Misplaced Pages

Duduk: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 09:50, 7 September 2010 view source46.70.81.66 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit Revision as of 06:10, 8 September 2010 view source 98.149.117.49 (talk)No edit summaryNext edit →
Line 19: Line 19:
] ]


The duduk is a ] instrument which has ancient origins, said to be from 1500 to 3000 years old.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed. Armenian duduks are mainly made from aged ] wood, although other regional varieties use other materials (mulberry, etc.). In Armenian the instrument is called "tsiranapogh" or "apricot pipe".<ref></ref> The particular tuning depends heavily on the region which it is played. In the twentieth century the Armenian duduk began to be standardized ] in scale and single-] in range. Accidentals, or ] are achieved using fingering techniques. The instrument's body also has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The ] (Armenian: ], ''eġegn''), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breath requirements. The duduk player is called ''dudukahar'' (դուդուկահար) in Armenian. The duduk is a ] instrument which has ancient origins to ], said to be from 1500 to 3000 years old.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed. Armenian duduks are mainly made from aged ] wood, although other regional varieties use other materials (mulberry, etc.). In Armenian the instrument is called "tsiranapogh" or "apricot pipe".<ref></ref> The particular tuning depends heavily on the region which it is played. In the twentieth century the Armenian duduk began to be standardized ] in scale and single-] in range. Accidentals, or ] are achieved using fingering techniques. The instrument's body also has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The ] (Armenian: ], ''eġegn''), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breath requirements. The duduk player is called ''dudukahar'' (դուդուկահար) in Armenian.


==History== ==History==

Revision as of 06:10, 8 September 2010

Duduk
A traditional duduk
Other namesԾիրանափող (Tsiranapogh), düdük, duduki, дудка
Classification Wind instrument with double reed
Playing range
Musicians
Gevorg Dabaghyan, Djivan Gasparyan, Alihan Samedov, Pedro Eustache, Vache Sharafyan
A duduk

The duduk is a traditional woodwind instrument popular in the Caucasus, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. The English word is often used generically for a family of ethnic instruments including the doudouk or duduk (դուդուկ) (also tsiranapogh (ծիրանափող, literally "apricot horn") in Armenian, the düdük or mey in Turkey, the duduki in Georgia, the balaban (or düdük) in Azerbaijan, the narmeh-ney in Iran, the duduka or dudka in Russia and Ukraine. The word itself is ultimately derived from Turkish "düdük", likely of onomatopoeic origin. The word dudka in Slavic languages is a diminutive of duda and is of native Slavic origin.

Overview

A duduk mouthpiece

The duduk is a double reed instrument which has ancient origins to Armenia, said to be from 1500 to 3000 years old. The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed. Armenian duduks are mainly made from aged apricot wood, although other regional varieties use other materials (mulberry, etc.). In Armenian the instrument is called "tsiranapogh" or "apricot pipe". The particular tuning depends heavily on the region which it is played. In the twentieth century the Armenian duduk began to be standardized diatonic in scale and single-octave in range. Accidentals, or chromatics are achieved using fingering techniques. The instrument's body also has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The reed (Armenian: եղեգն, eġegn), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breath requirements. The duduk player is called dudukahar (դուդուկահար) in Armenian.

History

The duduk is one of the oldest double reed instruments in the world and dates back over 3,000 years to Ancient Armenia. Variants of the duduk can be found in Armenia and the Caucasus. The roots of Armenian duduk music date to the reign of the Armenian king Tigran the Great (r. 95–55 B.C.). The instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages. According to ethnomusicologist Dr. Jonathan McCollum:

It is actually the only truly Armenian instrument that’s survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Armenian national identity. The most important quality of the duduk is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Armenian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player.

Balkan duduk

While the term duduk mostly refers to a double reed instrument, it sometimes also refers to a kind of blocked-end flute, which in Bulgaria and a part of Macedonia is also called kaval or kavalče. Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: 700–780 mm and 240–400 mm (duduce). The blocked end is flat. Playing the duduk is fairly straightforward and easy, thus it is widely used throughout Macedonia. Its sound is clean and pleasant.

Film music

The sound of the duduk, if not the instrument itself, has become known to a large audience through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with Peter Gabriel's score for Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ, the duduk's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Djivan Gasparian played the duduk in Gladiator, Syriana, and Blood Diamond, among others. The duduk has also been used in The Crow, The Passion of Christ and even in science fiction, like Battlestar Galactica and Children of Dune TV series.

In popular culture

The 2010 Eurovision Song Contest entry from Armenia "Apricot Stone", which finished 7th in the final, featured the duduk played by Djivan Gasparyan.

A duduk player
Movie soundtracks
  • Ararat by Michael Danna
  • Bedtimes Stories by Rupert Gregson-Williams
  • Chronicles of Narnia by Harry Gregson-Williams, in the track A Narnia Lullaby.
  • Constantine by Brian Tyler, Klaus Badelt, in the track Circle of Hell
  • The Crow by Graeme Revell featuring the duduk player Djivan Gasparyan
  • Don't mess with the Zohan by Rupert Gregson-Williams
  • Elektra by Christophe Beck
  • Gladiator by Djivan Gasparyan in the track Duduk of the North
  • Hulk (2003) by Danny Elfman
  • Munich by John Williams
  • Mayrig by Omar Al Shariff
  • Next by Mark Isham
  • Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End by Hans Zimmer
  • Ronin (film) by Elia Cmiral
  • The Island by Steve Jablonsky
  • The Kite Runner by Alberto Iglesias
  • The Last Temptation of Christ by Peter Gabriel
  • The Pact of Wolves by Joseph Loduca
  • Vantage Point by Atli Orvarsson
  • Wanted by Danny Elfman


Television soundtracks
  • Angel by Rob Kral
  • Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) by Bear McCreary. Its tracks Two Funerals, Starbuck on the Red Moon, Escape from the Farm, Colonial Anthem, Black Market, Something Dark is Coming, Martial Law, Prelude to War feature the Armenian duduk. Roslin's theme was set to lyrics a second time for the third season premiere "Occupation", this time in Armenian.
  • Buffy the Vampire Slayer by Christophe Beck, Tomas Wanker, Rob Dunkin, Douglas Stevens
  • Castle by Robert Duncan
  • Children of Dune by Brian Tyler in the tracks Dune Messiah, The Throne of Alia, The Preacher At Arrakeen, Farewell
  • CIS: New-York by Bill Brown
  • Firefly by Greg Edmonson
  • Jag by Steve Bramson
  • Over There by Ed Rogers
  • Path to 9/11 by John Cameron
  • Spartacus by Randy Miller. Track Second Thought
  • Star Trek Enterprise by Paul Baillargeon
  • The Mummy Who Would Be King by Gil Talmi, Andrew Gross
  • The Pacific by Blake Neely and Geoff Zanelli
  • The Shield features the armenian song Hayots Aghoonak by Seda Garibyan
  • Xena: Warrior Princess by Joseph Loduca


Video game scores
  • Dark Void by Bear McCreary
  • Myst IV: Revelation by Jack Wall
  • Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones by Inon Zur
  • Uncharted 2 by Greg Edmonson


Anime soundtracks
  • Tales from Earthsea by Gedo Senki, in the tracks The Trip, The Spider and Violent Robbery/The Seduction of the Undead.

See also

Notes

  1. The Armenian duduk as a "Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity" from the UNESCO's 2005 proclamation.
  2. ^ "Nothing Sounds Armenian Like a Duduk: ALMA Lecture". Armenianweekly.com. 2010-02-12. Retrieved 2010-02-22.
  3. Farmer, H.G. "Mizmār." Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd Ed., v. 7. P. Bearman et al. (eds.) Leiden: Brill, 1993, p. 209.
  4. "The Duduk: From Village Feasts to Hollywood Movies." Hetq.
  5. Albright, Ch. "BĀLĀBĀN." Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  6. Template:Ru icon "Дудук." Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
  7. Russian language dictionary in 4 volumes. Volume 1. 1999
  8. “дуда” in М. Фасмер (1986), Этимологический Словарь Русского Языка (Москва: Прогресс), 2-е изд. — Перевод с немецкого и дополнения О.Н. Трубачёва
  9. Armenian apricot at welcomearmenia.com
  10. The Duduk and its Music. UNESCO. Accessed February 8, 2010.
  11. Duduk Music
  12. Gasparian article at imdb.com
  13. Duduk article from composer Bear McCreary's Battlestar Galactica site
  14. "Ararat". Filmtracks.com. 2002-11-05. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  15. ^ "Chris Bleth Movie Credits". Chrisbleth.com. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  16. Other reviews by Mike Brennan (2005-12-02). "soundtrack.net". soundtrack.net. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  17. Gladiator by Hans Zimmer and Lisa Gerrard
  18. "Hulk (Danny Elfman)". Filmtracks.com. 2003-06-17. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  19. "Instruments of Battlestar Galactica: Duduk". Bearmccreary.com. 2006-09-28. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  20. Runner, Blade (2004-02-26). "Duduk: The Instrument That Makes Hollywood Cry". Galactica-station.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  21. "Battlestar Galactica: Season Two". Musicweb-international.com. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  22. "Children of Dune". Cinemusic.net. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
  23. Benoit Basirico (2005-11-14). "Gedo Senki (Les Contes de Terremer)". Cinezik.org. Retrieved 2010-02-15.

External links


Double reed instruments
(also includes those with quadruple and sextuple reeds; does not include bagpipes)
European classical
(modern)
European classical
(historical)
African traditional
Asian traditional
European traditional
American traditional
Iranian musical instruments
Stringed
(Sāzhāy-e Zehī)
Bowed
Plucked
Struck
Experimental
Woodwind
(Sāzhāy-e Bādī)
Exposed
End-blown
Brass
Natural
Percussion
(Sāzhāy-e
Kūbeheyī/Zarbī)
Auxiliary
Afghan traditional music
Azerbaijani traditional music
Kurdish traditional music
Persian traditional music
Tajik traditional music
Categories: