Water security: Difference between revisions

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	Water allocation between competing users is increasingly determined by application of market based pricing for either water licences or actual water.		Water allocation between competing users is increasingly determined by application of market based pricing for either water licences or actual water.

			==Most affected countries==
			Based on the map published by Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR),<ref>http://www.cgiar.org/enews/june2007/images_06_07/story12c.gif Retrieved 2009-01-19</ref> the countries and regions suffering most ] are ], the ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].

	==International competition==		==International competition==

Revision as of 13:55, 19 January 2009

Water security is an increasing concern arising from population growth, drought, climate change, oscillation between el nino and la nina effects, urbanisation, salinity, upstream pollution, over-allocation of water licences by government agencies, over-utilisation of groundwater from artesian basins. Water security is rapidly declining in many parts of the world.

It impacts between regions, states and countries. Tensions exist between upstream and downstream users of water within individual jurisdictions.

During history there has been much conflict over use of water from rivers such as the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

Water security is sometimes sought to be achieved by implementing, desalination, pipelines between sources and users, water licences with differenet security levels, privatisation of water supplies and, rarely, war.

Water allocation between competing users is increasingly determined by application of market based pricing for either water licences or actual water.

Based on the map published by Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the countries and regions suffering most water stress are North Africa, the Middle East, India, Central Asia, China, Chile, South Africa and Australia.

More than 50 countries on 5 continents are said to be at risk of conflict over water.

Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Project (Guneydogu Anadolu Projesi, or GAP) on the Euphrates has potentially serious consequences for water supplies in Syria and Iraq..

In Australia there is competition for the resources of the Darling River system between Queensland, New South Wales and South Australia.

In Victoria, Australia a proposed pipeline from the Goulburn Valley to Melbourne has led to protests by farmers.

In the Macquarie Marshes of NSW grazing and irrigation interests compete for water flowing to the marshes

The Snowy Mountains Scheme diverted water from the Snowy River to the Murray River and the Murrumbidgee River for the benefit of irrigators and electricity generation through hydro-electric power. During recent years government has taken action to increase environmental flows to the Snowy in spite of severe drought in the Murray Darling Basin. The Australian Government has implemented buy-backs of water allocations, or properties with water allocations, to endavour to increase environmental flows.

International Water Security: Domestic Threats and Opportunities, 2008, ISBN 13: 9789280811506 328 pages, Paperback by United Nations University
Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture