| Revision as of 23:42, 24 December 2010 view sourceKhirurg (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers31,687 editsm →Distribution: per infobox← Previous edit | Revision as of 09:44, 25 December 2010 view source Rnbrnrpop (talk | contribs)2 edits ←Replaced content with 'Nolessor's sixth album ''Am I coll now'' -Aren't you sorry -Do more think less -Don't be a fool -Empty hallway -S.I.C.K. -Dry -Mama's boy -Back'Tag: blankingNext edit → | ||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| Nolessor's sixth album ''Am I coll now'' | |||
| {{About|Albanians as an ethnic group|demographic information|Demographics of Albania}} | |||
| {{Infobox Ethnic group | |||
| -Aren't you sorry | |||
| |group = Albanians<br/>Shqiptarët | |||
| -Do more think less | |||
| |flag = | |||
| -Don't be a fool | |||
| |image = ] | |||
| -Empty hallway | |||
| |caption = <div style="background:#fee8ab; padding:5px;">{{nowrap|] • ] • ] • ]}}<br/>{{nowrap|] • ] • ] • ]}}<br/>{{nowrap|] • ] • ] • ]}}</div> | |||
| -S.I.C.K. | |||
| |pop = approx. '''7.8-7.9 Million''' | |||
| -Dry | |||
| |popplace = {{flagicon|Albania}}''']''' '''approx. 3,115,000 (est.)''' | |||
| -Mama's boy | |||
| |region1 = '''Balkans:''' | |||
| -Back | |||
| |pop1 = '''6 Million''' | |||
| |ref1 = | |||
| |region2 = {{flag|Kosovo}} | |||
| |pop2 = 1,587,000 | |||
| |ref2 = {{lower|<ref>See {{sh icon}} <!-- {{Dead link|date=July 2009}} -->, Kosovo’s population estimates range from 1.9 to 2.4 million. The last two population census conducted in 1981 and 1991 estimated Kosovo’s population at 1.6 and 1.9 million respectively, but the 1991 census probably under-counted Albanians. The latest estimate in 2001 by OSCE puts the number at 2.4 Million. The World Factbook gives an estimate of 1,804,838 persons living in Kosovo for the year 2009, 88% of them are Albanians. (see {{CIA World Factbook link|kv|Kosovo}}).</ref>}} | |||
| |region3 = {{flag|Turkey}} | |||
| |pop3 = 500,000 {{smallsup|1}} | |||
| |ref3 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=SonDakika&Kategori=yasam&ArticleID=873452&Date=07.06.2008&ver=16|title=Türkiye'deki Kürtlerin sayısı!|date=6 June 2008|accessdate=17 August 2010|language=Turkish}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region4 = {{flag|Macedonia}} | |||
| |pop4 = 506,083 | |||
| |ref4 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/kniga_13.pdf |title=2002 Macedonian Census |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region5 = {{flag|Greece}} | |||
| |pop5 = 274,390 - 600,000 | |||
| |ref5 = {{lower|<ref> Critical Review and Policy Recommendations. Anna Triandafyllidou. Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP). Data taken from Greek ministry of Interiors. p. 5 "the total number of Albanian citizens residing in Greece, including 185,000 co-ethnics holding special identity cards"</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demobalk.org/conferences/fr/BUDVA_10_5-2010/S_2/Gialis_S2.pdf|title=Spatial demography of the Balkans: trends and challenges|last=Gialis|first=Gialis|publisher=IVth International Conference of Balkans Demography|pages=4|accessdate=4 November 2010}}, {{cite web|url=http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/citmodes/files/NATACCh10.pdf |title=The status of quasi-citizenship in EU member states: Why some states have "almost-citizens"|last=Kees |first=Groenendijk |publisher=]|pages=415–416|accessdate=4 November 2010}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region6 = {{flag|Serbia}} | |||
| |pop6 = 61,647 | |||
| |ref6 = {{lower|<ref name="popis2002">{{Sr icon}} {{PDFlink||441 KB}}, pp. 12-13</ref>}} | |||
| |region7 = {{flag|Montenegro}} | |||
| |pop7 = 33,600 | |||
| |ref7 = {{lower|<ref></ref>}} | |||
| |region8 = {{flag|Croatia}} | |||
| |pop8 = 15,082 | |||
| |ref8 = | |||
| |region9 = {{flag|Romania}} | |||
| |pop9 = 10,000 | |||
| |ref9 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.divers.ro/albanezi_date_demografice_ro|title=Date demografice|accessdate=18 August 2010|language=Romanian}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region10 = {{flag|Slovenia}} | |||
| |pop10 = 6,186 | |||
| |ref10 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/rezultati/rezultati_red.asp?ter=SLO&st=7 |title=Population by ethnic affiliation in Slovenia |publisher=Stat.si |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region11 = '''Rest of Europe:''' | |||
| |pop11 = '''1,426,788+''' | |||
| |ref11 = | |||
| |region12 = {{flag|Italy}} | |||
| |pop12 = 700,000 | |||
| |ref12 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/salastampa/comunicati/non_calendario/20090226_00/testo_integrale_20090226.pdf |title=Microsoft Word - pippo.doc |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=aae |title=Ethnologue |publisher=Ethnologue |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region13 = {{flag|Germany}} | |||
| |pop13 = 320,000 {{smallsup|2}} | |||
| |ref13 = | |||
| |region14 = {{flag|Switzerland}} | |||
| |pop14 = 200,000 | |||
| |ref14 = {{lower|<ref name="albsuisse">{{cite web|url=http://www.schweiz-albanien.ch/fileadmin/Dokumente/Informationen/090808_albsuissealbanerch.pdf |title=Die Albaner in der Schweiz: Geschichtliches – Albaner in der Schweiz seit 1431 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref><ref name="albsuisse2">{{cite web|url=http://www.infowilplus.ch/_iu_write/artikel/2007/KW_21/Region/Artikel_8116/ |title=Im Namen aller Albaner eine Moschee? |publisher=Infowilplus.ch |date=2007-05-25 |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref> }} | |||
| |region15 = {{flag|Netherlands}} | |||
| |pop15 = 8,500 | |||
| |ref15 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.nl/nl-NL/menu/themas/bevolking/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2008/2008-2411-wm.htm |title=CBS - 8,5 duizend Kosovaren in Nederland - Webmagazine |publisher=Cbs.nl |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref> | |||
| |region16 = {{flag|Sweden}} | |||
| |pop16 = 60,000 | |||
| |ref16 = | |||
| |region17 = {{flag|United Kingdom}} | |||
| |pop17 = 30,000 | |||
| |ref17 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/albanians-taking-over-london-vice-605315.html |title=Total Population of Albanians in the United Kingdom |publisher=Independent.co.uk |date=2002-11-25 |accessdate=2010-09-22 | location=London | first=Jason | last=Bennetto}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region18 = {{flag|Norway}} | |||
| |pop18 = 10,000 | |||
| |ref18 = | |||
| |region19 = {{flag|Denmark}} | |||
| |pop19 = 8,000 | |||
| |ref19 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dst.dk |title=National statistics of Denmark |publisher=Dst.dk |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region20 = {{flag|Ukraine}} | |||
| |pop20 = 5,000 | |||
| |ref20 = {{lower|<ref>Olson, James S., An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994) p. 28-29</ref>}} | |||
| |region21 = {{flag|Belgium}} | |||
| |pop21 = 2,788 | |||
| |ref21 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/modules/publications/statistiques/bevolking/Bevolking_nat_geslacht_leeftijdsgroepen.jsp |title=Official Belgian Population Statistics |language={{nl icon}} |publisher=Statbel.fgov.be |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region22 = '''Northern America:''' | |||
| |pop22 = '''217,553+''' | |||
| |ref22 = | |||
| |region23 = {{flag|United States}} | |||
| |pop23 = 201,118 | |||
| |ref23 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=D&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G2000_B04003&-tree_id=403&-redoLog=false&-all_geo_types=N&-geo_id=D&-search_results=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en&-SubjectID=14595646 |title=US Census Bureau |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref>}} | |||
| |region24 = {{flag|Canada}} | |||
| |pop24 = 16,435 | |||
| |ref24 = {{lower|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/census06/data/topics/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?ALEVEL=3&APATH=3&CATNO=97-562-XCB2006015&DETAIL=0&DIM=&DS=99&FL=0&FREE=0&GAL=&GC=99&GK=NA&GRP=0&IPS=97-562-XCB2006015&METH=0&ORDER=&PID=92341&PTYPE=88971&RL=0&S=1&ShowAll=&StartRow=&SUB=&Temporal=2006&Theme=80&VID=&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF= |title=Canadian Census of 2006 |publisher=2.statcan.gc.ca |date=2008-06-10 |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref>}} | |||
| |languages = ] (], ], ], ], ]) | |||
| |religions = Albanians are predominantly ]. In Albania there is a significant ] minority with some professing non-religious . | |||
| |related= ] <ref>http://www.zemrashqiptare.net/article/english/10194/</ref> | |||
| |footnotes = {{smallsup|1}} Albanians are not recognized as a minority in Turkey. However approximately 500,000 people are reported to profess an Albanian identity. A more accurate number is hard to obtain, as most of Albanians living in Turkey do not speak Albanian, and some of them have only partial Albanian ancestry. | |||
| <br/> | |||
| {{smallsup|2}} The total number of Albanian immigrants is obscure due to difficulties with identifying them as Albanians from Kosovo or Albania, and because some of them are illegal.<ref name="janes">{{dead link|date=September 2010}}</ref> | |||
| }} | |||
| {{Albanians}} | |||
| '''Albanians''' ({{lang-sq|Shqiptarët}}) are a nation and ] from southeast Europe who live in ], ] and neighboring countries. They speak the ]. Less than half of all Albanians live in ], with other large groups residing in ]{{ref label|status|a|}}, ], the ], ], ], ], and ]. The ] also exists in a number of other countries. | |||
| ==Ethnonym== | |||
| {{See|Albania (toponym)}} | |||
| {{See|Shqiptar}} | |||
| While the exonym ''Albania'' for the general region inhabited by the Albanians does hark back to Classical Antiquity, and possibly to an ], the name was lost within the Albanian language, the Albanian endonym being ''shqiptar'', from the term for the Albanian language, ''shqip'', a derivation of the verb ''shqiptoj'' "to speak clearly". This theory pertains to Hahn and it holds that perhaps the word is ultimately a loan from Latin ''excipio''.<ref>Robert Elsie, ''A dictionary of Albanian religion, mythology and folk culture'', C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2001, ISBN 9781850655701, p. 79.</ref> Thus, the Albanian endonym, like '']'' ], is in origin a term for "those who speak ". However another plausible theory has been advanced by Maximilian Lambertz to explain the endonym as derived from the Albanian noun ''shqype'' or ''shqiponjë'' (eagle), which, according to Albanian ], denoted a bird ] dating from the times of ], as displayed on the ].<ref name="ej2-s">{{ cite encyclopedia | title=ALBANCI | encyclopedia =] 2nd ed. | volume=Supplement | pages=1 | publisher=] | location=] | year=1984 }}</ref> | |||
| In the 2nd century AD, ], the geographer and astronomer from ], drafted a map that shows the city of ] (],"''Ἀλβανόπολις''")<ref>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854)William Smith, LLD, Ed.,Ptolemy is the earliest writer in whose works the name of the Albanians has been distinctly recognised. He mentions (3.13.23) a tribe called ALBANI (Ἀλβανοί) and a town ALBANOPOLIS (Ἀλβανόπολις), in the region lying to the E. of the Ionian sea; and from the names of places with which Albanopolis is connected, it appears clearly to have been in the S. part of the Illyrian territory, and in modern Albania. There are no means of forming a conjecture how the name of this obscure tribe came to be extended to so considerable a nation.</ref> (located Northeast of ]). Ptolemy also mentions the Illyrian tribe named ''Albanoi'', who lived around this city. | |||
| In ''History'' written in 1079–1080, the Byzantine historian ] referred to the ''Albanoi'' as having taken part in a revolt against ] in 1043 and to the ''Arbanitai'' as subjects of the duke of ]. It is disputed, however, whether that refers to Albanians in an ethnic sense.<ref name="oxbyz">{{cite encyclopedia | last=Pritsak | first=Omeljan | title=Albanians | encyclopedia=] | volume=1 | pages=52–53 | publisher=] | location=New York/Oxford | year=1991 }}</ref> The first reference to the Albanian language dates to the later 13th century (around 1285).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/87039/Earlies-Reference-to-the-Existance-of-the-Albanian-Language |title=Robert Elsie, ''The earliest reference to the existence of the Albanian Language'' |publisher=Scribd.com |date=2007-05-28 |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref> | |||
| The Albanians are and have been referred to by other terms as well. Some of them are: | |||
| *], ], ]; the old native term denoting ancient and medieval Albanians and sharing the same root with the latter. At the time the country was called Arbër (]: Arbën) and Arbëria (]: Arbënia). This term is still used for the Albanians that migrated to Italy during the Middle Ages. | |||
| *] (ارناود); old term used mainly from Turks and by extension by European authors during the Ottoman Empire. A derivate of the Turkish ''Arvanid'' (اروانيد), which derives from the Greek ''Arvanites''. | |||
| *]s; the historical rendering of the ethnonym ''Shqiptar'' (or ''Shqyptar'' by French, Austrian and German authors) in use from the 18th century (but probably earlier) to the present, the literal translation of which is ''subject of the eagle''. The term ''Šiptari'' is a derivation used by Yugoslavs which the Albanians consider derogatory, preferring ''Albanci'' instead. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| {{See|Origin of the Albanians|History of Albania|History of Kosovo}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ===Albanians in the Middle Ages=== | |||
| What is possibly the earliest written reference to the Albanians is that to be found in an old Bulgarian text compiled around the beginning of the eleventh century.<ref>R. Elsie: Early Albania, a Reader of Historical Texts, 11th - 17th Centuries, Wiesbaden 2003, p. 3</ref> It was discovered in a Serbian manuscript dated 1628 and was first published in 1934 by Radoslav Grujic. This fragment of a legend from the time of ] endeavours, in a catechismal 'question and answer' form, to explain the origins of peoples and languages. It divides the world into seventy-two languages and three religious categories: Orthodox, half-believers (i.e. non-Orthodox Christians) and non-believers. The Albanians find their place among the nations of half-believers. If we accept the dating of Grujic, which is based primarily upon the contents of the text as a whole, this would be the earliest written document referring to the Albanians as a people or language group.<ref>Extract from: ''Grujic, Radoslav'': Legenda iz vremena Cara Samuila o poreklu naroda. in: Glasnik skopskog naucnog drustva, Skopje, 13 (1934), p. 198 200. Translated from the Old Church Slavonic by Robert Elsie. First published in R. Elsie: Early Albania, a Reader of Historical Texts, 11th - 17th Centuries, Wiesbaden 2003, p. 3.'' </ref> | |||
| <blockquote> | |||
| ''It can be seen that there are various languages on earth. Of them, there are five Orthodox languages: Bulgarian, Greek, Syrian, Iberian (Georgian) and Russian. Three of these have Orthodox alphabets: Greek, Bulgarian and Iberian. There are twelve languages of half-believers: Alamanians, Franks, Magyars (Hungarians), Indians, Jacobites, Armenians, Saxons, Lechs (Poles), '''Arbanasi''' (Albanians), Croatians, Hizi, Germans.'' | |||
| </blockquote> | |||
| The first undisputed mention of Albanians in the historical record is attested in Byzantine source for the first time in 1079-1080, in a work titled ''History'' by Byzantine historian ], who referred to the ''Albanoi'' as having taken part in a revolt against ] in 1043 and to the ''Arbanitai'' as subjects of the duke of ]. It is disputed, however, whether the "Albanoi" of the events of 1043 refers to Albanians in an ethnic sense or whether "Albanoi" is a reference to ] from ] under an archaic name (there was also tribe of Italy by the name of "Albanoi").<ref>The wars of the Balkan Peninsula: their medieval origins G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series Authors Alexandru Madgearu, Martin Gordon Editor Martin Gordon Translated by Alexandru Madgearu Edition illustrated Publisher Scarecrow Press, 2008 ISBN 0810858460, 9780810858466 '', p. 25</ref> However a later reference to Albanians from the same Attaliates, regarding the participation of Albanians in a rebellion ingr 1078, is undisputed.<ref>The wars of the Balkan Peninsula: their medieval origins G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series Authors Alexandru Madgearu, Martin Gordon Editor Martin Gordon Translated by Alexandru Madgearu Edition illustrated Publisher Scarecrow Press, 2008 ISBN 0810858460, 9780810858466 ''It was supposed that those Albanoi from 1042 were Normans from Sicily, called by an archaic name (the Albanoi were an independent tribe from Southern Italy). The following instance is indisputable. It comes from the same Attaliates, who wrote that the Albanians (Arbanitai) were involved in the 1078 rebellion of...'' p. 25</ref> At this point, they are already fully Christianized, although ] and folklore are part of the ] pagan mythology<ref name="Bonnefoy1993">{{cite book|last=Bonnefoy|first=Yves|title=American, African, and Old European mythologies|url=http://books.google.gr/books?id=GYjc5POwJjAC&pg=PA253&dq=Although+Albanian+mythology+has+not+yet+been+the+subject+of+a+monograph&hl=en&ei=QBwVTdPyGYOh8QPZ3rWFBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDEQ6AEwBA#v=snippet&q=Although%20Albanian%20mythology%20has%20not%20yet%20been%20the%20subject%20of%20a%20monograph%2C%20it%20has%20been%20treated%20in%20many%20essays%20and%20articles%20on%20linguistics%2C%20folklore%2C%20and%20ethnology.%20This%20mythology%20can%20be%20considered%20part%20of%20the%20of%20the%20Balkan%20pagan%20tradition&f=false|accessdate=24 December 2010|date=1993-05-15|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=9780226064574|page=253}}</ref>, in particular showing Greek influence.<ref>], Charles J. Adams, , Macmillan, 1987, ISBN 9780029097007, p. 179.</ref> | |||
| Regarding the classification of the ], it forms a separate branch of Indo-European, belonging to the ]<ref>'']''</ref> group, and its late attestation, the first records dating to the 15th century, makes it difficult for ] to make confident statements on its genesis.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010} | |||
| ===Albanians under the Ottoman Empire=== | |||
| The ] supremacy in the ] region began in 1385 with the ] but was briefly interrupted in the 15th century, when ], an Albanian warrior known as ], allied with some Albanian chiefs, formed the ] and fought-off Turkish rule from 1443–1478 (although Kastrioti died in 1468). Kastrioti's strongholds included ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
| Upon the Ottomans' return, a large number of Albanians fled to Italy, Greece and ] and maintained their ] identity. | |||
| ===Albanian national awakening=== | |||
| {{See|Albanian national awakening}} | |||
| By the 1870s, the ]'s reforms aimed at checking the Ottoman Empire's disintegration had clearly failed. The image of the "Turkish yoke" had become fixed in the nationalist mythologies and psyches of the empire's Balkan peoples, and their march toward independence quickened. The Albanians, because of the higher degree of Islamic influence, their internal social divisions, and the fear that they would lose their Albanian-populated lands to the emerging Balkan states—], ], ], and ]—were the last of the Balkan peoples to desire division from the Ottoman Empire.<ref name="Birth of Albania">{{cite web | author= Raymond Zickel and Walter R. Iwaskiw, editors. date= 1994 | title= National Awakening and the Birth of Albania, mut.us/albania/index.htm | accessdate=9 April 2008 }}</ref> | |||
| ==Distribution== | |||
| ===Balkans=== | |||
| Approximately 6 million Albanians are to be found within the Balkan peninsula{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} with only about half this number residing in Albania and the other divided between ], ], the ], ] and to a much smaller extent ], ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
| ====Albania==== | |||
| {{Main|Demographics of Albania}} | |||
| ] has an estimated 3.2 million inhabitants,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.instat.gov.al/|title=Population as of 1 January 2010 (Popullsia më 1 Janar 2010)|publisher=Republic of Albania Institute of Statistics|accessdate=2010-09-07}}</ref> of which Albanians amounting to 98.6% of the country's total population, making Albania one of the ethnically most homogenous states of Europe{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}. | |||
| ====Former Yugoslavia==== | |||
| {{Main|Albanians in Kosovo|Albanians in Central Serbia|Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia|Albanians in Montenegro}} | |||
| An estimated 2.5 million Albanians live in the territory of ], the greater part (close to two million) in ]{{ref label|status|a|}}. | |||
| Rights to use the ] in education and government were given and guaranteed by the 1974 Constitution of ] and were widely utilized in Macedonia and in Montenegro before the ].<ref> By Howard Clark, pg. 12</ref> | |||
| ====Greece==== | |||
| {{Main|Albanians in Greece}} | |||
| ] | |||
| Due to different waves of migration, Albanians and groups of Albanian descent are generally divided into three distinct groups. | |||
| The first group is that of ] and ], who retain a distinct ethnic identity, but self-identify nationally as Greeks. The ] are descended from Tosk Albanians that migrated to Greece during the Middle Ages. They are Greek Orthodox Christians, and though they traditionally speak a dialect of Tosk Albanian known as ], they have fully assimilated into the Greek nation and do not identify with the modern Albanian nation. They reportedly resent the designation "Albanians".<ref>GHM (1995).</ref> ] is in a state of attrition due to ] towards Greek and large-scale internal migration to the cities and subsequent intermingling of the population during the 20th century. | |||
| The second group is that of the ] and their descendants, in ], in northwestern Greece. ] Chams were ] from Epirus during ], by an ], as a result of their participation in a ] and the ] with the ]. | |||
| Alongside these two indigenous groups, about 10 percent of the population of Albania entered Greece after the fall of Communism, forming the ] in Greece, the largest single expatriate group in the country today and the country's largest population group after the ethnic ] majority. Their numbers are thought to range between 200,000 and 500,000.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} | |||
| ===Diaspora=== | |||
| {{Main|Albanian diaspora}} | |||
| {{Citations missing|section|date=November 2009}} | |||
| The largest Albanian diasporic communities outside of the Balkans are found in ] (about 1.3 million, 13% of Albanians, 1.7% of host population), ] (260,000), the ] (201,118; 0.09% of the total US population), ] (320,000; about 2.5% of the total Swiss population), and ] (over 300,000). | |||
| ====Europe==== | |||
| {{See|Albanians in Germany|Albanians in Italy|Albanians in Sweden|Albanians in Switzerland}} | |||
| Approximately 3 million are dispersed throughout the rest of Europe, most of these in the United Kingdom, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria and France. | |||
| Italy has a historical Albanian minority known as the ] which are scattered across ], but the majority of Italo-Albanians have arrived since 1991 to surpass that of the older populations of Arbëreshë. | |||
| ====Turkey==== | |||
| According to a 2008 report prepared for the National Security Council of Turkey by academics of three Turkish universities in eastern Anatolia, there were approximately 1,300,000 people of Albanian descent living in Turkey.<ref>Milliyet, Türkiyedeki Kürtlerin Sayısı. 2008-06-06.</ref> A part of these people have assimilated to the culture of Turkey, and consider themselves more Turkish than Albanian. Nonetheless, more than 500,000 families of Albanian descents still recognize their ancestry like their languages, culture and traditions. | |||
| ====Americas==== | |||
| {{See|Albanian Americans}} | |||
| According to data from the 2008 Census of the United States Government, there are 201,118 Americans of full or partial Albanian descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-context=dt&-ds_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G00_&-_geoSkip=0&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=ACS_2008_1YR_G2000_C04003&-tree_id=403&-_skip=0&-redoLog=false&-all_geo_types=N&-geo_id=01000US&-search_results=01000US&-_showChild=Y&-format=&-_lang=en&-_toggle=ACS_2008_1YR_G2000_C04003&-SubjectID=14595646,|title=TOTAL ANCESTRY CATEGORIES TALLIED FOR PEOPLE WITH ONE OR MORE ANCESTRY CATEGORIES REPORTED|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2010-08-17}}</ref> | |||
| ====Asia and Oceania==== | |||
| In ] and ] 22,000 in total. Albanians are also known to reside in China, India, Iran, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan and Singapore, but the numbers are generally small. 200,000 in all these countries. Albanians have been present in ] countries such as Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria for about 5 centuries as a legacy of ]ish rule. | |||
| ====Africa==== | |||
| In ] there are 18,000 Albanians, mostly Tosk speakers. Many are descendants of the soldiers of ], founder of modern Egypt. A large part of the former nobility of Egypt was Albanian in origin. A small community also resides in ]. | |||
| ==Language== | |||
| {{Main|Albanian language}} | |||
| The Albanian language forms a separate branch of ] languages family tree. A traditional view links the origin of Albanian with Illyrian, though this theory is broadly contested and challenged.<ref>Hans Henrich Hock, Brian D. Joseph: , pp. 54</ref> | |||
| Unattested prior to the second half of the 15th century, the Albanian language is one of the youngest languages of Europe in terms of ]. | |||
| Albanian in a revised form of the ] dialect is the ] of ] and ]{{ref label|status|a|}}; and is official in the municipalities where there are more than 20% ethnic Albanian inhabitants in the ]. It is also an official language of ] where it is spoken in the municipalities with ethnic Albanian populations. | |||
| ==Religion== | |||
| {{See also|Religion in Albania|Islam in Albania|Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania|Catholicism in Albania}} | |||
| The Albanians first appear in the historical record in ] sources of the late 11th century.<ref>Comnena, Anna. The Alexiad, Book IV.</ref> At this point, they were already fully Christianized. Christianity was later overtaken by ], which kept the scepter of the major religion during the period of ] Turkish rule from the 15th century until year 1912. ] and ] continued to be practiced with less frequency. | |||
| During the 20th century the ] and later the ] followed a systematic ] of the nation and the national culture. This policy was chiefly applied within the borders of the current Albanian state. It produced a secular majority in the population. All forms of ], ] and other religious practices were prohibited except for old non-institutional ] practices in the rural areas, which were seen as identifying with the national culture. The current Albanian state has revived some pagan festivals, such as the lunar ] festival ({{lang-sq|Dita e Verës}}) held yearly on March 14 in the city of ]. It is a national holiday. | |||
| A recent ] demographic study put the percentage of ]s in Albania at 79.9%.<ref>{{Citation | editor-last = Miller | editor-first = Tracy | month = October | year = 2009 | publisher = ] | title = Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population | format = PDF | url=http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf | accessdate = 2009-10-08 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Most of the Muslims in Albania are ]s and ]<ref>. ''The World Factbook''.</ref><ref>. ].</ref> There are also ], predominantly in Southern Albania, bordering ], and ] is the main religion among those Albanians living predominantly in northern Albania, bordering the ]. After 1992 an influx of foreign missionaries has brought more religious diversity with groups such as ], ], ], ], a variety of ] denominations and others. This rich blend of religions has however rarely caused religious strife. People of different religions freely intermarry. For part of its history, Albania has also had a Jewish community. Some of the members of the Jewish community were saved by a group of Albanians during the Nazi occupation.<ref>". "The Jews of Albania". California: Brunswick Press, 1997. Retrieved on 29 January 2007.</ref> Many left for Israel circa 1990-1992 after borders were open due to fall of communist regime in Albania, while in modern times about 200 Albanian Jews still live in Albania. | |||
| ==Culture== | |||
| {{See|Culture of Albania|Albanian folklore|Albanian literature}} | |||
| ] displays a variety of influences. Albanian folk music traditions differ by region, with major stylistic differences between the traditional music of the ] in the north and ] in the south. Modern popular music has developed around the centers of ], ] and ]. Since the 1920s, some composers such as ] have also produced works of Albanian ]. | |||
| ==Notable Albanians== | |||
| {{main|List of Albanians}} | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==Gallery== | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| File:Albanians in Europe.jpg|Albanians in Europe. | |||
| File:Presence of Albanians in "Greater Albania".png|Albanians in neighboring countries | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *'']'' | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == Notes == | |||
| === Footnotes === | |||
| {| class="references-small" style="margin-left:13px; line-height:150%" | |||
| |- | |||
| | style="text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"|a. | |||
| |{{note|status}}{{Kosovo-note}} | |||
| |} | |||
| === Citations === | |||
| {{Reflist|2}} | |||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| *]. '''' (1905) | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| * ] Report, November 2001 | |||
| * ''(scribd.com)'' Reference of books (and some journal articles) about Albania and the Albanian people; their history, language, origin, culture, literature, etc. Public domain books, fully accessible online. | |||
| {{Ethnic Albanians}} | |||
| {{Ethnic groups in Albania}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 09:44, 25 December 2010
Nolessor's sixth album Am I coll now
-Aren't you sorry -Do more think less -Don't be a fool -Empty hallway -S.I.C.K. -Dry -Mama's boy -Back