Poland: Difference between revisions

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	Officially '''Republic of Poland''', in Polish ''Polska'', or ''Rzeczpospolita Polska'', country lying at the physical centre of the ] continent, approximately between latitudes 49-o and 55-o N and longitudes 14-o and 24-o E. Except for its southern mountainous regions, the country consists almost entirely of lowlands within the North European Plain. The total area of ] is 120,728 square miles (]). Its ] is ] (]). Other major cities include ], ], ], ] (]), ], ], ], ] and ] (]).		Officially '''Republic of Poland''', in Polish ''Polska'', or ''Rzeczpospolita Polska'', country lying at the physical centre of the ] continent, approximately between latitudes 49-o and 55-o N and longitudes 14-o and 24-o E. Except for its southern mountainous regions, the country consists almost entirely of lowlands within the North European Plain. The total area of ] is 120,728 square miles (]). Its ] is ] (]). Other major cities include ], ], ], ] (]), ], ], ], ] and ] (]).



	Over the past millennium, the name Poland has been applied to a shifting territorial base. At one time, in the ], ] was the largest state in ]. At other times there was no Polish state at all. Poland gained its independence in the ] in ] only to be overrun by ] and the ] in ]. Its current frontiers, stretching for 2,198 miles (3,538 kilometres), were drawn in 1945; Poland became a Soviet satellite country following the war, but one that was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of an independent trade union "]" ''Solidarnosc'') that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency. Complete freedom came with the implosion of the ] in 1991. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe,		Over the past millennium, the name Poland has been applied to a shifting territorial base. At one time, in the ], ] was the largest state in ]. At other times there was no Polish state at all. Poland gained its independence in the ] in ] only to be overrun by ] and the ] in ]. Its current frontiers, stretching for 2,198 miles (3,538 kilometres), were drawn in 1945; Poland became a Soviet satellite country following the war, but one that was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of an independent trade union "]" ''Solidarnosc'') that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency. Complete freedom came with the implosion of the ] in 1991. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe,

	boosting hopes for early acceptance to the ]. Poland joined ] in 1999.		boosting hopes for early acceptance to the ]. Poland joined ] in 1999.



	Poland is bordered to the north by the ], to the northeast by		Poland is bordered to the north by the ], to the northeast by

	] (the ] area) and ], and to the east by		] (the ] area) and ], and to the east by

	] and ]. To the south the border follows the watershed of		] and ]. To the south the border follows the watershed of

	the Beskid, Carpathian, and the ] (''Sudety'') mountains, which		the Beskid, Carpathian, and the ] (''Sudety'') mountains, which

	separate Poland from ] and the ], while to the west		separate Poland from ] and the ], while to the west

	the border with ] is defined by the Neisse (''Nysa Luzycka'') and		the border with ] is defined by the Neisse (''Nysa Luzycka'') and

	Oder (''Odra'') rivers.<br>On geographical as well as historical grounds		Oder (''Odra'') rivers.<br>On geographical as well as historical grounds

	Poland is divided in serveral regions : ], ],		Poland is divided in serveral regions : ], ],

	], ], ], ], ],		], ], ], ], ],

	], ], ], ] and [[Tatra		], ], ], ] and [[Tatra

	Mountains]].		Mountains]].



	Population: 38.6m ].		Population: 38.6m ].



	Form of Government: unitary multiparty republic with two legislative houses (Sejm ; Senat )		Form of Government: unitary multiparty republic with two legislative houses (Sejm ; Senat )

	Many people think that Polish parliament is too big, various plans of reduction has been proposed,		Many people think that Polish parliament is too big, various plans of reduction has been proposed,

	many of them propose removing Senat. Two parties that got most votes in Sep 2001 election (]		many of them propose removing Senat. Two parties that got most votes in Sep 2001 election (]

	and ]) seem to agree than parliament should be reduced.		and ]) seem to agree than parliament should be reduced.



	Monetary Unit: ](PLN)=100 groszy; 1 USD=4.2 PLN (26/07/2001)<br>		Monetary Unit: ](PLN)=100 groszy; 1 USD=4.2 PLN (26/07/2001)<br>

	]: '''PL'''<br>		]: '''PL'''<br>

			]: '''.pl'''<br>

	]: '''48'''<br>		]: '''48'''<br>



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	Language spoken: Polish (''see'' ]).		Language spoken: Polish (''see'' ]).



	For the ] see ].		For the ] see ].



	Poland is divided into 16 regions or voivodships (Polish: ''województwo''):		Poland is divided into 16 regions or voivodships (Polish: ''województwo''):

	] (Dolnośl&aogonek;skie), ], ],
	], ] (&Lstroke;ódzkie), ] (~~Małopolskie~~), ], ], ], ], ], ] (&Sacute;l&aogonek;skie), ] (&Sacute;wi&eogonek;tokrzyskie),		] (Dolnośl&aogonek;skie), ], ],

			], ] (&Lstroke;ódzkie), ] (Małopolskie), ], ], ], ], ], ] (&Sacute;l&aogonek;skie), ] (&Sacute;wi&eogonek;tokrzyskie),

	] (Warmi&nacute;sko-Mazurskie), ],		] (Warmi&nacute;sko-Mazurskie), ],

	]		]



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	]		]

Revision as of 12:07, 25 November 2001

Officially Republic of Poland, in Polish Polska, or Rzeczpospolita Polska, country lying at the physical centre of the european continent, approximately between latitudes 49-o and 55-o N and longitudes 14-o and 24-o E. Except for its southern mountainous regions, the country consists almost entirely of lowlands within the North European Plain. The total area of Poland is 120,728 square miles (312,685 square kilometres). Its capital is Warsaw (Warszawa). Other major cities include Wroclaw, Poznan, Lodz, Gdansk (Danzig), Elblag, Gdynia, Szczecin, Katowice and Krakow (Cracow).

Over the past millennium, the name Poland has been applied to a shifting territorial base. At one time, in the mid-1500s, Poland was the largest state in Europe. At other times there was no Polish state at all. Poland gained its independence in the Treaty of Versailles in 1918 only to be overrun by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in World War II. Its current frontiers, stretching for 2,198 miles (3,538 kilometres), were drawn in 1945; Poland became a Soviet satellite country following the war, but one that was comparatively tolerant and progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the formation of an independent trade union "Solidarity" Solidarnosc) that over time became a political force and by 1990 had swept parliamentary elections and the presidency. Complete freedom came with the implosion of the USSR in 1991. A "shock therapy" program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe,

boosting hopes for early acceptance to the EU. Poland joined NATO in 1999.

Poland is bordered to the north by the Baltic Sea, to the northeast by

Russia (the Kaliningrad area) and Lithuania, and to the east by

Belarus and Ukraine. To the south the border follows the watershed of

the Beskid, Carpathian, and the Sudeten (Sudety) mountains, which

separate Poland from Slovakia and the Czech Republic, while to the west

the border with Germany is defined by the Neisse (Nysa Luzycka) and

Oder (Odra) rivers.
On geographical as well as historical grounds

Poland is divided in serveral regions : Greater Poland, Lesser Poland,

Upper Silesia, Lower Silesia, Mazowsze, Warmia, Mazury,

Kujawy, West Pomerania, Gdansk Pomerania, Podhale and [[Tatra

Mountains]].