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| The '''Maraghar Massacre'''<ref>De Waal, Thomas, ''The Caucasus: An Introduction'', (Oxford University Press, 2010), 120.</ref> was the April 10, 1992 killing of the ethnic ] during the capture of ] by ] troops |
The '''Maraghar Massacre'''<ref>De Waal, Thomas, ''The Caucasus: An Introduction'', (Oxford University Press, 2010), 120.</ref> was the April 10, 1992 killing of the ethnic ] during the capture of ] by ] troops<ref>De Waal, Thomas, 120.</ref> during the ].<ref name="AI">Amnesty International. "." Amnesty International April 1993 (POL 10/01/93), p. 9</ref>{{dubious|date=December 2010}}<ref>{{ru icon}} " ("The Chronology of the Karabakh Conflict, 1992")." '']''. Last updated August 29, 2005. Retrieved December 20, 2010.</ref><ref>]. ''Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through War and Peace''. New York: New York University Press, 2003, pp. 176-177.</ref> | ||
| According to ]/Helsinki (HRW), in ], the organization received information that "fifty ethnic Armenians from the village of Maraga were captured by Azerbaijani forces in an attack on April 10, 1992." The Armenian source informing HRW further claimed that many of those captured people were still missing<ref>{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh |last=Human Rights Watch/Helsinki |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1994 |publisher= |location= |isbn=1564321428 |page=92 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4ipKwifQaNIC&pg=PA92 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>Brown, Cynthia G. and Farhad Karim. ''Playing the "Communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights''. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995, p. 151.</ref>. | According to ]/Helsinki (HRW), in ], the organization received information that "fifty ethnic Armenians from the village of Maraga were captured by Azerbaijani forces in an attack on April 10, 1992." The Armenian source informing HRW further claimed that many of those captured people were still missing<ref>{{cite book |title=Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh |last=Human Rights Watch/Helsinki |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1994 |publisher= |location= |isbn=1564321428 |page=92 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4ipKwifQaNIC&pg=PA92 |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>Brown, Cynthia G. and Farhad Karim. ''Playing the "Communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights''. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995, p. 151.</ref>. | ||
| ==Attack on the village== | ==Attack on the village== | ||
| According to HRW Helsinki Watch, the only eyewitness of |
According to HRW Helsinki Watch, the only eyewitness of an Azerbaijani attack on Maraga<ref>De Waal, Thomas]]. ''Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through War and Peace''. New York: New York University Press, 2003, pp. 176-177.</ref> available to them was the Armenian person who participated in village's self-defense and military activities that day<ref name="hrw92">{{cite book |title=Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh |last=Denber |first=Rachel |authorlink= |coauthors=Goldman, Robert K. |year=1992 |publisher= |location= |isbn=1564320812 |page=29 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ywAU3VomIpkC&pg=PA29 |accessdate=}}</ref>. Based on his account, prior to Azerbaijani capture, most of village inhabitants left Maraga after hearing that Armenian self-defense will be unable to hold their posts<ref name="hrw92" />. Those who remained were captured as hostages or murdered in the attack based on what this eyewitness heard from people who had escaped<ref name="hrw92" />. | ||
| On the following day, Armenian forces retook the village, and this Armenian witness told HRW that in one of the basements, he found bodies of 43 civilians who were killed allegedly during Azerbaijani attack<ref name="hrw92" />. Amnesty International cited some unofficial sources claiming that 45 civilians were reportedly killed on April 10 by Azerbaijani forces<ref name="ai93">{{cite web |url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/DOC32/004/1994/en/f8245bdf-ebf5-11dd-9b3b-8bf635492364/doc320041994en.pdf |title=Country Dossier List: Europe |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=1 April 1993 |work= |publisher=Amnesty International |accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref> | On the following day, Armenian forces retook the village, and this Armenian witness told HRW that in one of the basements, he found bodies of 43 civilians who were killed allegedly during Azerbaijani attack<ref name="hrw92" />. Amnesty International cited some unofficial sources claiming that 45 civilians were reportedly killed on April 10 by Azerbaijani forces<ref name="ai93">{{cite web |url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/DOC32/004/1994/en/f8245bdf-ebf5-11dd-9b3b-8bf635492364/doc320041994en.pdf |title=Country Dossier List: Europe |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=1 April 1993 |work= |publisher=Amnesty International |accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 18:43, 21 December 2010
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The Maraghar Massacre was the April 10, 1992 killing of the ethnic Armenians during the capture of Maraga by Azerbaijani troops during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
According to Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (HRW), in 1992, the organization received information that "fifty ethnic Armenians from the village of Maraga were captured by Azerbaijani forces in an attack on April 10, 1992." The Armenian source informing HRW further claimed that many of those captured people were still missing.
Attack on the village
According to HRW Helsinki Watch, the only eyewitness of an Azerbaijani attack on Maraga available to them was the Armenian person who participated in village's self-defense and military activities that day. Based on his account, prior to Azerbaijani capture, most of village inhabitants left Maraga after hearing that Armenian self-defense will be unable to hold their posts. Those who remained were captured as hostages or murdered in the attack based on what this eyewitness heard from people who had escaped.
On the following day, Armenian forces retook the village, and this Armenian witness told HRW that in one of the basements, he found bodies of 43 civilians who were killed allegedly during Azerbaijani attack. Amnesty International cited some unofficial sources claiming that 45 civilians were reportedly killed on April 10 by Azerbaijani forces
According to Gevorg Petrossian, Chairman of the Parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh, 53 civilians were killed as a result of attack on Maraga. HRW asserts, however, that it is unclear whether those reported killed were civilians or self-defense fighters, and most likely, the statistic included 43 victims claimed to have been allegedly executed by Azerbaijani forces.
Monte Melkonian, the ASALA member and Armenian military commander in the Nagorno-Karabakh War, commented in his diary that the attack on Maraga was staged by Azerbaijani forces in retaliation to Khojaly Massacre
Opinion of Baroness Cox
Baroness Caroline Cox, who personally observed the damage and interviewed eyewitnesses, states that after Azerbaijani forces attacked the Armenian town of Maragha, they decapitated about forty five villagers, burned and looted much of the town, and kidnapped about one hundred women and children. A more detailed report of her and Christian Solidarity Worldwide findings was published in 1993:
Maraghar: the name of this village is associated with a massacre which never reached the world’s headlines, although at least 45 Armenians died cruel deaths. During the CSI mission to Nagorno Karabakh in April, news came through that a village in the north, in Martakert region, had been overrun by Azeri-Turks on April 10 and there had been a number of civilians killed. A group went to obtain evidence and found a village with survivors in a state of shock, their burn-out homes still smoldering, charred remains of corpses and vertebrae still on the ground, where people had their heads sawn off, and their bodies burnt in front of their families. 45 people had been massacred and 100 were missing, possibly suffering a fate worse than death. In order to verify the stories, the delegation asked the villagers if they would exhume the bodies which they had already buried. In great anguish, they did so, allowing photographs to be taken of the decapitated, charred bodies. Later when asked about publicizing the tragedy, they replied they were reluctant to do so as 'we Armenians are not very good at showing our grief to the world.'
See also
References
- De Waal, Thomas, The Caucasus: An Introduction, (Oxford University Press, 2010), 120.
- De Waal, Thomas, 120.
- Amnesty International. "Azerbaydzhan: Hostages in the Karabakh conflict: Civilians Continue to Pay the Price." Amnesty International April 1993 (POL 10/01/93), p. 9
- Template:Ru icon "Хронология Карабахского конфликта, 1992 год ("The Chronology of the Karabakh Conflict, 1992")." BBC Russian. Last updated August 29, 2005. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- De Waal, Thomas. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through War and Peace. New York: New York University Press, 2003, pp. 176-177.
- Human Rights Watch/Helsinki (1994). Azerbaijan: Seven years of conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. p. 92. ISBN 1564321428.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Brown, Cynthia G. and Farhad Karim. Playing the "Communal Card": Communal Violence and Human Rights. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995, p. 151.
- De Waal, Thomas]]. Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through War and Peace. New York: New York University Press, 2003, pp. 176-177.
- ^ Denber, Rachel (1992). Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. p. 29. ISBN 1564320812.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - "Country Dossier List: Europe" (PDF). Amnesty International. 1 April 1993. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
- Melkonian, Markar (2005). My Brother’s Road: An American’s Fateful Journey to Armenia. I.B.Tauris. pp. 213–214. ISBN 1850436355.
Khojalu had been a strategic goal, but it had also been an act of revenge. Monte knew that enemy fighters would retaliate in kind, and sure enough, when Azeri forces overran the Armenian village of Maragha the next month, they slashed and burned Armenian captives.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Cox, Caroline. "Survivors of the Maraghar Massacre." Christianity Today. April 27, 1998. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- Cox, Caroline and John Eibner. Ethnic Cleansing in Progress: War in Nagorno Karabakh. Zurich and Washington D.C.: Institute for Religious Minorities in the Islamic World, 1993
External links
- Maragha.org
- Marghar.nk
- Photographs of the Maraghar Massacre – Warning: Graphic Content
- Christianity Today Article
- Ethnic cleansing in Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
- UK House of Commons report
- Survivors of Maraghar massacre: It was truly like a contemporary Golgotha many times over
- Interview with Caroline Cox on YouTube
