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Revision as of 10:33, 9 May 2004
Renaissance music is classical music written during the Renaissance period, approximately 1400 to 1600 A.D. in most of Europe, and up to about 1620 A.D. in England. Defining the end of the period is easier than defining the beginning, since there were no revolutionary shifts in musical thinking at the beginning of the 15th century corresponding to the sudden development of the styles corresponding to the Baroque era around 1600, and the process by which music acquired "Renaissance" characteristics was a gradual one.
The increasing reliance on the interval of the third as a consonance is one of the most pronounced features of early Renaissance European art music (in the Middle Ages, thirds had been considered dissonances: see interval). Polyphony, in use since the 12th century, became increasingly elaborate with highly independent voices throughout the 14th century: the beginning of the 15th century showed simplification, with the voices often striving for smoothness. This was possible because of a greatly increased vocal range in music--in the Middle Ages, the narrow range made necessary frequent crossing of parts, which also made it necessary to write highly contrasting parts.
Principal liturgical forms of the period were masses and motets, with some other developments towards the end; secular music had an increasingly wide distribution, with a wide variety of forms, but one must be cautious about assuming an explosion in variety: since printing made music more widely available, much more has survived from this era than from the preceding Medieval era, and probably a rich store of popular music of the late Middle Ages is irretrievably lost. Secular music included songs for one or many voices, forms such as the chanson and madrigal, consort music for recorder or viol and other instruments, and dances for various ensembles.
Forms
Composers
- Martin Agricola (1466-1506)
- Jacques Arcadelt (1505?-1568) (also known as Jacob Arcadelt)
- Elias N. Ammerbach (c1530-1597)
- Hugh Aston (c1485-1558)
- Balint Bakfark (1507-1576) (aka Valentin/Valentine/Valentinus Bakfark)
- Juan Bermudo (c1510-c1565)
- Antoine Brumel (1460-after 1520)
- Hans Buchner (1483-c1540)
- Antoine Busnois) (c1430-1492)
- William Byrd (1543-1623)
- Antonio de Cabezón (1510-1566)
- Giulio Caccini (c1545-1618)
- Thomas Campion (1567 - 1620)
- Marchetto Cara (c1470-1525?)
- Emilio de' Cavalieri (c1550-1602)
- Girolamo Cavazzoni (c1525-after 1577)
- Jacob Clemens non Papa (c1510-c1555) (Jacques Clément)
- Loyset Compère (c1450-1518)
- William Cornysh (c1465-1523)
- Richard Davy (c1465-c1507)
- Girolamo Diruta (1557-1612)
- John Dowland (1563-1626)
- Guillaume Dufay (c.1400-1474)
- Juan del Encina (1468-c1529)
- Pedro de Escobar (c1465-1535)
- Robert Fayrfax (1464-1521)
- Constanzo Festa (c1490-1545)
- Walter Frye (fl. c1450-1475)
- Andrea Gabrieli (c.1510-1586)
- Giovanni Gabrieli (1557-1612)
- Carlo Gesualdo (1560-1613)
- Orlando Gibbons (1583-1625)
- Nicolas Gombert (c1495-c1560)
- Claude Goudimel (c1510-1572)
- Francisco Guerrero (1528-1599)
- Paul Hofhaimer (1459-1537)
- Heinrich Isaac (c.1450-1517)
- Clément Janequin (c1485-1558)
- Claude Le Jeune (1530-1600)
- John Jenkins (1592-1678)
- Leonhard Kleber (c1490-1556)
- Orlandus Lassus (c1531-1594) (also known as Orlando di Lasso)
- Luzzasco Luzzaschi (c1545-1607)
- Pierre de Manchicourt (c1510-1564)
- Luca Marenzio (c1553-1599)
- Claudio Merulo (1533-1604)
- Luis de Milán (c1500-c1561)
- Philippe de Monte (1521-1603)
- Cristóbal de Morales (c1500-1553)
- Thomas Morley (1557-1603)
- Robert Morton (c1430-after 1475)
- Jean Mouton (c1459-1522)
- Alonso Mudarra (c1508-1580)
- Jacob Obrecht (c1453-1505)
- Johannes Ockeghem (c1415-1497)
- Diego Ortiz (c1510-c1570)
- Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c1525-1594)
- Francisco de Peñalosa (c1470-1528)
- Jacopo Peri (1561-1633)
- Costanzo Porta (c1529-1601)
- Josquin des Prez (c.1440-1521)
- Cypriano de Rore (c1515-1565)
- Pierre de la Rue (c1460-1518)
- Tomás de Sancta Maria (c1515-1570)
- Arnolt Schlick (c1450-c1525)
- Ludwig Senfl (c1486-c1542)
- Claudin de Sermisy (c1490-1562)
- John Sheppard (c1515-1559)
- Alessandro Striggio (c1535-1592)
- Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (1562-1621)
- Thomas Tallis (c1505-1585)
- John Taverner (c1490-1545)
- Bartolomeo Tromboncino (c1470-c1535)
- Christopher Tye (c1505-1572?)
- Orazio Vecchi (1550-1605)
- Philippe Verdelot (c1475-before 1552)
- Tomas Luis de Victoria (1548-1611)
- Johann Walter (1496-1570)
- Giaches de Wert (1535-1596)
- Adrian Willaert (c1490-1562)
- Gioseffo Zarlino (1517-1590)