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| '''Grenzschutzgruppe 9''' (Border protection group 9) is the ] ] unit, and is considered to be among the best ] units in the world. Many other counterterrorist units were modeled after the GSG 9. | '''Grenzschutzgruppe 9''' (Border protection group 9) is the ] ] unit, and is considered to be among the best ] units in the world. Many other counterterrorist units were modeled after the GSG 9. | ||
| =Organization= | ==Organization== | ||
| The unit forms part of the ], and has normal ] authority, as for example the power of arrest. The GSG 9 belongs to the “Bundesgrenzschutz” (Federal Border Guard), which is under the sovereignty of the federal ministry of the interior The “Bundesgrenzschutz” also provides aerial transportation for the GSG 9. However, regular police is under the sovereignty of the ], as are “Spezialeinsatzkommandos” (SEK) (German ]). | The unit forms part of the ], and has normal ] authority, as for example the power of arrest. The GSG 9 belongs to the “Bundesgrenzschutz” (Federal Border Guard), which is under the sovereignty of the federal ministry of the interior The “Bundesgrenzschutz” also provides aerial transportation for the GSG 9. However, regular police is under the sovereignty of the ], as are “Spezialeinsatzkommandos” (SEK) (German ]). | ||
| The GSG 9 is based in Hangelar near ] and consists of three main sub-groups, plus a number of support groups as shown below. | The GSG 9 is based in Hangelar near ] and consists of three main sub-groups, plus a number of support groups as shown below. | ||
| ==GSG-9/1 (regular counter-terrorism )== | ===GSG-9/1 (regular counter-terrorism )=== | ||
| The first sub group of the GSG 9 is used for regular counter-terrorism, involving insertions from land. This may involve cases of ] taking, ], ], and ]. The group may also be used to secure locations, neutralize targets, ] and fugitive hunting. The group has approximately 100 members. | The first sub group of the GSG 9 is used for regular counter-terrorism, involving insertions from land. This may involve cases of ] taking, ], ], and ]. The group may also be used to secure locations, neutralize targets, ] and fugitive hunting. The group has approximately 100 members. | ||
| ==GSG-9/2 (maritime counter-terrorism)== | ===GSG-9/2 (maritime counter-terrorism)=== | ||
| The second sub group of the GSG 9 is used for counter-terrorism involving insertions by sea, as for example the ] of ships or oil platforms. The group has approximately 100 members. | The second sub group of the GSG 9 is used for counter-terrorism involving insertions by sea, as for example the ] of ships or oil platforms. The group has approximately 100 members. | ||
| ==GSG-9/3 (airborne counter-terrorism )== |
===GSG-9/3 (airborne counter-terrorism )=== | ||
| The second sub group of the GSG 9 is used for counter-terrorism involving airborne insertions, including ] and insertions by ]. The group has approximately 50 members. | The second sub group of the GSG 9 is used for counter-terrorism involving airborne insertions, including ] and insertions by ]. The group has approximately 50 members. | ||
| ==Technical Unit== | ===Technical Unit=== | ||
| This unit supports other units in obtaining entry to target areas. | This unit supports other units in obtaining entry to target areas. | ||
| ==Central Services== | ===Central Services=== | ||
| This service group maintains the ] of the GSG 9, and is involved in testing, repairing and purchasing of ], ], and ]. | This service group maintains the ] of the GSG 9, and is involved in testing, repairing and purchasing of ], ], and ]. | ||
| ==Documentation Unit== | ===Documentation Unit=== | ||
| This unit handles the ] of the GSG 9, including the testing, repairing and purchasing of communication and ] equipment. | This unit handles the ] of the GSG 9, including the testing, repairing and purchasing of communication and ] equipment. | ||
| ==Operations Staff== | ===Operations Staff=== | ||
| This is the administration of the GSG 9. | This is the administration of the GSG 9. | ||
| ==Training Unit== | ===Training Unit=== | ||
| This unit trains existing members, and selects, recruits and trains the new members. | This unit trains existing members, and selects, recruits and trains the new members. | ||
| =Tasks= | ==Tasks== | ||
| The GSG 9 is used to act against cases of ] taking, ], ], and ]. The group may also be used to secure locations, neutralize targets, ] and fugitive hunting. Furthermore the group is very active in developing and testing methods and tactics for these tasks. Finally, the group may provide consultation to the different ], ] and international allies. The group assists the Bundesgrenzschutz, other federal agencies, and local agencies by request. | The GSG 9 is used to act against cases of ] taking, ], ], and ]. The group may also be used to secure locations, neutralize targets, ] and fugitive hunting. Furthermore the group is very active in developing and testing methods and tactics for these tasks. Finally, the group may provide consultation to the different ], ] and international allies. The group assists the Bundesgrenzschutz, other federal agencies, and local agencies by request. | ||
| =Training= | ==Training== | ||
| Members of the Bundesgrenzschutz with 2 years of service can join the GSG 9. The training lasts 22 weeks. Besides medical tests there are a lot of physical and psychological requirements, for example running 5000 meters within 23 minutes and jump at least 2.4 meters. The training consists of 13 weeks of basic training and 9 weeks of advanced training. The identity of the GSG 9 members is classified as ]. Further training is often conducted in cooperation with other allied ] units. | Members of the Bundesgrenzschutz with 2 years of service can join the GSG 9. The training lasts 22 weeks. Besides medical tests there are a lot of physical and psychological requirements, for example running 5000 meters within 23 minutes and jump at least 2.4 meters. The training consists of 13 weeks of basic training and 9 weeks of advanced training. The identity of the GSG 9 members is classified as ]. Further training is often conducted in cooperation with other allied ] units. | ||
| =History= | ==History== | ||
| The unit was established in 1972 under the leadership of general ], after the police failed miserably in dealing with the "]" - a terrorist action carried out by the ] movement during the ]. The creation of the GSG 9 was assisted by the expertise of the British ] and the Israeli ]. The GSG 9 was officially established on April 17, ]. | The unit was established in 1972 under the leadership of general ], after the police failed miserably in dealing with the "]" - a terrorist action carried out by the ] movement during the ]. The creation of the GSG 9 was assisted by the expertise of the British ] and the Israeli ]. The GSG 9 was officially established on April 17, ]. | ||
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| The probably most well known ] of the GSG 9 was the liberation of the ] of the ] group in the ] flight 707 '']'' in ], ] in the night from the 17th to the 18th October ]. For Details of the ] see ]. | The probably most well known ] of the GSG 9 was the liberation of the ] of the ] group in the ] flight 707 '']'' in ], ] in the night from the 17th to the 18th October ]. For Details of the ] see ]. | ||
| ==Publicly known missions== | ===Publicly known missions=== | ||
| *October 17/18 ]: Liberation of the ] of the ] group in the ] flight 707 '']'' | *October 17/18 ]: Liberation of the ] of the ] group in the ] flight 707 '']'' | ||
| *]: Arrest of the ] ] Mohnhaupt und Schulz | *]: Arrest of the ] ] Mohnhaupt und Schulz | ||
Revision as of 07:27, 20 January 2004
Grenzschutzgruppe 9 (Border protection group 9) is the German counter-terrorism unit, and is considered to be among the best counter-terrorism units in the world. Many other counterterrorist units were modeled after the GSG 9.
Organization
The unit forms part of the police, and has normal police authority, as for example the power of arrest. The GSG 9 belongs to the “Bundesgrenzschutz” (Federal Border Guard), which is under the sovereignty of the federal ministry of the interior The “Bundesgrenzschutz” also provides aerial transportation for the GSG 9. However, regular police is under the sovereignty of the States, as are “Spezialeinsatzkommandos” (SEK) (German SWAT).
The GSG 9 is based in Hangelar near Bonn and consists of three main sub-groups, plus a number of support groups as shown below.
GSG-9/1 (regular counter-terrorism )
The first sub group of the GSG 9 is used for regular counter-terrorism, involving insertions from land. This may involve cases of hostage taking, kidnapping, terrorism, and extortion. The group may also be used to secure locations, neutralize targets, sniping and fugitive hunting. The group has approximately 100 members.
GSG-9/2 (maritime counter-terrorism)
The second sub group of the GSG 9 is used for counter-terrorism involving insertions by sea, as for example the hijacking of ships or oil platforms. The group has approximately 100 members.
GSG-9/3 (airborne counter-terrorism )
The second sub group of the GSG 9 is used for counter-terrorism involving airborne insertions, including parachuting and insertions by helicopter. The group has approximately 50 members.
Technical Unit
This unit supports other units in obtaining entry to target areas.
Central Services
This service group maintains the armory of the GSG 9, and is involved in testing, repairing and purchasing of weapons, ammunition, and explosives.
Documentation Unit
This unit handles the communication of the GSG 9, including the testing, repairing and purchasing of communication and surveillance equipment.
Operations Staff
This is the administration of the GSG 9.
Training Unit
This unit trains existing members, and selects, recruits and trains the new members.
Tasks
The GSG 9 is used to act against cases of hostage taking, kidnapping, terrorism, and extortion. The group may also be used to secure locations, neutralize targets, sniping and fugitive hunting. Furthermore the group is very active in developing and testing methods and tactics for these tasks. Finally, the group may provide consultation to the different States, Ministries and international allies. The group assists the Bundesgrenzschutz, other federal agencies, and local agencies by request.
Training
Members of the Bundesgrenzschutz with 2 years of service can join the GSG 9. The training lasts 22 weeks. Besides medical tests there are a lot of physical and psychological requirements, for example running 5000 meters within 23 minutes and jump at least 2.4 meters. The training consists of 13 weeks of basic training and 9 weeks of advanced training. The identity of the GSG 9 members is classified as top secret. Further training is often conducted in cooperation with other allied counter-terrorism units.
History
The unit was established in 1972 under the leadership of general Ulrich K Wegener, after the police failed miserably in dealing with the "Munich massacre" - a terrorist action carried out by the Black September movement during the 1972 Summer Olympic Games. The creation of the GSG 9 was assisted by the expertise of the British SAS and the Israeli Sayeret Matkal. The GSG 9 was officially established on April 17, 1973.
The probably most well known mission of the GSG 9 was the liberation of the hostages of the RAF group in the Lufthansa flight 707 Landshut in Mogadishu, Somalia in the night from the 17th to the 18th October 1977. For Details of the hijacking see RAF.
Publicly known missions
- October 17/18 1977: Liberation of the hostages of the RAF group in the Lufthansa flight 707 Landshut
- 1982: Arrest of the RAF terrorists Mohnhaupt und Schulz
- June 27 1993: Arrest of the RAF terrorists Birgit Hogefeld and Wolfgang Grams in Bad Kleinen. Some people believed that Wolfgang Grams was executed in revenge for the death of the policeman Rüdiger Newrzella during the mission, however, the official investigation determined that Grams committed suicide.
- 1993: Ending of the hijacking of a KLM flight from Tunis to Amsterdam, redirected to Düsseldorf without firing a single shot.
- 1994: End of a hostage situation in the Kassel Penitentiary
- 1994: Involved in the search for the kidnappers Albert and Polak
- 1998: Arrest of a extortionist of the German railway Deutsche Bahn AG
- 1999: Arrest of Metin Kaplan in Cologne
- 1999: Arrest of two suspected members of the Roten Zellen in Berlin
- 1999: Involved in the ending of the hijacking in the central bank in Aachen
- 2000: Advised the Philippines related to a hostage situation
- 2001: Arrested two spies in Heidelberg
- 2001: Aided in the liberation of four German tourists in Egypt
- 2001: Arrested a number of terrorists related to the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks
- 2002: Arrested a number of terrorists related to the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks
- 2003: Protection of the four members of the German "Technisches Hilfswerk" (THW) (the governmental disaster relief organization of Germany) in Baghdad, Iraq. The THW's mission is to repair the water distribution network.
However, most of the missions are confidential and not made public. Since the founding of the GSG 9 the group has participated on over 1300 missions, yet fired shots only on 4 occasions (official count). These occasions were 1977 in Mogadishu and 1993 in Bad Kleinen, furthermore two more missions were firearms were used to defend themselves against dogs of the persons to be arrested.