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| kfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviå | |||
| ] ] | |||
| <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="280px"> | |||
| <tr><td style="background:#9BCB65;" align="center" colspan=2> | |||
| <font size="+1">'''Yellowstone'''</font></td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td align="center" colspan=2> | |||
| ]</td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>''Designation''</td> | |||
| <td>]</td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>'']''</td> | |||
| <td>], ] and ] ]</td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>''Nearest ]''</td> | |||
| <td>]</td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>'']''</td> | |||
| <td>37° 44° 40' N </td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>'']'' </td> | |||
| <td>144° 110° 28' W</td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>'']''</td> | |||
| <td>898,321 ha</td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>''Date of Establishment''</td> | |||
| <td>], ]</td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>''Visitation''</td> | |||
| <td>2,969,868 (2002)</td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>''Governing Body''</td> | |||
| <td>]</td></tr> | |||
| <tr><td>''] category'' </td> | |||
| <td>II (National Park)</td></tr> | |||
| </table> | |||
| '''Yellowstone National Park''', located in the ] states of ], ], and ], is the first and oldest ] in the world. It covers ] (3,470 square miles) mostly in the northwest corner of Wyoming. | |||
| Yellowstone is home to ] and ], and free-ranging herds of ] and ]. It is the core of the ], one of the largest intact ] ] remaining on the planet. | |||
| The park was named for the yellow rocks seen in the ] - a deep gash in the Yellowstone Plateau that was formed by floods during previous ]s and by ] erosion from the ]. | |||
| ==Human history== | |||
| The human history of the park dates back 12,000 years. It was known to the aboriginal natives as "Mitzi-a-dazi," the "River of Yellow Rocks," because of the high ] content of the rocks exposed in the river's ]s. The yellow rocks seen in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone are caused by hydrothermally-altered ]-containing rocks. | |||
| The Native Americans that hunted and fished in the Yellowstone region also utilized the significant amounts of ] found in the park to make cutting tools and weapons. In fact, ]s made of Yellowstone obsidian have been found as far away the ] which stronglys indicate that a regular ] existed between Yellowstone Native Americans and tribes further east. | |||
| <div style="float:left; margin-right:1em; text-align:center; width:300px;"> | |||
| ]<br><small>Lower Yellowstone Falls.<br> | |||
| (], | |||
| ])</small></div> | |||
| In ] a member of the ] named ] left the Expedition to join a group of fur-trappers and was probably the first non-Native American to visit the region and make contact with the Native Americans there. After surviving wounds he suffered in a battle with Crow and Blackfoot tribes he gave a description of a place to "fire and brimstone" that was dismissed by most people as delirium. | |||
| Mountain man ] later returned from an ] expedition to the park's area and told tales of boiling springs, spouting water, a mountain of glass and yellow rock. These reports were largely ignored, however, because Bridger was known for being a "spinner of yarns." Nonetheless his stories did arouse the interest of explorer and geologist ] who in ] started a two-year survey of the upper ] region with Bridger as a guide and with ] surveyor ]. The party was able to reach the approaches to the Yellowstone region but were not able to go any further due to heavy snows. The intervening ] stopped all attempts to explore the region and Hayden would not be able to fullfill his mission to explore the area for another 11 years. | |||
| <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;text-align:center;padding-right:15px"> | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| <small>"''For the Benefit and Enjoyment of the People''"<br>North gate to Yellowstone Park at ].<br> | |||
| (])</small></div> | |||
| A party of ]ns then organized the ] headed by the surveyor-general of Montana ]. Amongst the group was ] who would later become known as "National Park" Langford and an Army detachment commanded by Lt. ]. The expedition spent about a month in ] exploring the region, collecting specimens and naming sites of interest. | |||
| In ] Hayden led a second, larger, expedition which was now government-sponsored to the Yellowstone region. He compiled a comprehensive report on Yellowstone which included photographs by ] and paintings by ]. This report helped to convince the ] to withdraw this region from public auction. Then on ], ] President ] signed a bill into law that created Yellowstone National Park. | |||
| Langford then served for five years without pay as the first superintendent of the park and was followed by several other superintendents (who worked with some minimal funding). The second superintendent was ] who essentially volunteered for the position, after traveling through Yellowstone and witnessing its problems first-hand. During his tenure Congress finally began to give the superintendent a salary and minimal funds to operate the park. He used these monies to expand access to and further explore Yellowstone. Norris also hired ] (nicknamed "Rocky Mountain Harry") to control poaching and vandalism in the park. Today, Harry Yount is considered the very first national park ranger. | |||
| Three additional superintendents followed, but none proved effective in stopping the destruction of Yellowstone's natural resources. | |||
| This continued until ] when the Army was given the task of managing the park (see ]). The Army remained the steward of the park until control was given to a civilian corps of rangers under the newly-created ] in ]. | |||
| It was then made into an ] on ], ] and a ] on ], ]. | |||
| ===More recent history=== | |||
| <div style="float:right;width:300px;padding-left:15px"> | |||
| ] <br> | |||
| <small>Here is a satellite map with political borders, it shows the location of Yellowstone in an interesting manner: it is on fire. From 1988. (])</small> | |||
| </div> | |||
| A series of ]-derived ]s started to burn large portions of the park in ] of the especially dry summer of ]. Thousands of ]s responded to the blaze in order to prevent human-built structures from sucumbing to the flames. Controversially, however, no serious effort was made to completely extinguish the fires and they burned until the arrival of autumn rains. Ecologists argued that fire is part of the Yellowstone ] and that not allowing the fires to run their course (as has been the practice in the past) will result in a choked, sick and decaying forrest. In fact, relatively few ] in the park were killed by the fires and since the blaze many saplings have sprung-up on their own, old vistas were viewable once again and many previously unknown archaeological and geological sites of interest were found and cataloged by scientists. The National Park Service now has a policy of lighting smaller, controlled, "]s" to prevent another dangerous build-up of flammable materials. | |||
| Another controversial aspect of the park is the recent re-introduction of ] into the park's ecosystem. For many years the wolves were hunted and harassed until they become locally extinct in the 1930s. The smaller cousin of the wolf, the ], then became the top predator of the park. However the coyote is not able to bring down any large animal in the park and the result of this lack of a top predator on these populations was a marked increase in lame and sick megafauna. Since the reintroduction of wolves in the late 1990s this trend has started to reverse. However, there is still fear among surrounding ] ranchers and other livestock ranchers that the wolves will venture out of the park and prey on the much easier to kill domesticated animals. In fact this happens occasionally but the ranchers are compensated for their losses whenever they can prove that Yellowstone wolves were the cause of the livestock loss. The ranchers contend that it is difficult to prove that coyotes or wild dogs were not the responsible parties. Also the ] status of introduced wolf packs has been controversially suspended which makes it possible for ranchers to shoot and kill wolves that come close to their herds. | |||
| <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;text-align:center"> | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| <small>] graze near a hot spring.<br> | |||
| (])</small></div> | |||
| The relatively large bison populations that exist in the park are also a concern for ranchers who fear that the bison can transmit ] diseases to their domesticated cousins. To combat this, National Park personnel regularly harass bison herds back into the park when they venture outside of park borders. ] activists state that is a cruel practice and that the possibility for disease transmission is not as great as some ranchers maintain. Ecologists also point out that the bison are just traveling to seasonal grazing areas that lie within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem that have been converted to cattle grazing (most of these areas are also within ]). | |||
| ==Geography== | |||
| The ] of ] runs roughly diagonally through the south-western part of the park. The divide is a ] ridgeline that bisects the continent between ] and ] water drainages (the drainage from one third of the park is on the Pacific side of this divide). | |||
| <div style="float:left;margin-right:0.5em;text-align:center;"> | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| <small>The ] passes through Yellowstone.<br> | |||
| (])</small></div> | |||
| For example, the ] and the ] both have their origin close to each other in the park. However, the headwaters of the Snake River are on the west side of the continental divide and the headwaters of the Yellowstone River are on the east side of that divide. The result is that the waters of the Snake River head toward the Pacific Ocean and the waters of the Yellowstone head for the Atlantic Ocean (via the ]). | |||
| The park sits on a high ] which is, on average, 8000 feet above ] and is bounded on nearly all sides by ]s of the ] which range from 10,000 to 14,000 feet in elevation. These ranges are the; ] (to the north-west), ] (to the north), ] (to the east), ] (south-east corner), ] (to the south - see ]) and the ] (to the west). The most prominent summit in the plateau is ] at 10,243 feet. | |||
| Just outside of the south-western park border is the ] which is a plateau ringed by low hills. Beyond that is the ] of southern ] which are covered by ]s and slope gently to the south-west (see ]). | |||
| The major feature of the Yellowstone Plateau is the ]; a very large ] which has been nearly filled-in with ] debris and measures about 60 km long by about 50 km wide (40 by 30 miles). Within this caldera lies most of ] which is the largest high-elevation lake in North America and two ]s which are areas that are uplifting at a slightly faster rate than the rest of the plateau. <br clear="all"> | |||
| ==Geology== | |||
| <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;text-align:center"> | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| <small>Firehole River near Excelsior Geyser.<br> | |||
| (])</small></div> | |||
| Yellowstone is at the northeast tip of a smooth U-shaped curve through the mountains, which is now the ]. This curved ] was created as the North American ] drifted across a stationary volcanic ] beneath the ]'s crust. This hot spot used to be near what is now ], but North America has drifted at a rate of 4.5 ]s a year in a south western direction, shifting the hot spot to its present location. | |||
| ] is the largest volcanic system in ]. It has been termed a "]" because the ] was formed by exceptionally large explosive eruptions. It was created by a cataclysmic eruption that occurred 630,000 years ago that released 1000 ]s of ], rock and ] materials (this was 800 times larger than ]' ] eruption), forming a ] nearly a ] deep and 70 by 40 km in size (45 by 25 miles) (the size of the caldera has been modified a bit since this time and has mostly been filled-in, however). The ] ] created by this eruption is called the ]. In addition to the last great eruptive cycle there were two other previous ones in the Yellowstone area. | |||
| Each eruption is in fact a part of an eruptive cycle that climaxes with the collapse of the roof of a partially-emptied ]. This creates a crater, called a caldera, and releases vast amounts of volcanic material (usually through fissures that ring the caldera). The time between cataclysmic eruptions in the Yellowstone area has ranged from 600,000 to 900,000 years but the small number of such climax eruptions can not be used to make a prediction for the time range for the next climax eruption. | |||
| The first and largest eruption, climaxed to the south west of the current park boundaries 2.2 million years ago and formed a caldera about 80 by 50 km in size (50 by 30 miles) and hundreds of metres deep after releasing 2,500 cubic kilometres of material (mostly ash, ] and other pyroclastics). This caldera has been filled-in by subsequent eruptions and the geologic formation created by this eruption is called the ]. The second eruption, at 280 cubic km of material ejected, climaxed 1.2 million years ago and formed the much smaller ] and the geologic formation called the ]. All three climax eruptions released vast amounts of ash that blanketed much of central North America and fell many hundreds of miles away (as far as California to the southwest; see ]). The amount of ash and gases released into the atmosphere probably caused significant impacts to world weather patterns and led to the ] of many species in at least North America. About 160,000 years ago a much smaller climax eruption occurred which formed a relatively small caldera that is now filled-in with the West Thumb of ]. | |||
| <div style="float:left;margin-left:0.5em;text-align:center;padding-right:15px"> | |||
| ]<br> | |||
| <small>] at Norris Geyser Basin.<br> | |||
| (])</small></div> | |||
| After the last major climax eruption 630,000 years ago until about 70,000 years ago, Yellowstone Caldera was nearly filled-in with periodic eruptions of ] lavas (example at ]) and ]ic lavas (example at ]). But 150,000 years ago the floor of the plateau began to bulge-up again. Two areas in particular at the focci of the elliptically-shaped caldera are raising faster than the rest of the plateau. This differential in uplift has created two ]s (] and ]) which are uplifting at 15 ]s a year while the rest of the caldera area of the plateau is uplifting at 12.5 mm/yr. | |||
| Preserved within Yellowstone are many ] features and some 10,000 ]s and ], 62% of the planet's known total. The super-heated water that sustains these features comes from the same hot spot described above. The most famous geyser in the park, and perhaps the world, is ] (located in Upper Geyser Basin) but the park also contains the largest geyser in the world, ] (in Norris Geyser Basin; see ]). | |||
| ==Tourist information== | |||
| Yellowstone is one of the most popular national parks in the US. | |||
| The park is unique in that it features multiple natural wonders all in the same park. | |||
| You can find geysers, hot springs, a grand canyon, forests, wilderness, wildlife and even a large lake inside the park. Due to the diversity of the features in the park, the list of activities for visitors is nearly endless. From backpacking to mountaineering, from ]ing to ], from sightseeing to watching ], ], and ] wandering into the parking lot of the visitor centers, most visitors enjoy a memorable experience in nature. | |||
| Due to the geothermal activities of the park, the odor of sulfur is common around the park. | |||
| Visitors with respiratory difficulties should consult their doctors before visiting. | |||
| Wildland fire is common in the park. One major wildfire in 1988 burnt down much of the forests in the park. It would be wise to check the status of the park before planning a trip. | |||
| Visitors may stay right in the park, with a clear view of ], at the park's ]. | |||
| ==References== | |||
| *''Geology of National Parks: Fifth Edition'', Ann G. Harris, Esther Tuttle, Sherwood D. Tuttle (Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing; 1997) ISBN 0-7872-5353-7 | |||
| *National Park Service | |||
| *Yellowstone Park Foundation | |||
| ==External link== | |||
| * | |||
Revision as of 18:00, 12 March 2004
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nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviåkfgio dr j;fgn th vt t fdh ooh u h uugkfb gfbnk;h fck fu ck hun rbgiuvhknfk kn rfgjkdnbf g cb jfgrkv grg fkn jkrqguhvjnbf jgh b , fgkbnfjkhg tllfdng tgl nlnflghkjfn g,rhkndfghrbviå