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'''Lachin''' ({{lang-az|Laçın}}, {{lang-hy|Լաչին}}, {{lang-ku|Laçîn}}) is a town in ] and the regional center of the ]. Before 1923, Lachin was called Abdallar.<ref>] </ref><ref>]. ''Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabagh''. Yerevan: Gitutiun Publishing House, 2001, p. 169.</ref><ref>''Map of Armenia and Adjacent Countries'' by H. F. B. Lynch and F. Oswald, London, 1901.</ref> Since ] the area has been under the control of the '']'' independent unrecognized ], which has renamed the town '''Berdzor''' ({{lang-hy|Բերդձոր}}).<ref>Holding, Nicholas (2006). ''Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh, 2nd: The Bradt Travel Guide''. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press, p. 208. ISBN 1-8416-2163-3.</ref> Its Azerbaijani and Kurdish Muslim population fled as a result of the ]. The town and its surrounding region serve as the strategic ] connecting the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic with ]. '''Lachin''' ({{lang-az|Laçın}}, {{lang-hy|Լաչին}}, {{lang-ku|Laçîn}}) is a town in ] and the regional center of the ]. Before 1923, Lachin was called Abdallar.<ref>] </ref><ref>]. ''Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabagh''. Yerevan: Gitutiun Publishing House, 2001, p. 169.</ref><ref>''Map of Armenia and Adjacent Countries'' by H. F. B. Lynch and F. Oswald, London, 1901.</ref> Since ] the area has been under the control of the '']'' independent unrecognized ], which has renamed the town '''Berdzor''' ({{lang-hy|Բերդձոր}}).<ref>Holding, Nicholas (2006). ''Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh, 2nd: The Bradt Travel Guide''. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press, p. 208. ISBN 1-8416-2163-3.</ref> Its Azerbaijani and Kurdish Muslim population fled as a result of the ]. The town and its surrounding region serve as the strategic ] connecting the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic with ].

==History==
In ], 1992, the city of Lachin "captured by Nagorno Karabakh forces; the first corridor to Armenia opened"<ref>The Russian Army in a Time of Troubles, by Pavel K. Baev, International Peace Research Institute, 1996, 224 pages, ISBN:0761951873, p. 124</ref>. Previously, official ] threatened Armenia in May 13, 1992, "that it would intervene militarily if Shusha and Lachin were not restored to Azerbaijan"<ref>A Study of Crisis, by Michael Brecher, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, 1997, 1064 p., p. 565</ref>. Russia responded by signing a military agreement with Armenia pledging military aid if its security were threatened. On the May 20, 1992, Turkey reassured Russia, that it would not intervene with force<ref>A Study of Crisis, by Michael Brecher, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, 1997, 1064 p., p. 565</ref>.


==Lachin Kurds== ==Lachin Kurds==
{{Unreferencedsection|date=February 2008}} {{Unreferencedsection|date=February 2008}}
The town was inhabited by nomadic ] tribes in the 18th century. Eventually, this population became the majority in most parts of the region, particularly around Lachin. The town of Lachin on ], ], became the capital of ] often known as Red Kurdistan. It was dissolved on ], ]. According to what Bushkapin{{Who|date=May 2008}} wrote, official statistics of ] showed that there were 3,322 Kurdish speakers in Lachin. These figures did not include those individuals who did not speak Kurdish but nonetheless defined themselves as Kurds.<ref>http://www.kurdmedia.com/articles.asp?id=7856</ref>{{Dead link|date=May 2008}} Most of the Kurdish population in Lachin were Shi'a Muslims and were deported by the ] authorities, in late 1930s. However, many Kurds still were able to remain in the town and there was a Kurdish minority in the area before the Nagorno-Karabakh war started. In ], the ''Lachin Kurdish Republic'' was declared in Armenia{{Fact|date=May 2008}} by a group led by ''Wekîl Mustafayev'', but this attempt failed{{Fact|date=February 2008}}. Mustafayev took refuge in ]. The town was settled by the first ] tribes coming from the Iranian Kurdistan in the early 19th century<ref>p. 210</ref>. Eventually, this population became the majority in most parts of the region, particularly around Lachin. The town of Lachin on ], ], became the capital of ] often known as Red Kurdistan. It was dissolved on ], ]: Kurdish schools and newspapers were closed<ref>Soviet Kurds Face Loss of Their Identity, by Catherine Cosman, Director, Helsinki Watch Washington, New York Times, May 13, 1991 June 2, 1991</ref>. The small Kurdish population of Azerbaijan was given "an ethnic territory in the Lachin Corridor between Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia with the aim of attracting the sympathy of Kurds in Turkey" to the ]<ref>The Crimean Tatars: The Diaspora Experience and the Forging of a Nation, by Brian Glyn Williams, 2001, 488 p., ISBN:9004121226, p. 363</ref>. ]'s letter to ] "had implied that Lachin was to be included in Azerbaijan, but the authorities in Baku and Yerevan were given promises that were inevitably contradictory"<ref>Muslims of the Soviet Empire, by Alexandre Bennigsen, S.Enders Wimbush, 1986,
C. Hurst & Co Publishers, 286 p., ISBN:1850650098, p. 202</ref>. According to what Bushkapin{{Who|date=May 2008}} wrote, official statistics of ] showed that there were 3,322 Kurdish speakers in Lachin. These figures did not include those individuals who did not speak Kurdish but nonetheless defined themselves as Kurds.<ref>http://www.kurdmedia.com/articles.asp?id=7856</ref>{{Dead link|date=May 2008}} Most of the Kurdish population in Lachin were Shi'a Muslims and were deported by the ] authorities, in late 1930s. However, many Kurds still were able to remain in the town and there was a Kurdish minority in the area before the Nagorno-Karabakh war started.


==Terrain== ==Terrain==
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==Nagorno-Karabakh war== ==Nagorno-Karabakh war==
⚫ Lachin town and the surrounding rayon were the location of severe fighting during the 1990-1994 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and the town has not recovered from the destruct of that war. Lachin is the most important town under Armenian control because of the ] which attaches ] to Nagorno-Karabakh. The ] Minsk group co-chairs noted that "Lachin has been treated as a separate case in previous negotiations". This is because Lachin is Nagorno Karabakh's humanitarian and security corridor. Without it, Nagorno-Karabakh would remain an isolated enclave. It is because of Lachin's political and geographic reality and security dimension, that it is viewed differently in the negotiation
During the occupation of Lachin, May 18, 1992, 333 citizen of Lachin were killed, and 225 people injured<ref>in Azerbaijani</ref>.
⚫ Lachin town and the surrounding rayon were the location of severe fighting during the 1990-1994 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and the town has not recovered from the destruction of that war. Lachin is the most important town under Armenian control because of the ] which attaches ] to Nagorno-Karabakh. The ] Minsk group co-chairs noted that "Lachin has been treated as a separate case in previous negotiations". This is because Lachin is Nagorno Karabakh's humanitarian and security corridor. Without it, Nagorno-Karabakh would remain an isolated enclave. It is because of Lachin's political and geographic reality and security dimension, that it is viewed differently in the negotiation
process.<ref>http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:0Sxzs0-JPsIJ:www.armeniaemb.org/ArmeniaUS/NKPeaceProcess/NKRPeaceStatement170305.htm+Lachin+Nagorno-Karabakh&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=8&gl=us</ref> The Lachin corridor and the Kelbajar district have been at the center of Armenian process.<ref>http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:0Sxzs0-JPsIJ:www.armeniaemb.org/ArmeniaUS/NKPeaceProcess/NKRPeaceStatement170305.htm+Lachin+Nagorno-Karabakh&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=8&gl=us</ref> The Lachin corridor and the Kelbajar district have been at the center of Armenian
demands during the Nagorno-Karabakh peace talks with Azerbaijan.<ref></ref> demands during the Nagorno-Karabakh peace talks with Azerbaijan.<ref></ref> According to Emmanuel Karagiannis, the Lachin corridor is "too strategic position for Karabakh Armenians to let Azerbaijan place its military forces there, driving, a vedge between the enclave and Armenia" <ref>Energy and Security in the Caucasus, by Emmanuel Karagiannis, 2002, Routledge, 233 p., ISBN:0700714812, p. 50</ref>.


==Administrative divisions== ==Adminstartive divisions==
Before the Nagorno-Karabakh war there were 125 villages, one city-type settlement, ], and the capital city in the Lachin district. Before the Nagorno-Karabakh war there were 125 villages, one city-type settlement, ], and the capital city in the Lachin district.

==Culture and Infrastructure==
Before the Nagorno-Karabakh war, in Lachin there were 101 ]s, 142<ref>in Azerbaijani</ref> ]s, and more than 200 historical monuments belong to IX-XV centuries.<ref> in Azerbaijani</ref>

==Ethnic Groups==

Lachin was mainly populated by ] and ] before the Nagorno-Karabakh war.


==Religious== ==Religious==
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] ]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]

Revision as of 13:00, 22 May 2008

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Lachin
Map of Azerbaijan showing Lachin rayon
Map of Azerbaijan showing Lachin rayon
Population (2006): 5.000-6.000
Area (sq. km.): 1.883
Majority people
Majority speaking
Religion
Capital: Lachin
Number of villages 125
Number of towns 2

Lachin (Template:Lang-az, Template:Lang-hy, Template:Lang-ku) is a town in Azerbaijan and the regional center of the rayon of Lachin. Before 1923, Lachin was called Abdallar. Since 1992 the area has been under the control of the de facto independent unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, which has renamed the town Berdzor (Template:Lang-hy). Its Azerbaijani and Kurdish Muslim population fled as a result of the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The town and its surrounding region serve as the strategic Lachin corridor connecting the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic with Armenia.

History

In 15 May, 1992, the city of Lachin "captured by Nagorno Karabakh forces; the first corridor to Armenia opened". Previously, official Turkey threatened Armenia in May 13, 1992, "that it would intervene militarily if Shusha and Lachin were not restored to Azerbaijan". Russia responded by signing a military agreement with Armenia pledging military aid if its security were threatened. On the May 20, 1992, Turkey reassured Russia, that it would not intervene with force.

Lachin Kurds

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

The town was settled by the first Kurdish tribes coming from the Iranian Kurdistan in the early 19th century. Eventually, this population became the majority in most parts of the region, particularly around Lachin. The town of Lachin on July 7, 1923, became the capital of Kurdistan Uyezd often known as Red Kurdistan. It was dissolved on April 8, 1929: Kurdish schools and newspapers were closed. The small Kurdish population of Azerbaijan was given "an ethnic territory in the Lachin Corridor between Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia with the aim of attracting the sympathy of Kurds in Turkey" to the USSR. Vladimir Lenin's letter to Narimanov "had implied that Lachin was to be included in Azerbaijan, but the authorities in Baku and Yerevan were given promises that were inevitably contradictory". According to what Bushkapin wrote, official statistics of 1931 showed that there were 3,322 Kurdish speakers in Lachin. These figures did not include those individuals who did not speak Kurdish but nonetheless defined themselves as Kurds. Most of the Kurdish population in Lachin were Shi'a Muslims and were deported by the Soviet authorities, in late 1930s. However, many Kurds still were able to remain in the town and there was a Kurdish minority in the area before the Nagorno-Karabakh war started.

Terrain

The town is scenically built on the side of a mountain on the left bank of Akera river.

Nagorno-Karabakh war

Lachin town and the surrounding rayon were the location of severe fighting during the 1990-1994 Nagorno-Karabakh war, and the town has not recovered from the destruct of that war. Lachin is the most important town under Armenian control because of the Lachin corridor which attaches Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh. The OSCE Minsk group co-chairs noted that "Lachin has been treated as a separate case in previous negotiations". This is because Lachin is Nagorno Karabakh's humanitarian and security corridor. Without it, Nagorno-Karabakh would remain an isolated enclave. It is because of Lachin's political and geographic reality and security dimension, that it is viewed differently in the negotiation process. The Lachin corridor and the Kelbajar district have been at the center of Armenian demands during the Nagorno-Karabakh peace talks with Azerbaijan. According to Emmanuel Karagiannis, the Lachin corridor is "too strategic position for Karabakh Armenians to let Azerbaijan place its military forces there, driving, a vedge between the enclave and Armenia" .

Adminstartive divisions

Before the Nagorno-Karabakh war there were 125 villages, one city-type settlement, Minkend, and the capital city in the Lachin district.

Religious

See also

External links

Notes

  1. Eurasia Inside's report
  2. ANS How Lachin was occupied? (in Azerbaijani)
  3. Karapetian, Samvel. Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabagh. Yerevan: Gitutiun Publishing House, 2001, p. 169.
  4. Map of Armenia and Adjacent Countries by H. F. B. Lynch and F. Oswald, London, 1901.
  5. Holding, Nicholas (2006). Armenia with Nagorno Karabagh, 2nd: The Bradt Travel Guide. Guilford, Connecticut: Globe Pequot Press, p. 208. ISBN 1-8416-2163-3.
  6. The Russian Army in a Time of Troubles, by Pavel K. Baev, International Peace Research Institute, 1996, 224 pages, ISBN:0761951873, p. 124
  7. A Study of Crisis, by Michael Brecher, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, 1997, 1064 p., p. 565
  8. A Study of Crisis, by Michael Brecher, Jonathan Wilkenfeld, 1997, 1064 p., p. 565
  9. p. 210
  10. Soviet Kurds Face Loss of Their Identity, by Catherine Cosman, Director, Helsinki Watch Washington, New York Times, May 13, 1991 June 2, 1991
  11. The Crimean Tatars: The Diaspora Experience and the Forging of a Nation, by Brian Glyn Williams, 2001, 488 p., ISBN:9004121226, p. 363
  12. Muslims of the Soviet Empire, by Alexandre Bennigsen, S.Enders Wimbush, 1986, C. Hurst & Co Publishers, 286 p., ISBN:1850650098, p. 202
  13. http://www.kurdmedia.com/articles.asp?id=7856
  14. Great Soviet Encyclopedia
  15. http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:0Sxzs0-JPsIJ:www.armeniaemb.org/ArmeniaUS/NKPeaceProcess/NKRPeaceStatement170305.htm+Lachin+Nagorno-Karabakh&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=8&gl=us
  16. CountryWatch - Interesting Facts Of The World
  17. Energy and Security in the Caucasus, by Emmanuel Karagiannis, 2002, Routledge, 233 p., ISBN:0700714812, p. 50

39°38′N 46°33′E / 39.633°N 46.550°E / 39.633; 46.550

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