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| {{coor title dms|36|25|53|N|30|27|21|E|region:TR_type:mountain}} | |||
| :''For other uses, see ]. | |||
| ] | |||
| '''Yanartaş''' is the name of a geographical feature near ] valley and ] in ] in southwestern ], at a distance of about forty kilometers to the southwest from the city of ], between the district center of ] and the township of ], near present ]. | |||
| '''Chimaera''', in antiquity, in addition to being the name of a monster, was the name of a volcanic site which was held , by ] ], to have inspired the myth. | |||
| It is characterized by a permanent fire caused by methane emissions and the area is located on a track popular with hikers and trekkers on the ]. | |||
| ]ally active region was the inspiration for the myth]] ] (as cited by ] and quoted by ]) identified the Chimaera with an area of permanent gas vents which can still be found today by hikers on the ] in southwest ]. It now lies in ], about forty kilometers to the southwest from the city of ], between the district center of ] and the township of ], near present ]. Called in Turkish ''Yanartas'' (flaming rock), it consists of some two dozen vents in the ground, grouped in two patches on the hillside above the Temple of ] about 3 km north of ], near ancient ], in ]. The vents emit burning ] thought to be of ] origin, which in ancient times sailors could navigate by, and which today is used to brew ]. (] held the Chimaera to be a ravine on a ''different'' mountain in Lycia.) | |||
| Some sources state that this ]ally active region was the inspiration for the myth ]. This was the citation given by ], who in his second book of ] identified the Chimaera with the permanent gas vents in Mount Chimera, in the country of the ancient Lycian city of ], which he described as being "on fire", adding ''"...indeed burned with a flame that does not die by day or night"''. Pliny was quoted by ] and ], although the exact location of the mountain described by Strabo is still open to debate. | |||
| ⚫ | Strabo and Pliny are the only surviving ancient sources who would be expected to discuss a Lycian ], but the placename is also attested by ] and ], the commentator on the ]. Isidore quotes writers on natural history (see below) that Mount Chimaera was on fire |
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| Called in Turkish ''Yanartaş'' (flaming rock), the spot consists of some two dozen vents in the ground, grouped in two patches on the hillside above the Temple of ] about 3 km north of the village of ], near ancient ], in ]. The vents emit ] thought to be of ] origin, which can spontaneously ignite. In ancient times sailors could navigate by the flames, but today they are more often used to brew ], the flames being of little use for navigation now. | |||
| The site was identified by Sir ] in 1811, and described by ] in his ''Travels in ], ], and the ]tis, in company with the late Rev. E. T. Daniell.'' (1847) | |||
| ⚫ | Strabo and Pliny are the only surviving ancient sources who would be expected to discuss a Lycian ], but the placename is also attested by ] and ], the commentator on the ]. ] held the Chimaera to be a ravine on a ''different'' mountain in Lycia, placing it unhesitatingly in the vicinity of the Cragus Mountains, southern part of the present Babadağ, some 75 km. due west as the crow flies, and Isidore quotes writers on natural history (see below) that Mount Chimaera was on fire here, had lions and goats there, and was full of snakes over there. Servius goes so far as to arrange these with the lions on the peak of the mountain, pastures full of goats in the middle, and serpents all about the base, thus imitating ]'s description of the ]. | ||
| The site was identified by Sir ] in 1811, and described by ] in his ''Travels in ], ], and the ]tis, in company with the late Rev. E. T. Daniell.'' The discussion on the connection between the myth and the exact location of Chimera was started by Forbiger in 1844, and the George E. Bean was of the opinion that the name was allochtonous and could have been transferred here from its original location further west, as cited by Strabo, owing to the presence of the same phenomenon and the fires. | |||
| ] | |||
| Yanartaş is also the title of a 1970 novel by the Turkish novelist Mehmet Seyda, although not associated with the locality in question. | |||
| ==Testimonia== | ==Testimonia== | ||
| *''Fingunt et Chimaeram triformem bestiam; ore leono, postremis partibus draco, media caprea. Quam quidam Physiologi non animal, sed Ciliciae montem esse aiunt, quibusdam locis leones and capreas nutrientem, quibusdam ardentem, quibusdam plenum serpentibus. Hunc Bellorophontes habitabilem fecit, unde Chimaeram dicitur occidisse.'' ], ''Etymologiae'' 11.3.36 | *''Fingunt et Chimaeram triformem bestiam; ore leono, postremis partibus draco, media caprea. Quam quidam Physiologi non animal, sed Ciliciae montem esse aiunt, quibusdam locis leones and capreas nutrientem, quibusdam ardentem, quibusdam plenum serpentibus. Hunc Bellorophontes habitabilem fecit, unde Chimaeram dicitur occidisse.'' ], ''Etymologiae'' 11.3.36 | ||
| ** The Chimera is depicted as a three-formed beast; a lion in front, a python in its hinder parts, goatlike in the middle. Certain writers on natural history say it isn't |
** The Chimera is depicted as a three-formed beast; a lion in front, a python in its hinder parts, goatlike in the middle. Certain writers on natural history say it isn't an animal, but a mountain in Cilicia, which in some places feeds lions and goats, in some burns, in some is full of snakes. ] made this habitable, whence he is said to have "killed Chimaera". | ||
| ***Isidore unetymologically connected Lycia and Cilicia, as below. | ***Isidore unetymologically connected Lycia and Cilicia, as below. | ||
| <!--For another citation from Isidore,see talk.--> | <!--For another citation from Isidore, see talk.--> | ||
| *''Lycia nuncupata quod ab oriente adjuncta Ciliciae sit. Nam habet ab ortû Ciliciam, ab occasû et meridie mare, a septentrione Cariam. Ibi est mons Chimaera, qui noctibus aestibus ignem exhalat: sicut in Siciliâ Aetna et Vesuvius in Campaniâ.'' ], ''Etymologies'' 14,3,46. | *''Lycia nuncupata quod ab oriente adjuncta Ciliciae sit. Nam habet ab ortû Ciliciam, ab occasû et meridie mare, a septentrione Cariam. Ibi est mons Chimaera, qui noctibus aestibus ignem exhalat: sicut in Siciliâ Aetna et Vesuvius in Campaniâ.'' ], ''Etymologies'' 14,3,46. | ||
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| *,"a certain ravine, Chimaera, stretching up from the coast." () | *,"a certain ravine, Chimaera, stretching up from the coast." () | ||
| *''Near Adratchan, not far from the ruins of Olympus, a number of rounded serpentine hills rise among the limestone, and some of them bear up masses of that rock. At the junction of one of these masses of scaglia with the serpentine, is the Yanar, famous as the |
*''Near Adratchan, not far from the ruins of Olympus, a number of rounded serpentine hills rise among the limestone, and some of them bear up masses of that rock. At the junction of one of these masses of scaglia with the serpentine, is the Yanar, famous as the Chimæra of the ancients, rediscovered in modern times by Captain Beaufort. It is nothing more than a stream of inflammable gas issuing from a cavern, such as is seen in several places among the ].<!--sic; stet--> The serpentine immediately around the flame is burnt and ashy, but this is only for a foot or two, the immediate neighborhood of the Yanar presenting the same aspect as it wore in the days of ], who writes ''"Laeta itaque regio est et herbida, nil flammis adurentibus" ''Such is the Chimæra deprived of all its terrors. It is still, however, visited as a lion by both Greeks and Turks, who make use of its classic flames to cook ]s for their dinners.'' (London, 1847) Vol. II, p.181-2 | ||
| ⚫ | * ''In Lycia regio notissima est (Hephaestion incolae vocant), foratum pluribus locis solum, quod sine ullo nascentium damno ignis innoxius circumit. Laeta itaque regio est et herbida, nihil flammis adurentibus sed tantum vi remissa ac languida refulgentibus.'' Seneca ''Epistles'' 79, 3 | ||
| *:<small>...flammis que<!--Sic --> armata chimæra*— </small> | |||
| ]ally active region was the inspiration for the myth]] | |||
| :''deprived of all its terrors. It is still, however, visited as a lion by both Greeks and Turks, who make use of its classic flames to cook kebobs for their dinners.'' Spratt, ''op. cit.'' (London, 1847) Vol. II, p.181-2 | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| ⚫ | * {{cite book |title = The Large Wavelength Deformations in the Lithosphere: Materials for a History of the Evolution of Thought from the Earliest Times to Plate Techtonics p. 310 Endnotes ISBN 0813711967|author= A.M. Celal Sengör|publisher=]| year= 2003|language=English}} |
||
| ⚫ | * {{cite book |title = Lycian Turkey ISBN 0510032052|author= George E. Bean|publisher=], ]| year= 1978|language=English}} |
||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{commonscat|Chimera, Turkey}} | |||
| *] | |||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| <div class="references-small"> | |||
| * | * | ||
| * | |||
| </div> | |||
| == |
==Books== | ||
| <div class="references-small"> | |||
| *] | |||
| ⚫ | * {{cite book |title = The Large Wavelength Deformations in the Lithosphere: Materials for a History of the Evolution of Thought from the Earliest Times to Plate Techtonics p. 310 Endnotes ISBN 0813711967|author= A.M. Celal Sengör|publisher=]| year= 2003|language=English}} | ||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| ⚫ | * {{cite book |title = Lycian Turkey ISBN 0510032052|author= George E. Bean|publisher=], ]| year= 1978|language=English}} | ||
| *] | |||
| </div> | |||
| ⚫ | *] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 22:16, 28 August 2008
36°25′53″N 30°27′21″E / 36.43139°N 30.45583°E / 36.43139; 30.45583
Yanartaş is the name of a geographical feature near Olympos valley and national park in Antalya Province in southwestern Turkey, at a distance of about forty kilometers to the southwest from the city of Antalya, between the district center of Kemer and the township of Beldibi, near present Tekirova.
It is characterized by a permanent fire caused by methane emissions and the area is located on a track popular with hikers and trekkers on the Lycian Way.
Some sources state that this geothermically active region was the inspiration for the myth Ctesias. This was the citation given by Pliny the Elder, who in his second book of Historia Naturalis identified the Chimaera with the permanent gas vents in Mount Chimera, in the country of the ancient Lycian city of Phaselis, which he described as being "on fire", adding "...indeed burned with a flame that does not die by day or night". Pliny was quoted by Photius and Agricola, although the exact location of the mountain described by Strabo is still open to debate.
Called in Turkish Yanartaş (flaming rock), the spot consists of some two dozen vents in the ground, grouped in two patches on the hillside above the Temple of Hephaistos about 3 km north of the village of Çıralı, near ancient Olympos, in Lycia. The vents emit methane thought to be of metamorphic origin, which can spontaneously ignite. In ancient times sailors could navigate by the flames, but today they are more often used to brew tea, the flames being of little use for navigation now.
Strabo and Pliny are the only surviving ancient sources who would be expected to discuss a Lycian toponym, but the placename is also attested by Isidore of Seville and Servius, the commentator on the Aeneid. Strabo held the Chimaera to be a ravine on a different mountain in Lycia, placing it unhesitatingly in the vicinity of the Cragus Mountains, southern part of the present Babadağ, some 75 km. due west as the crow flies, and Isidore quotes writers on natural history (see below) that Mount Chimaera was on fire here, had lions and goats there, and was full of snakes over there. Servius goes so far as to arrange these with the lions on the peak of the mountain, pastures full of goats in the middle, and serpents all about the base, thus imitating Homer's description of the monster.
The site was identified by Sir Francis Beaufort in 1811, and described by T.A.B.Spratt in his Travels in Lycia, Milyas, and the Cibyratis, in company with the late Rev. E. T. Daniell. The discussion on the connection between the myth and the exact location of Chimera was started by Forbiger in 1844, and the George E. Bean was of the opinion that the name was allochtonous and could have been transferred here from its original location further west, as cited by Strabo, owing to the presence of the same phenomenon and the fires.
Yanartaş is also the title of a 1970 novel by the Turkish novelist Mehmet Seyda, although not associated with the locality in question.
Testimonia
- Fingunt et Chimaeram triformem bestiam; ore leono, postremis partibus draco, media caprea. Quam quidam Physiologi non animal, sed Ciliciae montem esse aiunt, quibusdam locis leones and capreas nutrientem, quibusdam ardentem, quibusdam plenum serpentibus. Hunc Bellorophontes habitabilem fecit, unde Chimaeram dicitur occidisse. Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae 11.3.36
- The Chimera is depicted as a three-formed beast; a lion in front, a python in its hinder parts, goatlike in the middle. Certain writers on natural history say it isn't an animal, but a mountain in Cilicia, which in some places feeds lions and goats, in some burns, in some is full of snakes. Bellerophon made this habitable, whence he is said to have "killed Chimaera".
- Isidore unetymologically connected Lycia and Cilicia, as below.
- The Chimera is depicted as a three-formed beast; a lion in front, a python in its hinder parts, goatlike in the middle. Certain writers on natural history say it isn't an animal, but a mountain in Cilicia, which in some places feeds lions and goats, in some burns, in some is full of snakes. Bellerophon made this habitable, whence he is said to have "killed Chimaera".
- Lycia nuncupata quod ab oriente adjuncta Ciliciae sit. Nam habet ab ortû Ciliciam, ab occasû et meridie mare, a septentrione Cariam. Ibi est mons Chimaera, qui noctibus aestibus ignem exhalat: sicut in Siciliâ Aetna et Vesuvius in Campaniâ. Isidore of Seville, Etymologies 14,3,46.
- Pliny 2.105 Mayhoff
- Mount Chimaera (English)
- Pliny 5.43
- Mount Chimaera (English}
- Pliny 5.53
- Servius on Aeneid 6.288.
- "In fact, there is a Mount Chimaera..."
- Strabo 14.3.5,"a certain ravine, Chimaera, stretching up from the coast." (English)
- Near Adratchan, not far from the ruins of Olympus, a number of rounded serpentine hills rise among the limestone, and some of them bear up masses of that rock. At the junction of one of these masses of scaglia with the serpentine, is the Yanar, famous as the Chimæra of the ancients, rediscovered in modern times by Captain Beaufort. It is nothing more than a stream of inflammable gas issuing from a cavern, such as is seen in several places among the Apennines. The serpentine immediately around the flame is burnt and ashy, but this is only for a foot or two, the immediate neighborhood of the Yanar presenting the same aspect as it wore in the days of Seneca, who writes "Laeta itaque regio est et herbida, nil flammis adurentibus" Letters 79,3 Such is the Chimæra deprived of all its terrors. It is still, however, visited as a lion by both Greeks and Turks, who make use of its classic flames to cook kebabs for their dinners. (London, 1847) Vol. II, p.181-2
- In Lycia regio notissima est (Hephaestion incolae vocant), foratum pluribus locis solum, quod sine ullo nascentium damno ignis innoxius circumit. Laeta itaque regio est et herbida, nihil flammis adurentibus sed tantum vi remissa ac languida refulgentibus. Seneca Epistles 79, 3
See also
External links
Books
- A.M. Celal Sengör (2003). The Large Wavelength Deformations in the Lithosphere: Materials for a History of the Evolution of Thought from the Earliest Times to Plate Techtonics p. 310 Endnotes ISBN 0813711967. Geological Society of America.
- George E. Bean (1978). Lycian Turkey ISBN 0510032052. Ernest Benn, London.