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| '''Yana River''' ({{lang-ru|Яна}}), a ] in ] in ], located between the ] to the west and the ] to the east. | |||
| It is 872 ] in length. The ] of its ] is 238,000 km², whilst its annual discharge totals approximately 25 cubic kilometres (20 million ]). Most of this discharge occurs in May and June as the ice on the river breaks up. The Yana freezes up on the surface in October and stays under the ice until late May - early June. In the ] area, it stays frozen to the bottom for 70 to 110 days, and partly frozen for 220 days of the year. | |||
| The river begins at the ] of the rivers ] and ]. As the Yana flows into the ] of the ], it forms a huge ] (10,200 km²). There are approximately 40,000 ]s in the Yana basin, including both alpine lakes formed from ] in the ] (lowlands were always too dry for glaciation) and overflow lakes on the marshy plains in the north of the basin. The whole Yana basin is under ] and most is ] woodland grading to ] north of about 70°N, though ]s extend in suitable microhabitats right to the delta. | |||
| The principal ] of the Yana are: ], ], ], ]. Most of these tributaries are short rivers flowing from the high Verkhoyansk Mountains. | |||
| Verkhoyansk, ], ], ] are the main ports on the Yana. | |||
| The Yana basin is the site of the so-called ] of Russia, where the lowest recorded temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere are found. In the winter, temperatures in the centre of the basin average as low as -51 °C and have reached as low as -71 °C — though in the mountains it is believed that temperatures have reached -82 °C.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} ] ] says that, at such temperatures, if you shout to a friend and they can't hear you, it's because the words have frozen in the air. However, when spring comes the words "thaw" and one can hear everything that was said months ago. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| The Yana River area is the first known site of human habitation in the ], with evidence of habitation found in the delta from as early as 30,000 years ago (12,000 years before the height of the last period of ], or the ]). | |||
| In 1892-1894 ], accompanied by expedition leader Alexander von Bunge, carried out geological surveys in the basin of the Yana (among other Far-eastern Siberian rivers) on behalf of the Russian Imperial Academy of Sciences. During one year and two days the expedition covered 25,000 km, of which 4,200 km were up rivers, carrying out geodesic surveys en route. | |||
| == References == | |||
| William Barr, Baron Eduard Von Toll's Last Expedition. Arctic, Sept 1980. | |||
| Alexander von Bunge & Baron Eduard Von Toll, ''The Expedition to the New Siberian Islands and the Jana country, equipped by the Imperial Academy of Sciences.'' 1887. | |||
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Revision as of 01:47, 29 February 2008
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