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	'''Ethnocracy''' is a form of ] where representatives of a particular ] group hold a number of government posts disproportionately large to the ] of the total ] that the particular ethnic group(s) represents and use them to advance the position of their particular ethnic group(s) to the detriment of others. The ] ethnic groups are systematically ] against by the ] and may face ]s or ]s of ] at the hands of state organs. Ethnocracy can also be a political regime which is instituted on the basis of qualified rights to ], and with ethnic affiliation (defined in terms of ], descent, ], or ]) as the distinguishing principle. Generally, the ] of an ethnographic government is to secure the most important instruments of state power in the hands of a specific ethnic collectivity. All other considerations concerning the distribution of power are ultimately subordinated to this basic intention. Ethnocracies are generally considered to be non-democratic in nature.		'''Ethnocracy''' is a form of ] where representatives of a particular ] group hold a number of government posts disproportionately large to the ] of the total ] that the particular ethnic group(s) represents and use them to advance the position of their particular ethnic group(s) to the detriment of others.

			The ] ethnic groups are systematically ] against by the ] and may face ]s or ]s of ] at the hands of state organs. Ethnocracy can also be a political regime which is instituted on the basis of qualified rights to ], and with ethnic affiliation (defined in terms of ], descent, ], or ]) as the distinguishing principle.
⚫	Ethnocracies are characterised by their control system{{ndash}} the ], institutional, and physical instruments of power deemed necessary to secure ethnic dominance. The degree of system discrimination will tend to vary greatly from case to case and from situation to situation. If the dominant group (whose interests the system is meant to serve and whose identity it is meant to represent) constitutes a small minority (20% or less) of the population within the state territory, extreme degrees of institutionalised suppression will probably be necessary to sustain the status quo. The other side of the coin might well be a system of full-fletched democracy (inclusive and competitive in Robert Dahl's terminology) for the privileged population, making up what Pierre van den Berghe (1981) calls "] ]" (with reference to ] ]). This is a system of ethnocracy which offers democratic participation to the dominant group only.

			Generally, the ] of an ethnographic government is to secure the most important instruments of state power in the hands of a specific ethnic collectivity. All other considerations concerning the distribution of power are ultimately subordinated to this basic intention. Ethnocracies are generally considered to be non-democratic in nature.

		⚫	Ethnocracies are characterised by their control system{{ndash}} the ], institutional, and physical instruments of power deemed necessary to secure ethnic dominance. The degree of system discrimination will tend to vary greatly from case to case and from situation to situation. If the dominant group (whose interests the system is meant to serve and whose identity it is meant to represent) constitutes a small minority (20% or less) of the population within the state territory, extreme degrees of institutionalised suppression will probably be necessary to sustain the status quo.

			The other side of the coin might well be a system of full-fletched democracy (inclusive and competitive in Robert Dahl's terminology) for the privileged population, making up what Pierre van den Berghe (1981) calls "] ]" (with reference to ] ]). This is a system of ethnocracy which offers democratic participation to the dominant group only.

	== Israel ==		== Israel ==

Revision as of 13:02, 11 September 2009

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Ethnocracy is a form of government where representatives of a particular ethnic group hold a number of government posts disproportionately large to the percentage of the total population that the particular ethnic group(s) represents and use them to advance the position of their particular ethnic group(s) to the detriment of others.

The minority ethnic groups are systematically discriminated against by the state and may face repressions or violations of human rights at the hands of state organs. Ethnocracy can also be a political regime which is instituted on the basis of qualified rights to citizenship, and with ethnic affiliation (defined in terms of race, descent, religion, or language) as the distinguishing principle.

Generally, the raison d'être of an ethnographic government is to secure the most important instruments of state power in the hands of a specific ethnic collectivity. All other considerations concerning the distribution of power are ultimately subordinated to this basic intention. Ethnocracies are generally considered to be non-democratic in nature.

Ethnocracies are characterised by their control system– the legal, institutional, and physical instruments of power deemed necessary to secure ethnic dominance. The degree of system discrimination will tend to vary greatly from case to case and from situation to situation. If the dominant group (whose interests the system is meant to serve and whose identity it is meant to represent) constitutes a small minority (20% or less) of the population within the state territory, extreme degrees of institutionalised suppression will probably be necessary to sustain the status quo.

The other side of the coin might well be a system of full-fletched democracy (inclusive and competitive in Robert Dahl's terminology) for the privileged population, making up what Pierre van den Berghe (1981) calls "Herrenvolk democracy" (with reference to apartheid South Africa). This is a system of ethnocracy which offers democratic participation to the dominant group only.

Israel

In his book Ethnocracy: Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine, Israeli geographer Oren Yiftachel refers to a strategy of "Judaization" as the primary manifestation of ethnocracy in Israel/Palestine. . Similar references have also been made to the Palestinian Territories.

South Africa

Ethnocracy indicates a specific principle of power-distribution in a society. In his book Power-Sharing in South Africa ISBN 0-87725-524-5

Along the legal-institutional dimension we can distinguish between sectarianism(power centralised according to membership in a specific group), pluralism (power-distribution among defined groups according to relative numerical strength), and universalism (power-distribution without any group-specific qualifications). The three main alternatives on the territorial dimension are the unitary state, "intermediate restructuring" (within one formal sovereignty), and partition (creating separate political entities).

Uganda

Uganda under dictator Idi Amin Dada has also been described as an ethnocracy favouring certain indigenous groups over others, as well as for the ethnic cleansing of Indians in Uganda by Amin.

References

Yiftachel, Oren (2006). Ethnocracy: Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-3927-0.
Arkush, Allan 1949-, Ethnocracy Land and Identity Politics in Israel/Palestine (review) Israel Studies - Volume 12, Number 3, Fall 2007, pp. 161-167
Soldiers and Kinsmen in Uganda: The Making of a Military Ethnocracy by Ali A. Mazrui. Author(s) of Review: Rodger Yeager The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2 (1977), pp. 289-293. doi:10.2307/217352

External links

Politics of Ethnocracies: Strategies and Dilemmas of Ethnic Domination Nils A. Butenschøn

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