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Megan's Law is an informal name for laws in the United States requiring law enforcement authorities to make information available to the public regarding registered sex offenders. Individual states decide what information will be made available and how it should be disseminated. Commonly included information includes the offender's name, picture, address, incarceration date, and nature of crime. The information is often displayed on free public websites, but can be published in newspapers, distributed in pamphlets, or through various other means.

At the federal level, Megan's Law is known as the Sexual Offender (Jacob Wetterling) Act of 1994 and requires persons convicted of sex crimes against children to notify local law enforcement of any change of address or employment after release from custody (prison, psychiatric facility). The notification requirement may be imposed for a fixed period of time - usually at least ten years - or permanently.

Some states may legislate registration for all sex crimes, even if no minors were involved. It is a felony in most jurisdictions to fail to register or fail to update information.

Megan's Law provides two major information services to the public: sex offender registration and community notification. The details of what is provided as part of sex offender registration and how community notification is handled vary from state to state, and in some states the required registration information and community notification protocols have changed many times since Megan's Law was passed. The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act supplements Megan's Law with new registration requirements and a "three-tier" system for classifying sex offenders according to their risk to the community.

Legal origins

The origins of Megan's Law began with state level attempts to protect communities from sexual offenders. Prior to formal legislation, private citizens groups sometimes distributed information regarding specific offenders in their areas. In 1990, Washington adopted one of the first statewide laws, the Washington State Community Protection Act of 1990.

The law is named for seven-year-old Megan Kanka who Jesse Timmendequas, a repeat violent sexual offender, kidnapped, raped, and murdered. Timmendequas was found guilty, and was on New Jersey's death row. In December 2007, New Jersey ended the death penalty. Timmendequas will now serve life without parole.

Timmendequas had recently moved into the Kankas' neighborhood, in a home across the street from the Kanka household, living with two other convicted sex offenders. The Kanka family claims not to have known this information, though the majority of their immediate neighbors were at least aware of the criminal history of one of Timmendequas' roommates, Joseph Cifelli, who had lived in the house for six years.. Maureen Kanka maintains that had she known about Timmendequas' prior conviction, she would have warned Megan to stay away from him.

Megan's parents, Richard and Maureen Kanka began the Megan Nicole Kanka Foundation with the belief that "Every parent should have the right to know if a dangerous sexual predator moves into their neighborhood." The Kankas circulated a petition demanding immediate legislative action. The petition garnered over 400,000 signatures, and the law was passed in approximately 89 days.

Megan's home state of New Jersey passed the first so-called "Megan's Law" in 1994.

Federal legislation followed in 1995. 42 U.S.C. § 13701, entitled Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 and amended May 17 1996, included provisions requiring community notification. Authored by Congressman Dick Zimmer, it required every state to develop a procedure for notifying the public when a person convicted of certain crimes is released near their homes. The law has been amended several times since the original bill, and different states have different procedures for making the required disclosures.

See also

• Sex offender registration

References

1. MSNBC News Services (2007-12-13). "N.J. Legislature votes to abolish death penalty". Retrieved 2007-12-14.
2. "Child Abuse and its Aftermath: The Death of Megan Kanka"
3. "The Megan Nicole Kanka Foundation - Mission". Retrieved 2007-11-16.
4. "Megan's Law would tell parents where pedophiles live" Courier Mail
5. NJSA 2C:7-1 through 7-ll.

Further reading

• Levenson, Jill S. (2005). "The Effect of Megan's Law on Sex Offender Reintegration". Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 21 (1): 49–66. doi:10.1177/1043986204271676. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Levenson, Jill S. (2007). "Megan's law and its impact on community re-entry for sex offenders". Behavioral Sciences & the Law. 25 (4): 587–602. doi:10.1002/bsl.770. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Welchans, Sarah (2005). "Megan's Law: Evaluations of Sexual Offender Registries". Criminal Justice Policy Review. 16 (2): 123–140. doi:10.1177/0887403404265630. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month= and |coauthors= (help)

External links

• Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from Prison in 1994 (USDOJ government study)
• Facts about Megan's Law and Sex Offenders in New York State (Summary of NY Dept. of Corrections study)
• The Angry Offender (Integrates Megan's Law effects with data from USDOJ and NYDOC studies)
• Megan's Law Official Website for California
• Megan's Law Turns 10
• Sex Predators Can't Be Saved (opinion piece by Andrew Vachss, The New York Times, January 5 1993)
• How Many Dead Children Are Needed to End the Rhetoric? (opinion piece by Andrew Vachss, New York Daily News, August 12 1994)

• State law in the United States
• Sex laws
• Sex offender registration