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| ===Theatre=== | ===Theatre=== | ||
| The ] is a theater and opera house which was constructed in 1900. In 1898, the copper mining industry was booming, and the town had an enormous surplus in its treasury. The town council decided to spend some of the surplus on a theater. The theater hosted a large number of famous actors, musicians, and opera singers. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calumettheatre.com/history.htm|title=History of the Calumet Theatre}}</ref> With the close of the mines, the theater became a movie theater and fell into general disrepair for many years. In 1975, the town began a large project to repair and restore the theater, which is now used for many local and touring productions. The theatre is a ]. | The ] is a theater and opera house which was constructed in 1900. In 1898, the copper mining industry was booming, and the town had an enormous surplus in its treasury. The town council decided to spend some of the surplus on a theater. The theater hosted a large number of famous actors, musicians, and opera singers. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.calumettheatre.com/history.htm|title=History of the Calumet Theatre}}</ref> With the close of the mines, the theater became a movie theater and fell into general disrepair for many years. In 1975, the town began a large project to repair and restore the theater, which is now used for many local and touring productions. The theatre is a ]. | ||
| In 1984, Calumet's name was borrowed by Hollywood, where it was invaded by Soviet paratroopers in the film "Red Dawn." One of the film's producers grew up on the Keweenaw Peninsula. | |||
| ==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
Revision as of 16:01, 9 August 2008
Village in Michigan, United States| Calumet, Michigan | |
|---|---|
| Village | |
 Location of Calumet, Michigan | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Michigan |
| County | Houghton |
| Area | |
| • Total | 0.2 sq mi (0.5 km) |
| • Land | 0.2 sq mi (0.5 km) |
| • Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km) |
| Elevation | 1,214 ft (370 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 879 |
| • Density | 4,524.2/sq mi (1,746.8/km) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 49913, 49942 |
| Area code | 906 |
| FIPS code | 26-12580Template:GR |
| GNIS feature ID | 0622468Template:GR |
| Calumet Downtown Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark District | |
  | |
| Location | Calumet, Michigan |
|---|---|
| Architect | Shand,C.K. |
| Architectural style | No Style Listed |
| NRHP reference No. | 74000986 |
| Added to NRHP | June 25, 1974 |
Calumet is a village in Calumet Township, Houghton County, in the U.S. state of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, that was once at the center of the mining industry of the Upper Peninsula. The unincorporated towns of Blue Jacket". and Newton border it on the northwest and south respectively. The population was 879 at the 2000 census.
History
What is now Calumet was settled in 1864, originally under the name of "Red Jacket", named for a Native American Chief of the Seneca tribe. Until 1895 the name "Calumet" was used by the nearby town of Laurium, Michigan; present day Calumet was not legally named so until 1929.
Red Jacket grew due to the copper mines in the area. It was incorporated as a town in 1867. The copper mines were particularly rich; the Red Jacket-based Calumet and Hecla Mining Company produced more than half of the USA's copper from 1871 through 1880. In addition to copper mining and smelting, the region also supported the dairy industry and truck farming.
By 1900, Red Jacket had a population of 4,668, and Calumet Township, which contained Red Jacket and nearby mining towns, had a population of 25,991. However, in 1913, Red Jacket suffered from mining labor strikes, and the population began to decline. 2000 census data gives 36,016 for the entire county. In the same year, the town was the site of the Italian Hall Disaster. Striking miners and their families were gathered on Christmas Eve for a party in Italian Hall, when the cry of "fire" precipitated a stampede that crushed or suffocated seventy-five victims, the majority of them children. The identity of the person(s) who started the stampede has never been determined. Folk singer Woody Guthrie's song, "1913 Massacre", is based on this event.
Loss of wartime demand caused the copper price to drop following World War I. With the decreased demand for copper, thousands left Red Jacket in the 1920s, many moving to Detroit, Michigan where the automobile industry was booming.
In 1929, Red Jacket and surrounding company towns including "Laurium, Hecla, and South Hecla" were reincorporated as the town of "Calumet". To be even more confusing, the area once officially known as Calumet was then re-named to Laurium.
During the Great Depression, almost all mines were shut down. As a result, many miners and their families left to find work. In 1950, the population of Calumet was 1,256 people. Small-time mining continued in the area, particularly during World War II until it was shut down completely by a labor strike in 1968.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.5 km²), all land.
Calumet is at an elevation of 1,209 feet above sea level.
Parts of the Keweenaw National Historical Park are located inside the village limits.
The village of Calumet now sits on over 2,000 miles of underground mine shafts, drifts and stopes, all empty since 1968. As the geology of the area matures, it can be expected that some areas of the village could be susceptible to "caving" or sink holes as the old stopes near surface move and cause the surface to depress, in particular areas located near the oldest workings.
There is no current interest in re-opening these old mines, however with world copper prices reaching over $2 per pound in December 2005 hope of dewatering these mines was regenerated, especially the largest vertical shaft, the Red Jacket mine, located just west of Calumet. In summer 2003, mine site remediation work on the old Calumet and Hecla #17 shaft, located at US41 and M203, indicated shaft stability, water levels and quality to be consistent with historical interpretations. This has given promise to the condition of the shafts in surrounding vicinities.
People and Culture
One of the biggest parts of the culture of not only Calumet, but the entire Copper Country is the pasty. This was a main part of copper miners' diets. A pasty is a mixture of meat, potatoes, rutabaga, carrots and onions wrapped in a crust made of flour and lard. Traditionally Cornish, they have even sparked local events such as the Pasty Fest, where there are eating contests (with consumption of pasties, of course), games, events, and even a tug of war event where the losers take a dive into an inflatable pool filled with ketchup.
Theatre
The Calumet Theatre is a theater and opera house which was constructed in 1900. In 1898, the copper mining industry was booming, and the town had an enormous surplus in its treasury. The town council decided to spend some of the surplus on a theater. The theater hosted a large number of famous actors, musicians, and opera singers. With the close of the mines, the theater became a movie theater and fell into general disrepair for many years. In 1975, the town began a large project to repair and restore the theater, which is now used for many local and touring productions. The theatre is a National Historic Landmark.
In 1984, Calumet's name was borrowed by Hollywood, where it was invaded by Soviet paratroopers in the film "Red Dawn." One of the film's producers grew up on the Keweenaw Peninsula.
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 2,140 | — | |
| 1890 | 3,073 | 43.6% | |
| 1900 | 4,668 | 51.9% | |
| 1910 | 4,211 | −9.8% | |
| 1920 | 2,390 | −43.2% | |
| 1930 | 1,557 | −34.9% | |
| 1940 | 1,400 | −10.1% | |
| 1950 | 1,256 | −10.3% | |
| 1960 | 1,139 | −9.3% | |
| 1970 | 1,007 | −11.6% |
As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 879 people, 387 households, and 136 families residing in the village. The population density was 4,524.2 per square mile (1,786.2/km²). There were 491 housing units at an average density of 2,527.1/sq mi (997.8/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 98.98% White, 0.23% from other races, and 0.80% from two or more races. 0.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 35.7% were of Finnish, 10.3% German, 9.3% Irish, 7.1% United States or American, 7.0% French and 6.5% Italian ancestry according to Census 2000. 95.7% spoke English, 3.0% Spanish and 1.2% Finnish as their first language.
There were 387 households out of which 20.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 19.9% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 64.6% were non-families. 58.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 25.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.85 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the village the population was spread out with 20.0% under the age of 18, 24.8% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 15.8% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.6 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $17,404, and the median income for a family was $22,750. Males had a median income of $21,667 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,111. About 29.0% of families and 35.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.5% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.
Museums and Galleries
- Copper Country Associated Artists
- The Omphale Gallery is a not-for-profit contemporary art gallery in Calumet.
- Spare Room Gallery
- The Vertin Gallery is another gallery with works by local artists, including open, working studio space on the second floor.
External links
- Calumet Public Schools
- Copper Country: Calumet and Hecla Mining
- Calumet Pasty Festival
- Hunts' Guide to the Upper Peninsula: Calumet
- Calumet Views At Copper Country Explorer
- Main Street Calumet, Michigan: Commercial District Revitalization through Historic Preservation and Economic Development
- photograph of area that is "apparently" Blue Jacket
- Vertin Gallery
Notes and references
- "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15.
- "Calumet Historic District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
- Eckert, Katerine Bishop (Reprint Edition 1995). Buildings of Michigan (Society of Architectural Historians). Oxford University Press, USA. p. 461. ISBN 0195093798.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|year=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help)CS1 maint: year (link) - "MTU Digital Archive".
- Horace J. Stevens (1902) The Copper Handbook, v.2, Houghton, Mich.: Horace J. Stevens, p.1457,1466.
- "InfoMI page on Calumet".
- "History of the Calumet Theatre".
47°14′48″N 88°27′14″W / 47.24667°N 88.45389°W / 47.24667; -88.45389
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