis, Thanassis. "Some Shunning the Palestinian Hard Stance," The Boston Globe, September 6, 2005.
- Gordon, Philip H. & Tasponar, Omer. "Why France shouldn't legislate Turkey's past," The New Republic, October 30, 2006.
- Kaplan, Lee. "Some PLO doctored photos: A visit to 'Pallywood'", Canada Free Press, May 28, 2006.
- Kaplan, Lee. "Pallywood revisited: A new fake atrocity by the PLO", Canada Free Press, June 24, 2006.
- Template:De icon Von Wussow, Philipp. "Israelische Bomben auf Kana: Massaker oder Hisbollywood?", Telepolis, August 3, 2006.