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In 1997, Hoagland received the ] for Astronomy.<ref></ref> In November 2006, ] interviewed Hoagland.<ref></ref> In November 2009, Hoagland spoke at the Secrets! 2009 Conference.<ref></ref> Hoagland spoke about his "Hyperdimensional Physics", how "4D-hyperspace" governs cohesion in seemingly random 3D-physical reality events. Hoagland has made numerous claims about the existence of intelligent extraterrestrial life, supported by digitally reprocessed photographic evidence from planetary exploration and testimonials by former government and military officials. During guest appearances on ''],'' Hoagland references longstanding friendships with scientists from ] and the ] who, according to Hoagland, provide him with inside information. However, on the 21 and 22 August 2008 radio show he stated "we do not depend on sources, when I say so-and-so source told me, I have ''additional'' confirmation from another mechanism, usually the physics and terms of numbers that backs up with what our source or sources have told us." In 1997, Hoagland received the ] for Astronomy.<ref></ref> In November 2006, ] interviewed Hoagland.<ref></ref> In November 2009, Hoagland spoke at the Secrets! 2009 Conference.<ref></ref> Hoagland spoke about his "Hyperdimensional Physics", how "4D-hyperspace" governs cohesion in seemingly random 3D-physical reality events. Hoagland has made numerous claims about the existence of intelligent extraterrestrial life, supported by digitally reprocessed photographic evidence from planetary exploration and testimonials by former government and military officials. During guest appearances on ''],'' Hoagland references longstanding friendships with scientists from ] and the ] who, according to Hoagland, provide him with inside information. However, on the 21 and 22 August 2008 radio show he stated "we do not depend on sources, when I say so-and-so source told me, I have ''additional'' confirmation from another mechanism, usually the physics and terms of numbers that backs up with what our source or sources have told us."

===Hyperdimensional physics===
Hoagland has proposed a form of ] he calls 'hyperdimensional physics'<ref></ref><ref>, ], broadcast 15 May 2004. Retrieved 6 December 2007.</ref> which, supported by the work of ],<ref> article.</ref> he claims to represent the full implementation of ]'s original 20 quaternion equations,<ref></ref> instead of the reduced ] as amended by ] commonly taught today.

A tenet of these views holds that vast amounts of energy originating from dimensions we cannot perceive are available at latitudes 19.5° both south and north on the Sun and every planet in the ]. Hoagland points to the colossal ], ], on ] as the supreme example. The center of Olympus Mons is at 18.3°N 227°E.and the massive shield spans 14°N to 24°N.<ref>, ], 11 February 2004. Retrieved 6 December 2007</ref> According to Hoagland,<ref>Hoagland & Bara(2), p. 116</ref> an essential prediction of his theory is that a massive planet is yet to be discovered in the solar system. Hyperdimensional physics is not taught in any recognized institution of learning anywhere in the world, and 19.5° energy on planet Earth has never been demonstrated.<ref group="note">The volcanoes ] (19°29' N) and ] (19°01' N) are fairly close. The 19.5°N latitude also passes near Santiago in ], parts of the ] desert, and ] in ]. The 19.5°S latitude passes near ], ], ] in ], and ] in ]'s ]. ] has at least 160 giant volcanoes, and some of them are likely to be at or near 19.5°. ]'s giant ] is at 22°S</ref>

===Mars, Face on Mars, and Cydonia===
On July 25, 1976, Tobias Owen put a magnifying glass over ] 1 frame 35A72 and first saw the so-called ] in the ] region of the planet.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}{{off-topic?|Tobias Owen}}

Hoagland claims "the ]" is part of a city built on ] consisting of very large ] and mounds arranged in a geometric pattern, with the ]s between measured angles roughly equaling mathematical constants such as ], ], and the ]. He states that the ratio between the surface area of a ] and the surface area of the ] inscribed within it, 2.720699 (pi x ] / 2), is an approximation of ] that Hoagland refers to as e<strong>'</strong>. Since e<strong>'</strong>/] (] / 2) is ~0.866, Hoagland speculates that the ''primary'' meaning of the geometry of Cydonia is to emphasize the ratio of the sphere and circumscribed tetrahedron.<ref> from Enterprise Mission website, Hoagland & Torun 1989. This number is close to ''e'', the base of natural logarithms (2.718282). Hoagland therefore calls it 'e-prime' and uses it in calculations as though it were actually ''e''.</ref> To Hoagland, this is evidence that an advanced civilization might once have existed on Mars, and that NASA is suppressing the evidence for reasons explained in a ] report entitled ''].'' In fact, although the report did state that it is a possibility that such information would destabilize society, it stopped short of actually recommending suppression.<ref></ref>

On April 5, 1998, the ] probe sent back better images of the Cydonia region<ref> from Malin Space Science Systems</ref> that indicated that the face was an irregularly shaped mountain. Hoagland contends these images were run through multiple filters that degraded the original image in quality, giving it a catbox appearance which obscures what is really on Mars.<ref> from Enterprise Mission website, 1998.</ref> On September 21, 2006, several new 3D views were released,<ref></ref><ref></ref> derived from the high-resolution stereo camera on the ]'s ] orbiter. In response to their publication Hoagland remarked "Science is not about what you can see. It's about what you can measure,", and Hoagland's co-author Mike Bara has accused the ], which released that photo set, of fraud.<ref></ref> The image from the HiRISE camera on ], released in April 2007, was so detailed that even Hoagland appears to have abandoned his contention that the whole structure is a face. In the epilogue to his book released the following October, he analyzes instead the details of the face mesa within the MRO frame that he says are "obviously collapsed geometric ruins parallel walls, multiple, 3-D planes, twisted beams, and thin girders."<ref>Hoagland & Bara, ''Dark Mission'' pp. 525–41</ref>

In March 2010 the ]'s ] returned radar and visual data from Mars' larger moon, ], showing the moon in unprecedented detail. Hoagland wrote<ref></ref> that Phobos was revealed to be artificial, a "manufactured" satellite. He added that ESA itself would soon announce this finding.

Hoagland also claims that the true color of Mars is salmon red with patches of greenish plant life and a light blue sky,<ref> from Enterprise Mission website, 2002</ref> that Mars was once the moon of a larger planet which exploded, leaving Mars isolated,<ref group="note">Adapted with acknowledgment from the late ]</ref><ref> from Enterprise Mission website</ref> that the advanced civilization on Mars had prior warning of the cataclysm and so escaped via migration to planet Earth, eventually adapting to the environment and becoming the present human race,<ref></ref> and that the numerous objects surrounding the landing sites of the ] are in fact pieces of Martian machinery.<ref> from Enterprise Mission website, 2004</ref>

===Life on Europa===
Hoagland claims the theory concerning the presence of oceans, and possibly life, under the surface of Jupiter's moon ], originated in an article he published in the January 1980 issue of ''Star & Sky'' magazine.<ref></ref> This claim is disputed by Ralph Greenberg, a professor of Mathematics at the ], who asserts that such theories were widely known in the 1970s, pointing out that ], for example, promoted them in his 1979 book ''Extraterrestrial Civilizations''.<ref></ref> Hoagland himself references the work of "Cassen, Peale, and Reynolds" in the article.<ref></ref> Their computer modeling work looked at the possibility that tidal heating could maintain an ocean beneath the icy surface.<ref>"Is There Liquid Water on Europa?" (Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 6, September 1979)</ref> Other work on the subject, including speculation concerning life, had been published throughout the 1970s, going as far back as 1971.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}

===The Moon===
Hoagland rejects the entire body of knowledge represented by professional ] and asserts that there are large semitransparent structures constructed of glass on the lunar surface, visible in some ] photography when the images are digitally manipulated.<ref></ref> He goes on to say that NASA is suppressing knowledge of an ancient ], and that the advanced technology of this civilization is lying around on the Moon's surface.<ref></ref><ref></ref> He has repeatedly alleged that the 12 moon-walkers, who would be well qualified to confirm the existence of lunar artifacts and glass structures, have had their memories selectively edited via ] so that they no longer remember seeing evidence of a lunar civilization.<ref>''],'' 7 August 2007</ref> He has stated that a feature in an image of the lunar surface, mistakenly believed by professional planetary scientists to be a rock, is actually the severed head of a robot,<ref>Hoagland & Bara, ''The Data Head''; enterprisemission.com</ref> and that NASA is the originator of the ].<ref>Hoagland & Bara (2), pp. 68-70</ref>

On Coast to Coast AM on September 24/25 2009 Hoagland stated that the extremely thin film of water that had been detected on the Moon<ref></ref> was obviously leaking from buried cities.<ref></ref>

On October 6/7 2009<ref></ref> he opined that the upcoming ] lunar impact was targeted on a manned lunar base, set up by "The Secret Space Program," and that the impact would reveal some secrets. He also said that the impact would be recorded by ] seismometers &mdash; the idea that ] was ] was "just another NASA lie." 18 days after the ] lunar impacts, Hoagland released a digitally manipulated copy of the plume image released by NASA. Hoagland wrote<ref></ref> that the rectilinear pixellation pattern emphasized by his manipulation of the photograph is in fact a ruined city.

===U.S. government conspiracy===
Hoagland claims The United States government has covered up the presence of ], that the Space Agency murdered the Apollo 1 astronauts,<ref name="Grissom">]'s "Liberty Bell" capsule at enterprisemisssion.com]</ref> that NASA missions to Mars are a "well documented interest of the Bush family",<ref></ref><ref></ref> and that there is a clandestine space program which uses antigravity technology reverse-engineered from lunar artifacts and communicated by secret societies.<ref name="Coast"></ref>

Hoagland further claims that President ] was ] by an agency or agencies opposed to his stated policy<ref>The offer was made during a to the United Nations General Assembly, Sept. 20 1963</ref> of inviting ] to create a joint U.S.—Soviet manned lunar effort.<ref name="Coast"/> He asserts that Federal agencies such as the ] (FEMA) and ] are linked to Freemasonry.<ref name="Grissom"/><ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref>

===The Norwegian spiral===
{{main|2009 Norwegian spiral anomaly}}

Hoagland has commented at great length<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref> on the so-called ], an extraordinary display of light seen over much of northern ] on 9 December 2009, caused by the partial failure of a Russian ] test flight. Hoagland draws special attention to the fact that this event occurred close to President ]'s arrival in Norway to accept the ].

On 2–3 February 2010, on the ] radio show,<ref></ref> Hoagland announced that the Russian SLBM had in fact been captured by Dark Forces intent on preventing mankind's exploration of outer space. These Dark Forces, he explained, were probably headed by ] officers who had escaped into space after ]. To Hoagland, this was a sufficient explanation of President Obama's desire to cancel ], since Obama had clearly accepted that any attempt to return to the ] would be thwarted by the superior technology of the Nazis in space.

===Other claims===
Hoagland has asserted that he was the "co-creator" of the ] along with ],<ref name="Posner"></ref><ref>http://www.gpposner.com/reply_Hoagland.html</ref><ref>http://www.enterprisemission.com/skeptik.htm</ref> that the Saturnian moon ] is an artificial world,<ref name="MoonView"></ref> that ], which burned up in Jupiter's atmosphere, caused a mysterious black spot due to its nuclear power source,<ref></ref> that the ] were part of a pseudo-] conspiracy,<ref></ref><ref></ref> and that The ] was intentionally altered by author ].<ref></ref>

On December 9, 2007, Hoagland wrote that the vexatious problems NASA was then having with the “ECO” low-fuel sensors in the ] main fuel tank were due to what he called “Torsion Physics”, which he claimed would never be resolved by conventional engineering.<ref></ref> On February 7, 2008, ] launched successfully. In the postlaunch press conference mission managers reported that the ECO sensors had performed flawlessly. The problem had been traced to an external tank feed-through connector&mdash;and corrected using perfectly conventional engineering ]. The mission ended, as planned, on February 20&mdash;and was called a complete success. He also asserts that the orbital parameters of ]s are influenced by an ] field in addition to the energy imparted by their launch rockets, which has been kept secret for fifty years until revealed by himself in August 2008.<ref></ref> ] between Iridium 33 and Kosmos 2251 was "...deliberate, it was an act of violence.", with the intent to make ] "uninhabitable", and to permit termination of the ] and the ]. He stated on March 16 and 17, 2009 during the ] show that the Hubble repair mission ], scheduled for May 2009, will be canceled in line with a policy allowing NASA to devote resources to more inspiring programs (it was not). In addition, NASA statements about two space-junk alerts in March 2009 were "lies." During the ] programs on June 10 and 11, 2009, Hoagland stated that NASA is destroying evidence of life on Mars through the heating of soil samples to high temperatures by the various rovers and landers, which has killed "Martians". During the ] on May 21 and 22, 2009 he claimed that the Obama Administration could announce in the next few months that we have found life on Mars, and that Interplanetary warfare is being waged right now in Earth orbit, conducted by factions of a secret supra-national World Government.

On October 16/17<ref></ref> he stated that the new ] rocket, scheduled for rollout on October 19 for launch on October 27, would never reach the launch pad. In fact, Ares arrived at pad 39B on October 20, 2009.<ref>http://www.informationweek.com/news/government/leadership/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=220700405</ref>

Hoagland is a proponent of the theory that all the planets in the solar system are warming, and rejects the theory of man-made climate change. In 2004 he co-authored a report with ] to this effect. <ref>http://www.enterprisemission.com/_articles/05-14-2004/Interplanetary_1.htm Interplanetary “Day After Tomorrow?”</ref>


==Responses by scientists== ==Responses by scientists==

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Richard Charles Hoagland
Born (1945-04-25) April 25, 1945 (age 79)
NationalityAmerican
Known forTheories about extraterrestrial civilizations; accusations that NASA is a corrupt and mendacious agency
PartnerRobin Falkov
Websitehttp://www.enterprisemission.com http://www.darkmission.net

Richard Charles Hoagland, most commonly known as Richard C. Hoagland, (born April 25, 1945) is an American author and a proponent of various conspiracy theories about NASA, lost alien civilizations on the Moon and on Mars and other related topics. Claims from his personal biography and publication include having been curator for a science museum in Springfield Massachusetts at age 19 in the mid-60s. Hoagland does not have any scientific training.

His writings claim that advanced civilizations exist or once existed on the moon, Mars and on some of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, and that NASA and the United States government have conspired to keep these facts secret. He has advocated his ideas in two published books, several videotapes, lectures, interviews, and press conferences. His views have never been published in peer-reviewed journals. Hoagland has been labeled by James Oberg of The Space Review and Phil Plait of Bad Astronomy as a conspiracy theorist and fringe thinker.

Background

Hoagland claims that he served as a curator of astronomy & space science at the Springfield Science Museum, located at The Quadrangle in Springfield, Massachusetts, and claims that he was a consultant to CBS News during the Apollo program. Walter Cronkite has since called Hoagland's views "hocus pocus nonsense." Hoagland appears regularly as a Science Adviser on Coast to Coast AM with George Noory. Hoagland has also appeared on the BBC programs UFO Evidence & Conspiracy, and Mysteries in Space. Hoagland co-produced a radio program on WTIC (AM) of Hartford, Connecticut, The Night of the Encounter, which covered the July 14, 1965, Mariner 4 flyby of the planet Mars. Hoagland authored the book The Monuments of Mars: A City on the Edge of Forever, and co-authored the book Dark Mission: The Secret History of NASA, which was ranked 21st on the New York Times Best Seller list for Paperback Nonfiction for one week on November 18, 2007.

Hoagland operates a website, Enterprise Mission, which he terms "an independent NASA watchdog and research group attempting to figure out how much of what NASA has found in the solar system over the past 50 years has actually been silently filed out of sight as classified material". In late 2007, Hoagland released the recording of a National Press Club press conference held on October 30, 2007 in which Hoagland and whistleblower Ken Johnston announced that Johnston was ordered to destroy Apollo lunar images and data 40 years ago. Johnston states that he secretly preserved these Apollo images in a private album of "about 1000 old NASA photos and other memorabilia" from his time at NASA, and some of these images were printed and discussed along with Johnston's story in the Dark Mission book. In December 2007, Project Camelot released a 3-part ~3 hour interview with Hoagland where he talks about "the secret history of NASA", he shows lunar images and elaborates on his various claims about the moon, and he talks about a variety of topics such as "hyperdimensional physics", ancient monuments, the Vatican, consciousness, and the year 2012.

In 1997, Hoagland received the Ig Nobel Award for Astronomy. In November 2006, Conscious Media Network interviewed Hoagland. In November 2009, Hoagland spoke at the Secrets! 2009 Conference. Hoagland spoke about his "Hyperdimensional Physics", how "4D-hyperspace" governs cohesion in seemingly random 3D-physical reality events. Hoagland has made numerous claims about the existence of intelligent extraterrestrial life, supported by digitally reprocessed photographic evidence from planetary exploration and testimonials by former government and military officials. During guest appearances on Coast to Coast AM With George Noory, Hoagland references longstanding friendships with scientists from NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory who, according to Hoagland, provide him with inside information. However, on the 21 and 22 August 2008 radio show he stated "we do not depend on sources, when I say so-and-so source told me, I have additional confirmation from another mechanism, usually the physics and terms of numbers that backs up with what our source or sources have told us."

Responses by scientists

Many scientists have responded to Hoagland's claims and assertions. Professional astronomer Phil Plait described Hoagland as a "pseudoscientist" and his claims as "ridiculous." In 2002, Ralph Greenberg, Professor of Mathematics at University of Washington, Seattle, wrote a paper asserting that the logic of Hoagland's deductions from the geometry of Cydonia Mensae is flawed. The claim that the crashing of the Galileo Probe into Jupiter caused a "mysterious black spot" on the planet has since been disputed by both NASA and Dr. Plait. There is photographic evidence that a similar "black spot" was present in imagery of Jupiter taken in 1998. A second image referenced by Dr. Plait shows a dark ring which looks similar to the spot Hoagland cited. In 1995 Malin Space Science Systems, NASA prime contractor for planetary imaging, published a paper critiquing claims that the 'city' at Cydonia is artificial, the claimed mathematical relationships, and — very specifically — denying any claims about concealing questionable data from the public.

Publications

References

Notes

  1. The radio program was submitted for a Peabody Award by the producers, but did not win. The résumé referenced in this paragraph states that the program was nominated(sic) for this award. The submission process is a matter of filling out an entry form and paying an administrative fee. There is no valid analogy with a nomination for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Oscars, which is an honor in itself. The entry form (51-65R) for A Night of Encounter lists only Charles Renaud as the producer of the program. Paul W. Morency, president of Broadcast-Plaza, Inc., submitted the entry form. The entry form, along with an archival 7" 45 rpm gramophone audio recording of the program, is currently being held at the Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library at the University of Georgia Libraries in Athens, Georgia. WTIC announcer Dick Bertel hosted the program and interviewed Hoagland, and the program also featured a conversation between Hoagland and astronomer Dr. Robert S. Richardson, associate director of the Griffith Observatory.

Citations

  1. Coast to Coast AM. 17 June 1997. {{cite episode}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |began=, |episodelink=, |city=, |serieslink=, |ended=, |transcripturl=, and |seriesno= (help)
  2. Website biographical information
  3. Introduction of Dark Mission
  4. ^ Hoagland biography from Enterprise Mission website
  5. Hoagland's Mars 6hr 13min, categorized as Science Fiction, Film Baby. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  6. The Hyperdimensional Election of Barack Obama and 2012, late 2008 space exploration video based on his proposed Hyperdimensional Physics, 3hrs, watch part1 and part2.
  7. ^ Enterprise Mission National Press Club NASA Briefing, October 30th 2007 video capture.
  8. Hoagland at the Los Angeles Hilton, November 4, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  9. He regularly appears as a "Science Adviser" on Coast to Coast AM. For example http://www.coasttocoastam.com/shows/2007/10/09.html NASA's Deceptions, broadcast October 9, 2007. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  10. ^ Project Camelot Interview, December 2007, about 2hr 45min.
  11. National Press Club, 10/22/07
    Gaithersburg, Maryland, 04/16/04 http://www.paradigmresearchgroup.org/X-Conference2004/press_releases.htm
    Washington DC, 03/21/96 http://www.v-j-enterprises.com/hoagnews.html
  12. OMB Peer Review: Public Comment Concerning NASA, cites "Efrain Palermo and Richard Hoagland for their previous research which was submitted as peer reviewed material concerning the feature of water streaks on Mars and the possibility of water actually being able to collect on the surface.". On his web site, Efrain Palermo writes: "I am not a scientist or a geologist. I am a layman astronomer and an artist."
  13. James Oberg The dark side of space disaster theories, The Space Review, January 21, 2008
  14. Richard Hoagland's Nonsense, Bad Astronomy, ©2008 Phil Plait
  15. "In My Absence ..." from Enterprise Mission website
  16. Coast to Coast AM Radio Show, Episode: Astral Projection Techniques, Host George Noory, Original broadcast: 04-25-05, Listen to audio of "Walter Cronkite" Calls Hoagland
  17. space.com, war of the words
  18. http://www.darkmission.net Dark Mission website
  19. Dark Mission on NY Times Bestseller List
  20. National Press Club event information, Enterprise Mission article,NPC press conference, October 2007 (excerpt)
  21. Dark Mission, p.145
  22. Dark Mission: "The Ken Johnston collection", ch.4, p.144-164
  23. Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize
  24. Conscious Media Network interview
  25. Secrets 2009 Official Program
  26. "Richard Hoagland's Nonsense".
  27. "THE D&M PYRAMID ON MARS AND RICHARD HOAGLAND'S THEORIES ABOUT CYDONIA
  28. "PIA01496: Jovian Dark Spot". NASA. Retrieved 2006-06-28.
  29. Malin, Michael C.; "Observations of the 'Face on Mars' and similar features by the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter Camera"; msss.com; 1995

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