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| '''Trace amines''' are ] compounds structurally related to classical ]s, such as ], ] and ]. Trace amines include ], ], ], ], and ], and are found in the nervous systems of animals from insects to mammals. Trace amines can also include the ] ] ], such as ] <ref>Barker SA, Monti JA and Christian ST (1981). ''N,N''-Dimethyltryptamine: An endogenous hallucinogen. In International Review of Neurobiology, vol 22, pp. 83-110; Academic Press, Inc.</ref>. | '''Trace amines''' are ] compounds structurally related to classical ]s, such as ], ] and ]. Trace amines include ], ], ], ], and ], and are found in the nervous systems of animals from insects to mammals. Trace amines can also include the ] ] ], such as ] <ref>Barker SA, Monti JA and Christian ST (1981). ''N,N''-Dimethyltryptamine: An endogenous hallucinogen. In International Review of Neurobiology, vol 22, pp. 83-110; Academic Press, Inc.</ref>. | ||
| The above-mentioned trace amines are ] agonists. In the brain, they have varying affinities for ], a key ] regulating ] systems. Each ligand has a different potency, measured in ] (cAMP) production after the binding event. The currently accepted rank order of trace amine ligand affinity for brain human TAAR1 is as follows: p-tyramine>B-PEA>octopamine>m-tyramine>tryptamine>].<ref name="Zucchi"/> <ref>{{cite pmid|11459929}}</ref> <ref name="Bunzow">{{cite pmid|11723224}}</ref> The ] values for cAMP production caused by p-tyramine and ''B''-PEA binding events are 214 and 324 nM, respectively.<ref name="Bunzow"/> | The above-mentioned trace amines are ] agonists. In the brain, they have varying affinities for ], a key ] regulating ] systems. Each ligand has a different potency, measured in ] (cAMP) production after the binding event. The currently accepted rank order of trace amine ligand affinity for brain human TAAR1 is as follows: p-tyramine>B-PEA>octopamine>m-tyramine>tryptamine>].<ref name="Zucchi">{{cite pmid|17088868}}</ref> <ref>{{cite pmid|11459929}}</ref> <ref name="Bunzow">{{cite pmid|11723224}}</ref> The ] values for cAMP production caused by p-tyramine and ''B''-PEA binding events are 214 and 324 nM, respectively.<ref name="Bunzow"/> | ||
| Trace amines overlap substantially with classical biogenic amines ]s regarding to chemical properties, synthesis, and breakdown; trace amines commonly colocalize in neurons with these neurotransmitters. | Trace amines overlap substantially with classical biogenic amines ]s regarding to chemical properties, synthesis, and breakdown; trace amines commonly colocalize in neurons with these neurotransmitters. | ||
Revision as of 04:06, 3 December 2011
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Trace amines are endogenous compounds structurally related to classical biogenic amines, such as catecholamines, serotonin and histamine. Trace amines include p-tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, tryptamine, octopamine, and 3-iodothyronamine, and are found in the nervous systems of animals from insects to mammals. Trace amines can also include the endogenous psychedelic tryptamines, such as DMT .
The above-mentioned trace amines are trace amine-associated receptor agonists. In the brain, they have varying affinities for TAAR1, a key G protein-coupled receptor regulating monoaminergic systems. Each ligand has a different potency, measured in cyclic AMP (cAMP) production after the binding event. The currently accepted rank order of trace amine ligand affinity for brain human TAAR1 is as follows: p-tyramine>B-PEA>octopamine>m-tyramine>tryptamine>histamine. The EC50 values for cAMP production caused by p-tyramine and B-PEA binding events are 214 and 324 nM, respectively.
Trace amines overlap substantially with classical biogenic amines neurotransmitters regarding to chemical properties, synthesis, and breakdown; trace amines commonly colocalize in neurons with these neurotransmitters.
Psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia have been linked to irregular levels of trace amines.
See also
References
- Barker SA, Monti JA and Christian ST (1981). N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An endogenous hallucinogen. In International Review of Neurobiology, vol 22, pp. 83-110; Academic Press, Inc.
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|pmid=11459929instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 11723224, please use {{cite journal}} with
|pmid=11723224instead.
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