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| Blanchard has conducted research on the ], discovering the ], also called the 'older brother effect. The more older brothers a man has, the greater the probability is that he will have a ] ]. The number of older ''sisters'' has no effect, however. The same is not true for lesbians—neither the number of older brothers nor the number of older sisters appears to be related to the sexual orientation of women. | Blanchard has conducted research on the ], discovering the ], also called the 'older brother effect. The more older brothers a man has, the greater the probability is that he will have a ] ]. The number of older ''sisters'' has no effect, however. The same is not true for lesbians—neither the number of older brothers nor the number of older sisters appears to be related to the sexual orientation of women.<ref>Blanchard, R., & Bogaert, A. F. (1996). Homosexuality in men and number of older brothers. ''American Journal of Psychiatry, 153,'' 27–31.</ref><ref>Blanchard, R., & Bogaert, A. F. (1996). Biodemographic comparisons of homosexual and heterosexual men in the Kinsey interview data. ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 25,'' 551–579.</ref><ref>Blanchard, R., Zucker, K. J., Siegelman, M., Dickey, R., & Klassen, P. (1998). The relation of birth order to sexual orientation in men and women. ''Journal of Biosocial Science, 30,'' 511–519.</ref> | ||
| The fraternal birth order effect is the strongest known predictor of sexual orientation, each older brother increases a man's odds of being gay by about 33%.<ref>Cantor, J. M., Blanchard, R., Paterson, A. D., & Bogaert, A. F. (2002). How many gay men owe their sexual orientation to fraternal birth order? ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31,'' 63–71.</ref> | The fraternal birth order effect is the strongest known predictor of sexual orientation, each older brother increases a man's odds of being gay by about 33%.<ref>Cantor, J. M., Blanchard, R., Paterson, A. D., & Bogaert, A. F. (2002). How many gay men owe their sexual orientation to fraternal birth order? ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31,'' 63–71.</ref> | ||
Revision as of 00:36, 25 May 2008
Ray Blanchard is an American-Canadian sexologist, best known for his research studies on pedophilia, gender identity, and sexual orientation. He has also published research studies on phallometry and several paraphilias, including transvestism and autoerotic asphyxia. He is currently the head of Clinical Sexology Services at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, Canada.
Fraternal birth order effect
Blanchard has conducted research on the biological origins of sexual orientation, discovering the fraternal birth order effect, also called the 'older brother effect. The more older brothers a man has, the greater the probability is that he will have a homosexual sexual orientation. The number of older sisters has no effect, however. The same is not true for lesbians—neither the number of older brothers nor the number of older sisters appears to be related to the sexual orientation of women.
The fraternal birth order effect is the strongest known predictor of sexual orientation, each older brother increases a man's odds of being gay by about 33%.
Theory of autogynephilia
Further information: Blanchard, Bailey, and Lawrence theoryBlanchard coined the term autogynephilia to describe men with an erotic desire to be women and proposed a theory that all transsexual women could be usefully classified as either autogynephiles or extremely effeminate gay men who needed to become female to express their sexuality. He termed the latter group homosexual transsexuals.
Within the transsexual community, there has been much controversy surrounding Blanchard's ideas.
Blanchard is on record as supporting sex reassignment surgery as an appropriate treatment for both subtypes of transsexual people. For example, in 1998, the Ontario Health Insurance Plan ceased funding all sex reassignment surgeries in the province under the guise of cutting costs. Blanchard strongly supported Michelle Josef's lawsuit to get funding restored as being medically necessary.
Until the late 1990s, Blanchard's theory was practically unknown outside of the sexology field, when Anne Lawrence, a physician and sexologist who identifies herself as an autogynephilic transsexual, began publishing materials in support of Blanchard's theory and advanced knowledge of the theory within the transsexual community. A non-technical book about male femininity by J. Michael Bailey outlines this theory in one of its chapters, and a concerted public campaign against the author was intitiated by three prominent transwomen.
Citations
- Blanchard, R., & Bogaert, A. F. (1996). Homosexuality in men and number of older brothers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 27–31.
- Blanchard, R., & Bogaert, A. F. (1996). Biodemographic comparisons of homosexual and heterosexual men in the Kinsey interview data. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 25, 551–579.
- Blanchard, R., Zucker, K. J., Siegelman, M., Dickey, R., & Klassen, P. (1998). The relation of birth order to sexual orientation in men and women. Journal of Biosocial Science, 30, 511–519.
- Cantor, J. M., Blanchard, R., Paterson, A. D., & Bogaert, A. F. (2002). How many gay men owe their sexual orientation to fraternal birth order? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31, 63–71.
See also
External links
- Origins of the Concept of Autogynephilia - Written by Blanchard in February 2004
- Ray Blanchard on TS Roadmap (negative viewpoint)
- A site maintained by homosexual transsexuals (positive viewpoint)