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| It has been proposed that the unicorn is based on an extinct animal called '''giant unicorn''', or ], a huge ] ] with a single horn in the forehead. According to ], and ], the animal may have survived long enough to be remembered in ] legends (a huge black bull with a single horn in the forehead). Moreover, there is a testimony by ] (who is usually regarded as a reliable historical source) which closely resembles an elasmotherium. This connection is also supported by the legend's derivation from the Persian '''karkadann''' which was larger than an elephant. The relation between the two animals is uncertain, but a '''real''' giant unicorn was once seen and hunted by man. | It has been proposed that the unicorn is based on an extinct animal called '''giant unicorn''', or ], a huge ] ] with a single horn in the forehead. According to ], and ], the animal may have survived long enough to be remembered in ] legends (a huge black bull with a single horn in the forehead). Moreover, there is a testimony by ] (who is usually regarded as a reliable historical source) which closely resembles an elasmotherium. This connection is also supported by the legend's derivation from the Persian '''karkadann''' which was larger than an elephant. The relation between the two animals is uncertain, but a '''real''' giant unicorn was once seen and hunted by man. | ||
| Later the name '''unicorn''' seems to have been attributed to its smaller relative the ] as the Greeks regarded it as a real exotic animal that lived in |
Later the name '''unicorn''' seems to have been attributed to its smaller relative the ], as the Greeks regarded it as a real exotic animal that lived in ]. | ||
| According to an interpretation of ] with an animal which resembles a bull (and which may in fact be a way of depicting bulls in profile), it has been claimed that the unicorn was a common symbol during the ], appearing on many seals. It may have symbolised a powerful group. | According to an interpretation of ] with an animal which resembles a bull (and which may in fact be a way of depicting bulls in profile), it has been claimed that the unicorn was a common symbol during the ], appearing on many seals. It may have symbolised a powerful group. | ||
Revision as of 14:21, 5 March 2004
The unicorn is a legendary creature shaped like a horse but with a single - usually spiral - horn growing out of its forehead. Some accounts describe it as having the body of a deer and the head of a lion.
It has been proposed that the unicorn is based on an extinct animal called giant unicorn, or elasmotherium, a huge Eurasian rhinoceros with a single horn in the forehead. According to Nordisk familjebok, and Willy Ley, the animal may have survived long enough to be remembered in Evenki legends (a huge black bull with a single horn in the forehead). Moreover, there is a testimony by Ibn Fadlan (who is usually regarded as a reliable historical source) which closely resembles an elasmotherium. This connection is also supported by the legend's derivation from the Persian karkadann which was larger than an elephant. The relation between the two animals is uncertain, but a real giant unicorn was once seen and hunted by man.
Later the name unicorn seems to have been attributed to its smaller relative the Indian Rhinoceros, as the Greeks regarded it as a real exotic animal that lived in India.
According to an interpretation of seals with an animal which resembles a bull (and which may in fact be a way of depicting bulls in profile), it has been claimed that the unicorn was a common symbol during the Indus Valley Civilisation, appearing on many seals. It may have symbolised a powerful group.
In medieval times, entrepreneurs would occasionally manufacture a unicorn by surgery on a goat kid: they would remove one horn bud and relocate the other to the centre of the forehead. (This technique continued to as recently as the 20th century, for circus displays.) Narwhal tusks, however, provided the main source of "unicorn" horns.
In popular belief, unicorn horns could neutralize poisons. Therefore, people who feared poisoning sometimes drank from goblets made of "unicorn horn". Alleged aphrodisiac qualities and other purported medicinal virtues also drove up the cost of "unicorn" products such as milk, hide and offal. Unicorns were also said to be able to determine whether or not a woman was a virgin; in some tales, they could only be mounted by virgins.
The unicorn also served as a common symbol of purity and of Jesus Christ. The traditional method of hunting unicorns involved entrapment by a virgin. This is believed to stem from the method of trapping Rhinos, a creature that may have inspired some medieval accounts of unicorns, in Africa. A female monkey would be taken to where the Rhinos were and would dance for them. The Rhinos would become mesmerised by the antics of the monkey and would thus be an easier target for the hunters.
The unicorn also functions as a national symbol of Scotland and appears on many British symbols, notably as a supporter of coats of arms.
In fantasy fiction, a unicorn often has magical qualities or powers.
The constellation Monoceros represents a unicorn.