Tic disorder: Difference between revisions

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	==Prevalence==		==Prevalence==
	A large, community-based study suggested that over 19% of school-age children have tic disorders.<ref>Kurlan R, McDermott MP, Deeley C, ''et al.'' "Prevalence of tics in schoolchildren and association with placement in special education". ''Neurology'' 57 (8): 1383-8. PMID 11673576</ref> The children with tic disorders in that study were usually undiagnosed. (Kurlan) ~~As many as 1 in 100 people may experience some form of tic disorder, usually before the onset of puberty. (NIH)~~ Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. Although a significant amount of investigative work indicates genetic linkage of the various tic disorders, further study is needed to confirm the relationship.<ref>Swerdlow NR. "Tourette syndrome: current controversies and the battlefield landscape". ''Current neurology and neuroscience reports''. 5 (5): 329-31. PMID 16131414</ref>		A large, community-based study suggested that over 19% of school-age children have tic disorders.<ref>Kurlan R, McDermott MP, Deeley C, ''et al.'' "Prevalence of tics in schoolchildren and association with placement in special education". ''Neurology'' 57 (8): 1383-8. PMID 11673576</ref> The children with tic disorders in that study were usually undiagnosed. (Kurlan) Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. Although a significant amount of investigative work indicates genetic linkage of the various tic disorders, further study is needed to confirm the relationship.<ref>Swerdlow NR. "Tourette syndrome: current controversies and the battlefield landscape". ''Current neurology and neuroscience reports''. 5 (5): 329-31. PMID 16131414</ref>

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==

Revision as of 13:30, 28 January 2010

Medical condition

Tic disorder
Specialty	Psychiatry

Tic disorders are defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) based on type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped, involuntary movements). Tic disorders are defined similarly by the World Health Organization (ICD-10 codes).

Classification

Tic disorders are classified as follows:

Transient tic disorder consists of multiple motor and/or phonic tics with duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months.
Chronic tic disorder is either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which are present for more than a year.
Tourette's disorder is diagnosed when both motor and phonic tics are present for more than a year.
Tic Disorder NOS is diagnosed when tics are present, but do not meet the criteria for any specific tic disorder.

Tic disorders onset in childhood (before the age of 18), and are not due to the effects of medication or another medical condition.

DSM-IV-TR diagnosis codes for the tic disorders are:

307.20 Tic Disorder NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)
307.21 Transient Tic Disorder
307.22 Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
307.23 Tourette's Disorder

ICD10 diagnosis codes are:

F95.0 Transient tic disorder
F95.1 Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder
F95.2 Combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder
F95.8 Other tic disorders
F95.9 Tic disorder, unspecified

Prevalence

A large, community-based study suggested that over 19% of school-age children have tic disorders. The children with tic disorders in that study were usually undiagnosed. (Kurlan) Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability. Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe. Although a significant amount of investigative work indicates genetic linkage of the various tic disorders, further study is needed to confirm the relationship.

Treatment

Treatment of tic disorders, although not usually necessary, is similar to treatment of Tourette syndrome. Tics should be distinguished from other causes of tourettism.

Notes

American Psychiatric Association (2000). DSM-IV-TR: Tourette's Disorder. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision (DSM-IV-TR), ISBN 0890420254. Available at BehaveNet.com Retrieved on August 10, 2009.
Swain JE, Scahill L, Lombroso PJ, King RA, Leckman JF. "Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: a decade of progress". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;46(8):947–68 PMID 17667475
Evidente VG. "Is it a tic or Tourette's? Clues for differentiating simple from more complex tic disorders". Postgraduate medicine108 (5): 175-6, 179-82. PMID 11043089 Retrieved on 2007-05-24
DSM-IV-TR: numerical listing of codes and diagnoses. BehaveNet Clinical Capsule. Retrieved on 2007-05-24.
ICD Version 2006. World Health Organization. Retrieved on 2007-05-24.
Kurlan R, McDermott MP, Deeley C, et al. "Prevalence of tics in schoolchildren and association with placement in special education". Neurology 57 (8): 1383-8. PMID 11673576
Swerdlow NR. "Tourette syndrome: current controversies and the battlefield landscape". Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 5 (5): 329-31. PMID 16131414

References

Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet. National Institutes of Health (NIH). Retrieved on 2005-03-23
The Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group. "Definitions and classification of tic disorders". Arch. Neurol. 50 (10): 1013-6. PMID 8215958. Retrieved on 2005-03-22

v t e Tourette syndrome
Main	Causes and origins History Management Societal and cultural aspects
Terms	Coprolalia Copropraxia Echolalia Echophenomenon Echopraxia Palilalia Palipraxia PANDAS Premonitory urge Sensory phenomena Tic Tic disorder Tourettism
Assessment tools	Yale Global Tic Severity Scale Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale Shapiro TS Severity Scale Tourette Syndrome Clinical Global Impression Tourette's Disorder Scale Autism—Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbities Motor tic, Obsessions and compulsions, Vocal tic Evaluation Survey
People	Jean-Martin Charcot Donald J. Cohen Georges Gilles de la Tourette Tim Howard Jean Marc Gaspard Itard Samuel Johnson James F. Leckman Arthur K. Shapiro
Organizations	Tourette Association of America Tourette Canada Tourettes Action Yale Child Study Center
Media	75 Watts Front of the Class Hichki I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me John's Not Mad Las Estrellas "Le Petit Tourette" Maze Motherless Brooklyn Quit It The Secret Life of Lele Pons The Tic Code Tic Talk: Living with Tourette Syndrome

Mental disorders (Classification)

Adult personality and behavior

Sexual	Ego-dystonic sexual orientation Paraphilia Fetishism Voyeurism Sexual anhedonia Sexual anorexia Sexual maturation disorder Sexual relationship disorder
Other	Factitious disorder Munchausen syndrome Fear of intimacy Gender dysphoria Intermittent explosive disorder Dermatillomania Kleptomania Pyromania Trichotillomania Personality disorder

Childhood and learning

Emotional and behavioral	ADHD Conduct disorder ODD Emotional and behavioral disorders Separation anxiety disorder Movement disorders Stereotypic Social functioning DAD RAD Selective mutism Speech Cluttering Stuttering Tic disorder Tourette syndrome
Intellectual disability	X-linked intellectual disability Lujan–Fryns syndrome
Psychological development (developmental disabilities)	Pervasive Specific

Mood (affective)
Bipolar Bipolar I Bipolar II Bipolar NOS Cyclothymia Depression Atypical depression Dysthymia Major depressive disorder Melancholic depression Seasonal affective disorder Mania

Neurological and symptomatic

Autism spectrum	Autism Asperger syndrome High-functioning autism PDD-NOS Savant syndrome
Dementia	AIDS dementia complex Alzheimer's disease Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease Frontotemporal dementia Huntington's disease Mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease Pick's disease Sundowning Vascular dementia Wandering
Other	Delirium Organic brain syndrome Post-concussion syndrome

Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform

Adjustment

Adjustment disorder with depressed mood

Anxiety

Phobia	Agoraphobia Childhood phobia Social anxiety Social phobia Anthropophobia Specific social phobia Specific phobia Claustrophobia
Other	Generalized anxiety disorder OCD Panic attack Panic disorder Stress Acute stress reaction PTSD

Dissociative

Somatic symptom

Physiological and physical behavior

Eating	Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Rumination syndrome Other specified feeding or eating disorder
Nonorganic sleep	Hypersomnia Insomnia Parasomnia Night terror Nightmare REM sleep behavior disorder
Postnatal	Postpartum depression Postpartum psychosis
Sexual desire	Hypersexuality Hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Psychoactive substances, substance abuse and substance-related
Drug overdose Intoxication Physical dependence Rebound effect Stimulant psychosis Substance dependence Withdrawal

Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional

Delusional	Delusional disorder Folie à deux
Psychosis and schizophrenia-like	Brief reactive psychosis Schizoaffective disorder Schizophreniform disorder
Schizophrenia	Childhood schizophrenia Disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia Pseudoneurotic schizophrenia Simple-type schizophrenia
Other	Catatonia

Symptoms and uncategorized
Impulse-control disorder Klüver–Bucy syndrome Psychomotor agitation Stereotypy

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