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		{{otherusesof}}
		{{dablink\|Due to technical restrictions, ], the ], and '''S#arp''' (]) redirect here.}}
		{{wiktionarypar2\|S\|s}}
		{{Latin alphabet navbox\|uc=S\|lc=s}}
		'''S''' is the nineteenth letter in the modern ]. Its name in ] is spelled '''ess''' or occasionally '''es''' ({{pronEng\|ɛs}}), generally ''es-'' when part of a compound word, plural '''esses'''.<ref>"S" ''Oxford English Dictionary,'' 2nd edition (1989); ''Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged'' (1993); "ess," op. cit.</ref>

		==History==

		; spine) and not "Šîn". In ] and ], the {{IPA\|}} value was maintained, and only in modern languages has the letter been used to represent other sounds, such as ] {{IPA\|}} in ] and ] (before p, t) or the ] {{IPA\|}} in English, ] and ] (in English ''rise''; in French ''lisez'' (="read" imperative plural); in German ''lesen'' (="to read").

		Care must be taken for incompletely anglicized words from German and proper names from that language. The trigraph "sch" is pronounced like the English digraph "sh." When S is followed either by a p or t, it is pronounced with the same "sh" sound, but when starting a word followed by a vowel, it is pronounced like the English "z," (not the German one).

		{{IPA notice}}
		An alternative form of ''s'', ſ, called the ] or medial ''s'', was used at the beginning or in the middle of the word; the modern form, the short or terminal ''s'', was used at the end of the word. For example, "sinfulness" is rendered as "ſinfulneſs" using the ''long s''. The use of the ''long s'' died out by the beginning of the ], largely to prevent confusion with the ] '']''. The ligature of ſs (or ſz) became the ] '']'' ( ß ).

		In a high-school ] ] used in the 1960s, a text discussing the discovery of ]s in animal tissue by the English biologist ] was photostatically reproduced, including the long "s." The explanation read, "The type is quaint, but once you notice that an ''s'' is often much like an ''f,'' you fhould have little trouble reading it."
		The long ''s'' has often been parodied in ], including the usage "Poor Alfred'f Almanack."

		S is one of the most commonly used letters of the Latin Alphabet in Basic English language.

		==Codes for computing==
		{{Letter
		\|NATO=Sierra
		\|Morse=···
		\|Character=S
		\|Braille=⠎
		}}
		In ] the ] S is U+0053 and the ] s is U+0073.

		The ] code for capital S is 83 and for lowercase s is 115; or in ] 01010011 and 01110011, correspondingly.

		The ] code for capital S is 226 and for lowercase s is 162.

		The thing off the thing is the thing
		]]s in ] and ] are "<tt>&#83;</tt>" and "<tt>&#115;</tt>" for upper and lower case respectively.

		== Similar letters and symbols ==
		* Ş, ş — S-]
		* ], š — S-caron
		* {{Unicode\|], ș}} — S with comma below (used in ])
		* {{Unicode\|], ś}} — S with acute accent (used in ])
		* ], ŝ — S with circumflex accent (used in ])
		* {{IPA\|ʂ}} — S with hook (used in the ] for the ])
		* {{Unicode\|Ṡ, ṡ}} — S with ] above (used in old ])
		* {{Unicode\| ], ṣ}} — S with dot below (used in ] ])
		* {{Unicode\|Ṥ, ṥ}} — S with acute and dot above
		* {{Unicode\|Ṧ, ṧ}} — S with caron and dot above
		* {{Unicode\|Ṩ, ṩ}} — S with dots below and above
		* {{Unicode\|], ƨ}} — reversed S (used in ] transliteration)
		* ſ — ]
		* {{IPA\|ʃ}} — ] (used in the ] for the ])
		* ∫, ∫ — the ] sign
		* $ — the ]
		* ß — the ] '']'' or "sharp s"
		* Ѕ, ѕ — ] letter ]
		* -dd — Is treated with an "S" sound in Gaelic, especially at the end of words
		* ] the Section Sign

		== See also ==
		{{Commons\|S}}
		For other meanings and uses of the letter "S", see ].

		{{Latin alphabet}}

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Revision as of 21:21, 14 April 2008

For other uses of "S", see "S" (disambiguation). Due to technical restrictions, ſ, the long s, and S#arp (S♯arp) redirect here.

ISO basic Latin alphabet

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
v t e

S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (Template:PronEng), generally es- when part of a compound word, plural esses.

History

spine) and not "Šîn". In Etruscan and Latin, the value was maintained, and only in modern languages has the letter been used to represent other sounds, such as voiceless postalveolar fricative in Hungarian and German (before p, t) or the voiced alveolar fricative in English, French and German (in English rise; in French lisez (="read" imperative plural); in German lesen (="to read").

Care must be taken for incompletely anglicized words from German and proper names from that language. The trigraph "sch" is pronounced like the English digraph "sh." When S is followed either by a p or t, it is pronounced with the same "sh" sound, but when starting a word followed by a vowel, it is pronounced like the English "z," (not the German one).

This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between , / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

An alternative form of s, ſ, called the long s or medial s, was used at the beginning or in the middle of the word; the modern form, the short or terminal s, was used at the end of the word. For example, "sinfulness" is rendered as "ſinfulneſs" using the long s. The use of the long s died out by the beginning of the 19th century, largely to prevent confusion with the minuscule f. The ligature of ſs (or ſz) became the German ess-tsett ( ß ).

In a high-school biology textbook used in the 1960s, a text discussing the discovery of cells in animal tissue by the English biologist Robert Hooke was photostatically reproduced, including the long "s." The explanation read, "The type is quaint, but once you notice that an s is often much like an f, you fhould have little trouble reading it." The long s has often been parodied in Mad Magazine, including the usage "Poor Alfred'f Almanack."

S is one of the most commonly used letters of the Latin Alphabet in Basic English language.

Codes for computing

class="template-letter-box | In Unicode the capital S is U+0053 and the lower case s is U+0073.

The ASCII code for capital S is 83 and for lowercase s is 115; or in binary 01010011 and 01110011, correspondingly.

The EBCDIC code for capital S is 226 and for lowercase s is 162.

The thing off the thing is the thing ]]s in HTML and XML are "S" and "s" for upper and lower case respectively.

Similar letters and symbols

Ş, ş — S-cedilla
Š, š — S-caron
Ș, ș — S with comma below (used in Romanian)
Ś, ś — S with acute accent (used in Polish)
Ŝ, ŝ — S with circumflex accent (used in Esperanto)
ʂ — S with hook (used in the International Phonetic Alphabet for the voiceless retroflex fricative)
Ṡ, ṡ — S with dot above (used in old Irish Gaelic)
Ṣ, ṣ — S with dot below (used in Indic transliteration)
Ṥ, ṥ — S with acute and dot above
Ṧ, ṧ — S with caron and dot above
Ṩ, ṩ — S with dots below and above
Ƨ, ƨ — reversed S (used in Zhuang transliteration)
ſ — long s
ʃ — Esh (used in the International Phonetic Alphabet for the voiceless postalveolar fricative)
∫, ∫ — the integral sign
$ — the dollar sign
ß — the German Eszett or "sharp s"
Ѕ, ѕ — Cyrillic letter Dze
-dd — Is treated with an "S" sound in Gaelic, especially at the end of words
§ the Section Sign

Revision as of 21:21, 14 April 2008

History

Codes for computing

Similar letters and symbols

See also