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| A '''polygon''' (from the ] ''poly'', for "many", and '' |
A '''polygon''' (from the ] ''poly'', for "many", and ''gwnos'', for "angle" or "knee") is a plane figure that encloses an area using straight lines. | ||
| ''Regular polygons'' have sides that are of equal length and have equal ] between each side. | ''Regular polygons'' have sides that are of equal length and have equal ] between each side. | ||
Revision as of 19:51, 27 December 2001
A polygon (from the Greek poly, for "many", and gwnos, for "angle" or "knee") is a plane figure that encloses an area using straight lines.
Regular polygons have sides that are of equal length and have equal angles between each side.
Concave polygons have at least one internal angle that is greater than 180°,
whereas convex polygons have all internal angles less than 180°.
A cyclic polygon has all of its vertexes lying on the same circle.
A polygon can belong to several classifications simultaneously; a square is a regular convex
cyclic polygon, for example.
Regular Polygons
| Name | Sides | Angle* |
|---|---|---|
| Triangle | 3 | 60° |
| Square | 4 | 90° |
| Pentagon | 5 | 108° |
| Hexagon | 6 | 120° |
| Septagon | 7 | 128.57° (approx.) |
| Octagon | 8 | 135° |
| Nonagon | 9 | 140° |
| Decagon | 10 | 144° |
| Hectagon | 100 | 176.4° |
| Megagon | 10 | 179.99964° |
| Googolgon | 10 | 180° (approx.) |
* Angle = 180° - 360°/Sides
We will assume Euclidean geometry throughout.
Any polygon, regular or irregular, has as many angles as it has sides, and the sum of its angles
is equal to (s-2)×180°, where s is the number of its sides.
The area A of a polygon can be computed if the cartesian coordinates (x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..., (xn, yn) of its vertices, listed in order as the area is circulated in counter-clockwise fashion, are known. The formula is
- A = 1/2 · (x1y2 - x2y1 + x2y3 - x3y2 + ... + xny1 - x1yn)
The question of which regular polygons can be constructed with ruler and compass alone was settled by Gauss when he was 19:
- A regular polygon with n sides can be constructed with ruler and compass if and only if the odd prime factors of n are distinct prime numbers of the form 2^(2^k)+1. (The only known primes of this type are 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537.)
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