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Revision as of 10:21, 30 September 2009 editZidi-jattt (talk | contribs)110 editsNo edit summary← Previous edit Revision as of 11:47, 1 October 2009 edit undoUtcursch (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Autopatrolled, Administrators163,322 edits rv completely wrong stuff; this article is about the language with ISO 639-3 code pnb, not the Punjabi language of West PunjabNext edit →
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{{for|the language spoken in Western Punjab|Punjabi language}}
{{Infobox Language {{Infobox Language
|name=Western Panjabi |name = Western Panjabi
|nativename= {{lang|pa-PK|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}} |nativename = {{lang|pa-PK|{{Nastaliq|پنجابی}}}}
|pronunciation =
|states=]
|states = ]
|region=Mainly in the ], ]. Also spoken in ], ], ], ], ], ].
|region = Mainly in the ] of ]. Also spoken in ]
|speakers=76,335,300 native speakers in Pakistan
|latd= | latm= | latNS = <!-- latitude degree/min/dir-->
|rank=
|longd= |longm= |longEW = <!-- longitude deg/min/dir-->
|script=]
|speakers = 60,600,000 in Pakistan (2000). Population total all countries: 62,648,000.<ref name="ethnologue_pnb">. SIL Ethnologue.</ref>
|familycolor=Indo-European
|iso1 =
|fam2=]
|iso2 = lah
|fam3=]
|iso2b =
|nation={{flagicon|Pakistan}} ].
|iso2t =
|iso1=?|iso2=lah
|iso3 = pnb
|lc1=pnb|ld1=Punjabi (Western)|ll1=Western Panjabi language
|familycolor = Indo-European
|notice=Indic}}
|fam1 = ]
|fam2 = ]
|fam3 = ]
|fam4 = ]
|family = whatever you want to say
|script = ]
|lc1 = pnb
|ld1 = Punjabi (Western)
|ll1 = Western Panjabi language (Lahnda)
|caption =
|image =
|map =
|notice = Indic
}}
The '''Western Panjabi language''' is an ] spoken predominantly in ].<ref name="ethnologue_pnb"/> ] classifies it under the ] macrolanguage.<ref>. ]</ref>


The term "Western Punjabi" referred to the Punjabi language spoken in ], ]. Punjabi is the provincial language of ] the second largest and the most populous province of ]. The Western Panjabi language should not be confused with the ] spoken in the ].


== Classification ==
Punjabi is the primary language spoken in ]. According to the 2008 Census of Pakistan<ref>According to 44.15% of the Pakistani speaks Punjabi natively. This translates to approximately 66,335,300 Punjabi speakers according to the 2008 census (Total population: 172,900,000).</ref>, there are 76,335,300 native speakers of Punjabi in Pakistan. 44.15% of Pakistanis are native Punjabi speakers (recently Western Punjabi also covered ], ] and ] in it but now got the status of separate languages that is why percentage of Punjabi speakers in Pakistan got decrease from 59% to 44%). The term "Eastern Punjabi" referred to the Punjabi language spoken in ], ].


Western Panjabi is influenced by the ]. While there is a fair degree of mutual intelligibility between the ] (also known as "Eastern Punjabi") and Western Punjabi, there are also morphological and phonological differences between the two varieties.
==Punjabis in Pakistan==
Punjabi is the most commonly spoken language of ]. Punjabi is spoken as first language by over 44.15% of Pakistanis. Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in the country. Punjabis are dominant in key institutions such as Business, Agriculture, Industry, Government, Army, Navy, Air Force, and Police that is why about 70% of Pakistanis can understand or speak Punjabi.


* ]
{{see also|Languages of Pakistan}}
** Indo-Iranian
*** Indo-Aryan
**** Northwestern zone
***** Lahnda ] (] lah)
****** ] (] hno)
****** ] (] hnd)
****** ] (] jat)
****** ] (] xhe)
****** ] (] pmu)
****** '''Panjabi, Western''' (] pnb)
****** ] (] phr)
****** ] (] skr)


== Writing system ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rank || State || Punjabi speakers || Percentage
|-
| — || ''']''' || '''76,335,300''' || '''44.15'''
|-
| 1 || ] || 70,671,704 || 75.23
|-
| 2 || ] || 3,592,261 || 6.99
|-
| 3 || ] || 1,343,625 || 71.66
|-
| 4 || ] || 396,085 || 0.97
|-
| 5 || ] || 318,745 || 2.52
|-
| 6 || ] || 12,880 || 0.23
|}


Western Panjabi is mainly written in Arabic/]; the ] script is no longer in use.<ref name="ethnologue_pnb"/>
== Major Western Punjabi dialects ==

=== ] ===
: The Majhi dialect is Punjabi's ] and spoken in the heart of Punjab where most of the Punjabi population lives. The ], the dialect of the historical region of ],<ref>"Majhi" is a word used with reference to many other places and dialects in north India; these have nothing to do with the Majhi dialect of Punjabi</ref> which spans the ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] Districts of ] and ], ], and ] Districts of the ]n State of ].

=== ] or ] ===
: Jhangochi (جھنگوچی) dialect is spoken in ]. ] or ] is the oldest and most idiosyncretic dialect of the Punjabi. It is spoken throughout a widespread area, starting from ] and Jhang at both ends of ] and ] to ]. It then runs down to ] and ] areas, on the banks of river ]. This entire area has almost the same traditions, customs and culture. The Jhangochi dialect of Punjabi has several aspects that set it apart from other Punjabi variants. This area has a great culture and heritage, especially literary heritage, as it is credited with the creation of the famous epic romance stories of ] and ]. It is spoken in the ''Bar'' areas of ], i.e. areas whose names are often suffixed with 'Bar', for example ], ], ], ] and also from ] to Jhang includes ] and ]..

=== ] ===
: perhaps differs from Punjabi This dialect is spoken in ]. The Shahpuri language has been spoken by the people of the town ]. This language has been spoken by the people of District ] including Dera Chanpeer Shah, ], ], ], ], parts of ] (foremerly Lyallpur), parts of Dera Ismail Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan, ], ], ], ], ] and ] districts..

==Shahmukhi Script==
({{Nastaliq|شاہ مکھی}}, ]: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ, literally "from the ] mouth") is a local variant of the ] ], that is used to write and record the ] in ] & some parts of India . It is based on the ] style of the ] script and has traditionally been used by the ] ]s of ] and ]. However, since the middle of the 20th century it has mainly been used by those in the ] region of Pakistan. It is the official script and format for writing the Punjabi language in Pakistan. The ] is used to write Punjabi in India. The text is written in the right to left direction and from right page to left page.


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}}
*

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}


{{Pakistan-stub}}


{{Interwiki|code=pnb}} {{Interwiki|code=pnb}}
{{Pakistan-stub}}

] ]
]

Revision as of 11:47, 1 October 2009

For the language spoken in Western Punjab, see Punjabi language.
Western Panjabi
پنجابی
Native toPakistan
RegionMainly in the Punjab area of Pakistan. Also spoken in Afghanistan
Native speakers60,600,000 in Pakistan (2000). Population total all countries: 62,648,000.
Language familywhatever you want to say
Writing systemShahmukhi
Language codes
ISO 639-2lah
ISO 639-3pnb – inclusive code
Individual code:
pnb – Punjabi (Western)

The Western Panjabi language is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly in Punjab (Pakistan). SIL Ethnologue classifies it under the Lahnda macrolanguage.

The Western Panjabi language should not be confused with the Punjabi language spoken in the West Punjab.

Classification

Western Panjabi is influenced by the Urdu language. While there is a fair degree of mutual intelligibility between the Punjabi language (also known as "Eastern Punjabi") and Western Punjabi, there are also morphological and phonological differences between the two varieties.

Writing system

Western Panjabi is mainly written in Arabic/Nastaʿlīq script; the Lahnda script is no longer in use.

References

  1. ^ Panjabi, Western. SIL Ethnologue.
  2. Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: lah. SIL Ethnologue
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