Resident Identity Card: Difference between revisions

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	*'''Order code''' is the code used to disambiguate people with the same date of birth and address code. Men are assigned to odd numbers, women assigned to even numbers.		*'''Order code''' is the code used to disambiguate people with the same date of birth and address code. Men are assigned to odd numbers, women assigned to even numbers.
	*The '''Checksum''' is the final digit, which confirms the validity of the ID number from the first 17 digits, utilizing ISO 7064:1983, MOD 11-2. The checksum is obtained by:		*The '''Checksum''' is the final digit, which confirms the validity of the ID number from the first 17 digits, utilizing ISO 7064:1983, MOD 11-2. The checksum is obtained by:
	#~~将身份证号码从右至左标记为~~<math>a_1 , a_2 , \cdots , a_{18}</math>，<math>a_1</math>~~即为校验码；~~		#Marking the Identity card number right-to-left <math>a_1 , a_2 , \cdots , a_{18}</math>，<math>a_1</math> for the parity-check codes；
	#计算权重系数<math>W_i=2^{i-1}\ \bmod \ {11}</math>；		#计算权重系数<math>W_i=2^{i-1}\ \bmod \ {11}</math>；
	#:		#:

Revision as of 14:24, 9 April 2009

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TITLE: Junmin Shenfenzheng

Junmin Shenfenzheng (Chinese: 居民身份证; Hanyu Pinyin: Jūmín Shēnfènzhèng) is the official form of personal identification in the People's Republic of China.

History

Prior to 1984, citizens within the People's Republic of China were not required to obtain or carry identification in public. On April 6 1984, the State Council of the People's Republic of China passed the "Identity Card Bill", commencing the process of gradual introduction of personal identification, in the footsteps of many developed countries at the time. The first generation identification cards were single paged cards made of polyester film.

On September 6 1985, the National People's Congress Standing Committee passed the "Identity Card Bill of the People's Republic of China", which regulated that all citizens over the age of 16 apply for identification cards. From that point onwards, the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China created a unified authority responsible for the issuing and management of the ID cards. From 2003, it is reported that a total of 1.14 billion ID cards have been created in China, for a total of 960,000,000 holders. However, as a result of technological development and certain techniques made available to the civilian population, the existing cards were easy to counterfeit, opening the increasing threat of false identification.

On June 28, 2003, the National People's Congress passed the new "Resident Identity Card Law", which expanded the scope of documents issued, and allowed soldiers in the People's Liberation Army and members of the People's Armed Police to apply for special identity cards. The law also established the use of newer, second-generation cards, which are machine-readable and more difficult to forge.

The identity card consists basic information regarding the individual, such as:

Full name
Gender
Date of birth
Location of birth
Ethnicity
Identification number

Information stored in the identity database for biometric ID cards documents information such as work history, educational background, religion, ethnicity, police record, medical insurance status, landlord's phone number and personal reproductive history.

Identity card number

From October 1 1999, the PRC State Council approved the establishment of a citizen identification number system, and currently consists of an 18-digit code.

1	1	0	1	0	2	Y	Y	Y	Y	M	M	D	D	8	8	8	X
Address code						Date of Birth code								Order code			Checksum

Address code refers to the resident's location, where administrative divisions (including cities, banners, and districts) have their own specific codes. (For example, the code for Xicheng District in Beijing is 110,102.)
Date of Birth in the form YYYY-MM-DD.
Order code is the code used to disambiguate people with the same date of birth and address code. Men are assigned to odd numbers, women assigned to even numbers.
The Checksum is the final digit, which confirms the validity of the ID number from the first 17 digits, utilizing ISO 7064:1983, MOD 11-2. The checksum is obtained by:

Marking the Identity card number right-to-left $a_{1},a_{2},\cdots ,a_{18}$ ， $a_{1}$ for the parity-check codes；
计算权重系数 $W_{i}=2^{i-1}\ {\bmod {\ }}{11}$ ；

i	18	17	16	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
W_i	7	9	10	5	8	4	2	1	6	3	7	9	10	5	8	4	2	1

计算 $S=\sum _{i=2}^{18}a_{i}\cdot W_{i}$
$a_{1}=(12-(S\ {\bmod {1}}1)){\bmod {1}}1$

Identity law

Usage of identification

Citizens within the People's Republic of China must carry identification in public at all times, compulsory from the age of 16. The identity card is the only acceptable legal document to obtain resident permit, employment, open bank accounts, obtain passport, driver licence, application for tertiary education and technical colleges, security checkpoints in domestic terminals of Chinese airports.

Recently, there have been more services that require the display of identification cards, such as at Internet cafes and certain stores.

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