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| ISBN 186064199, </ref> ] reduced the power of the ] and strengthened the central power of the ], establishing a ] and a ].<ref>Nicolai N. Petro, ''The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture'', Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0674750012, </ref> This was built on by ] and other later Tsars. Although ] made some reforms and established an independent judicial system, Russia did not have a representative assembly (]) or a constitution until the ].<ref>Nicolai N. Petro, ''The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture'', Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0674750012, </ref> | ISBN 186064199, </ref> ] reduced the power of the ] and strengthened the central power of the ], establishing a ] and a ].<ref>Nicolai N. Petro, ''The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture'', Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0674750012, </ref> This was built on by ] and other later Tsars. Although ] made some reforms and established an independent judicial system, Russia did not have a representative assembly (]) or a constitution until the ].<ref>Nicolai N. Petro, ''The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture'', Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0674750012, </ref> | ||
| Major Russian advocates and theorists of absolutism included ], ], ] and ]. | Major Russian advocates and theorists of absolutism included ], ], ] and ]. In Poland, tsarist absolutism has been analyzed more critically by ]. | ||
| Some historians see the traditions of Tsarist absolutism as partially responsible for laying groundworks for the ] ].<ref>Dennis J. Dunn, ''The Catholic Church and Russia: Popes, Patriarchs, Tsars, and Commissars'', Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004, ISBN 0754636100, </ref><ref name=pt/> They also see the traditions of absolutism and patrimonialism as dominating Russia's political culture for centuries; for example, ] wrote that Russian political culture is "rooted in the historical experience of centuries of absolutism."<ref>Nicolai N. Petro, ''The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture'', Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0674750012, </ref> All of those views had been challenged by other historians (ex. Petro). | Some historians see the traditions of Tsarist absolutism as partially responsible for laying groundworks for the ] ].<ref>Dennis J. Dunn, ''The Catholic Church and Russia: Popes, Patriarchs, Tsars, and Commissars'', Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004, ISBN 0754636100, </ref><ref name=pt/> They also see the traditions of absolutism and patrimonialism as dominating Russia's political culture for centuries; for example, ] wrote that Russian political culture is "rooted in the historical experience of centuries of absolutism."<ref>Nicolai N. Petro, ''The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture'', Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0674750012, </ref> All of those views had been challenged by other historians (ex. Petro). | ||
Revision as of 13:40, 26 December 2008
Tsarist absolutism (Template:Lang-ru) was a form of absolute monarchy specific to Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire. It's more despotic then the enlightened absolutism, as the ruler is not constrained by the laws (which he can change), but it is different from despotism, as the ruler is not seen as God.
Ivan III built upon Byzantine traditions and laid foundations for the tsarist absolutism, a system that with some variations would govern Russia for centuries. Peter the Great reduced the power of the nobility and strengthened the central power of the Tsar, establishing a bureaucracy and a police state. This was built on by Catherine the Great and other later Tsars. Although Alexander II made some reforms and established an independent judicial system, Russia did not have a representative assembly (Duma) or a constitution until the 1905 Revolution.
Major Russian advocates and theorists of absolutism included Mikhail N. Katkov, Konstantin S. Aksakov, Theodor Dostoyevsky and Piotr Siemionow. In Poland, tsarist absolutism has been analyzed more critically by Stanisław Mackiewicz.
Some historians see the traditions of Tsarist absolutism as partially responsible for laying groundworks for the Soviet totalitarianism. They also see the traditions of absolutism and patrimonialism as dominating Russia's political culture for centuries; for example, Stephen White wrote that Russian political culture is "rooted in the historical experience of centuries of absolutism." All of those views had been challenged by other historians (ex. Petro).
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Notes
- ^ Peter Truscott, Russia First: Breaking with the West, I.B.Tauris, 1997 ISBN 186064199, Google Print, p.17
- Nicolai N. Petro, The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture, Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0674750012, Google Print, p.35-36
- Nicolai N. Petro, The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture, Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0674750012, Google Print, p.48
- Dennis J. Dunn, The Catholic Church and Russia: Popes, Patriarchs, Tsars, and Commissars, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004, ISBN 0754636100, Google Print, p.72
- Nicolai N. Petro, The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture, Harvard University Press, 1995, ISBN 0674750012, Google Print, p.15