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| {{Infobox religious building | |||
| |building_name=Gandzasar<br>Գանձասար | |||
| |image=Gandzasar Monastery1.jpg | |||
| |caption= | |||
| |location=near the village of ], ],<br/>{{flagicon|Nagorno-Karabakh Republic}} ] | |||
| | map_type = Nagorno-Karabakh Republic | |||
| | map_size = 275 | |||
| |geo= | |||
| | latitude = 40.0568388989 | |||
| | longitude = 46.5312333433 | |||
| |religious_affiliation=] | |||
| |district= | |||
| |consecration_year=], 1240 | |||
| |status=Functioning | |||
| |leadership= | |||
| |website= | |||
| |architect= | |||
| |architecture_type=], ] | |||
| |architecture_style= ] | |||
| |facade_direction= | |||
| |year_started=1216 | |||
| |year_completed=1238 | |||
| |construction_cost= | |||
| |capacity= | |||
| |length= | |||
| |width= | |||
| |width_nave= | |||
| |height_max= | |||
| |dome_quantity= | |||
| |dome_height_outer= | |||
| |dome_height_inner= | |||
| |dome_dia_outer= | |||
| |dome_dia_inner= | |||
| |minaret_quantity= | |||
| |minaret_height= | |||
| |spire_quantity= | |||
| |spire_height= | |||
| |materials= | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Gandzasar monastery''' ({{lang-hy|Գանձասարի վանք}}) is a 13th century ] ] situated in the ] region of ], near the village of Vank. "Gandzasar" means ''treasure mountain'' or ''hilltop treasure'' in Armenian.<ref name= "bbc2005">Thus, the name divided into syllables, Գանձ+ա+սար, is translated as ] = treasure; ] = mountain or hilltop, with the letter "]" (-a-), forming an ] ].</ref> The monastery holds relics believed to belong to ], father of John the Baptist. Gandzasar was the residence of the ] of the Albanian Catholicate of the Armenian Apostolic Church from about 1400 until 1816,<ref name="hewsen">{{cite book | last = Hewsen | first = Robert H. | title = Armenia: A Historical Atlas | year = 2001 | publisher = ] | isbn = 0-226-33228-4 | page = 159}}</ref> and is now the seat of the Archbishop of ]. | |||
| ==History and architecture== | |||
| The construction of Gandzasar began in 1216, under the patronage of the Armenian prince of ], ], and it was completed in 1238 and consecrated on ], 1240. | |||
| The complex is protected by high walls. Within the complex is the Cathedral of St. ] (Սուրբ Յովհաննու Մկրտիչ եկեղեցի in ]), built between 1216 and 1238.<ref>Khatcherian, Hrair (1997). ''Artsakh: A Photographic Journey''. Eastern Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America, p. 13.</ref> The drum of its dome has exquisite bas-reliefs that depict the ], ], and two ministers holding a model of the church above their heads as an offering to God. The bas-reliefs have been compared to the elaborate carvings of ],<ref> See Comneno, Lala M., Cuneo, P, and Manukian, S. Volume 19: Gharabagh. Documents of Armenian Art - Documenti di Architettura Armena Series. Polytechnique and the Armenian Academy of Sciences, Milan, OEMME Edizioni, 1980, Introduction</ref> and some art historians consider the monastery to represent one of the masterpieces of ]. Anatoly L. Yakobson, a prominent Soviet medieval art historian, described Gandzasar as a "pearl of architectural art....This is a unique monument of medieval architecture and monumental sculpture, which by right ought to be regarded as an encyclopedia of 13th-century Armenian art."<ref>{{cite book | |||
| | last = Hakobyan | |||
| | first = Hravard H | |||
| | title = The Medieval Art of Artsakh | |||
| | publisher =Parberakan | |||
| | location= Yerevan, Armenian SSR | |||
| | year = 1990 | |||
| | page= 76 | |||
| | isbn = 5-8079-0195-9}}</ref> | |||
| Gandzasar's cathedral church shares many architectural forms with the main churches of two other Armenian monasteries also built in the mid-13th century: ] and ]. <ref>] and Patrick Donabedian. ''Les Arts Arméniens''. Paris, 1987.</ref><ref>Thierry, Jean. ''Eglises et Couvents du Karabagh''. Antelais, Lebanon, 1991, pp. 161-165</ref> | |||
| == Gallery == | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| Image:Gandzasar111.jpg|The Gandzasar monastery | |||
| Image:Gandzasar2.jpg|Closeup of cupola | |||
| Image:Gandzasar little stream of light.jpg|Interior | |||
| Image:Gandzasar ornaments.jpg|Gandzasar bas-reliefs | |||
| Image:Gandzasar ornaments 2.jpg|Armenian medieval lapidary inscriptions on Gandzasar's walls | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| == See also == | |||
| {{Commonscat|Gandzasar}} | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{Reflist|2}} | |||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| *{{ru icon}} Yakobson, Anatoly L. “From the History of Medieval Armenian Architecture: the Monastery of Gandzasar,” in: ''Studies in the History of Culture of the Peoples in the East''. Moscow-Leningrad. 1960. | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * (official site) | |||
| * | |||
| {{Armenian Churches}} | |||
| {{Contemporary Armenian Churches}} | |||
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Revision as of 18:12, 21 May 2010
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