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| Once Operation Red Hat commenced in 1971, the ] leased {{convert|41|acre|m2}} on Johnston. Phase I of the operation took place in January and moved 150 tons of ] munitions. Phase II moved the remainder of the chemical munitions, about 12,500 tons, in September. The ], under the command of a Captain Pilcher, was part of Operation Red Hat. | Once Operation Red Hat commenced in 1971, the ] leased {{convert|41|acre|m2}} on Johnston. Phase I of the operation took place in January and moved 150 tons of ] munitions. Phase II moved the remainder of the chemical munitions, about 12,500 tons, in September. The ], under the command of a Captain Pilcher, was part of Operation Red Hat. | ||
| Units operating under USARYIS; 2nd Logistical Command were; the 267th Chemical Company, 196th Ordnance Detachment (EOD) and the 5th Ordnance Detachment (EOD) and the 175th Ordnance Detachment. Most of the operation took place at night, to avoid observation of the operation by the Okinawans, who resented the presence of chemical munitions on the island.<ref></ref> Originally, it was planned that the munitions be moved to ] but this never happened due to public opposition and political pressure.{{ |
Units operating under USARYIS; 2nd Logistical Command were; the 267th Chemical Company, 196th Ordnance Detachment (EOD) and the 5th Ordnance Detachment (EOD) and the 175th Ordnance Detachment. Most of the operation took place at night, to avoid observation of the operation by the Okinawans, who resented the presence of chemical munitions on the island.<ref></ref> Originally, it was planned that the munitions be moved to ] but this never happened due to public opposition and political pressure.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} Instead, all munitions on Johnston island were destroyed by the first ] built since the signing of the ] by the United States. In addition ] passed legislation (PL 91-672) that prohibited the transfer of ], ], ] and other chemical munitions to all 50 U.S. states.<ref>Suzanne Marshall PhD: "Chemical Weapons Disposal and Environmental Justice", Kentucky Environmental Foundation, November, 1996 (funded by ])</ref>{{When|date=February 2011}} | ||
| ==Accident== | ==Accident== | ||
| In 1969, 23 U.S. ] and one U.S. ] stationed in Okinawa, Japan, were exposed to low levels of the nerve agent ] while repainting the military depot buildings.{{ |
In 1969, 23 U.S. ] and one U.S. ] stationed in Okinawa, Japan, were exposed to low levels of the nerve agent ] while repainting the military depot buildings.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} The weapons had been kept secret from Japan, sparking a furor in that country, an international incident and the creation of Operation Red Hat.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| {{US-mil-stub}} | {{US-mil-stub}} | ||
| {{US-Pacific-stub}} | {{US-Pacific-stub}} | ||
Revision as of 22:22, 22 February 2011
Operation Red Hat was a U.S. military action taking place in 1971, which involved the movement of chemical warfare munitions from Okinawa, Japan to Johnston Atoll in the North Pacific Ocean.
Operation
Once Operation Red Hat commenced in 1971, the Army leased 41 acres (170,000 m) on Johnston. Phase I of the operation took place in January and moved 150 tons of mustard agent munitions. Phase II moved the remainder of the chemical munitions, about 12,500 tons, in September. The USS Grapple, under the command of a Captain Pilcher, was part of Operation Red Hat.
Units operating under USARYIS; 2nd Logistical Command were; the 267th Chemical Company, 196th Ordnance Detachment (EOD) and the 5th Ordnance Detachment (EOD) and the 175th Ordnance Detachment. Most of the operation took place at night, to avoid observation of the operation by the Okinawans, who resented the presence of chemical munitions on the island. Originally, it was planned that the munitions be moved to Umatilla Chemical Depot but this never happened due to public opposition and political pressure. Instead, all munitions on Johnston island were destroyed by the first full-scale demilitarization plant built since the signing of the Chemical Weapons Convention by the United States. In addition Congress passed legislation (PL 91-672) that prohibited the transfer of nerve agent, mustard agent, agent orange and other chemical munitions to all 50 U.S. states.
Accident
In 1969, 23 U.S. servicemen and one U.S. civilian stationed in Okinawa, Japan, were exposed to low levels of the nerve agent sarin while repainting the military depot buildings. The weapons had been kept secret from Japan, sparking a furor in that country, an international incident and the creation of Operation Red Hat.
See also
References
- GlobalSecurity.org: Operation Red Hat
- Suzanne Marshall PhD: "Chemical Weapons Disposal and Environmental Justice", Kentucky Environmental Foundation, November, 1996 (funded by Educational Foundation of America)
External links
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