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| ] - '''February''' - ] - ] - ] - ] - ] - ] - ] - ] - ] - ] | |||
| The following events occurred in ]: | |||
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| ==], 1975 (Saturday)== | |||
| The following events occurred in ]: | |||
| *The ] is launched in the ]. | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Sunday)== | ||
| * ]: Former U.S. Attorney General ], former presidential Chief of Staff ] and ] were found guilty by a jury or 9 women and 3 men, on charges of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and perjury in the cover-up of the Watergate scandal. Robert C. Mardian, a fourth defendant, was found guilty on one count of conspiracy. <ref>"4 EX-NIXON AIDES CONVICTED, FACE LONG COVERUP TERMS", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 2, 1975, p1</ref> <ref>"Tapes Tipped the Scales", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 2, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *In college football, the previously-undefeated Alabama Crimson Tide, ranked #1 in the UPI poll and #2 by the AP, lost to #9 Notre Dame, 13-11, in the Orange Bowl, giving Irish coach ] a victory in his final game. <ref>"End Of Ara Era: Irish Stem Tide", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 2, 1975, p41</ref> The #5 USC Trojans, going for a 2-point conversion rather than kicking an extra point, defeated #3 Ohio State (#2 in UPI), 18-17, to win the Rose Bowl before a crowd of 106,000. <ref>"Trojans Disdain Tie in 18-17 Victory", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 2, 1975, p2-1</ref>. Oklahoma University, ranked #1 by the AP, and was ineligible for a bowl and for a ranking in the UPI Coaches' Poll, while #4 Michigan was not invited to a bowl. | |||
| *The ] began the campaign that would put it in control of ], cutting off the supply lines to ]. <ref name=Kissinger>Henry Kissinger, ''Years of Renewal'' (Simon and Schuster, 2000) p502</ref> | |||
| *Knighthood was conferred by ] on comedian ], author ], athlete ], and cricket legend ]. <ref>"Charlie Chaplin, P.G. Wodehouse Knighted", ''St. Petersburg Times'', January 2, 1975, p2-A</ref> | |||
| *In fiction, the 2000 novel '']'', by ], opens with Archie Jones making an attempt at suicide on January 1, 1975. <ref>Zadie Smith, ''White Teeth: A Novel'' (Random House, 2000) p3</ref> | |||
| *The new Constitution of Sweden came into effect. <ref>Heather Knowles, ''Passport Series: Western Europe'' (Lorenz Educational Press, 2010) p149</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Monday)== | ||
| *], the Railway Minister of India, was assassinated as he attended a ceremony to dedicate a new railway line at ] in the ] State. Mishra was fatally injured by a bomb that had been placed under the speaker's ], in a blast that killed another person and injured 23 other people, and died the next day. <ref>"Blast Kills Rail Chief in India", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 3, 1975, p1-2</ref> Members of the terrorist group ] claimed responsibility for the blast, aiming to retaliate for the imprisonment of their leader, ]. <ref>Sean Anderson and Stephen Sloan, ''Historical Dictionary of Terrorism (Scarecrow Press, 2009) p20</ref> | |||
| *Bangladesh Marxist leader ] was arrested, then shot and killed on orders by that nation's president, ]. Mujibur himself would be assassinated seven months later. <ref>S. Mahmud Ali, ''Understanding Bangladesh'' (Columbia University Press, 2010) p305</ref> | |||
| *The bill approving the ] was signed into law by U.S. President Ford. <ref>"Who's Making the Rules Around Here Anyway?", by Cary H. Copeland, ''ABA Journal'' (May 1976) p665</ref> | |||
| *The ] (WTO) was established by the ], replacing the International Union of Official Travel Organizations (IUOTO). <ref>Edmund Jan Osmańczyk and Anthony Mango, ''Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements'', Volume 4 (Taylor & Francis, 2003) p2757</ref> | |||
| *The ] were ranked #1 in the final UPI ] poll, taken of college coaches, giving them a share of the mythical national championship. <ref>"Southern Cal Ranked No. 1", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 2, 1975, p2-10</ref> | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 91, Greek radiologist | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Tuesday)== | ||
| *The ], the first successfully ], kills 2,041 and injures 27,538 in ], ]. | |||
| *The ] were given the number 1 ranking in the final AP sportwriters poll of the ], and a share of the unofficial national college football championship. The Sooners had been the only undefeated and untied team, but had been ineligible for postseason play, and were not included in the UPI coaches' poll. The USC Trojans, #1 in UPI, were 2nd in the AP poll. <ref>"Oklahoma Picked No. 1", ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', January 4, 1975, p2-3</ref> | |||
| *In the largest return in history of U.S. government land to an American Indian tribe, 250 square miles of the ] were deeded back to the ] with the signing of a bill by President Ford. The 400 members of the tribe had been limited to a reservation of only 518 acres, less than one square mile, at the bottom of Havasu Canyon, since 1882. The legislation also enlarged the National Park by adding an additional 687,000 acres to bring its total size to 1,875 sqare miles. <ref>Todd R. Berger, ''It Happened at Grand Canyon'' (Globe Pequot, 2007) p126 </ref> | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 77, announcer since 1931 for the weekly radio broadcasts of the ]. Cross, known to his fans as "Mr. Opera", was preparing for the next day's show when he collapsed at his home. | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Wednesday)== | ||
| *] of the ], who had been the NHL's Rookie of the Year two years earlier, suffered a career ending eye injury after being high-sticked by ] of the ] during Boston's 8-0 win. Forbes would become the first American professional athlete to be criminally indicted for a crime committed in the course of a game, although the trial ended in a hung jury. In 1980, Boucha settled a lawsuit against Forbes, the Bruins and the NHL for $1,500,000. <ref> | |||
| Stanley H. Teitelbaum, ''Sports Heroes, Fallen Idols'' (University of Nebraska Press, 2008) p204</ref> | |||
| *U.S. President ] signed legislation making 55 miles per hour the maximum speed limit across the United States, making permanent what had been a temporary order in 1973 by President Nixon. <ref>"Ford Makes 55 mph Permanent, Signs Bill To Aid Jobless", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 5, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *Executive Order 11828 created the Commission on CIA Activities within the United States, chaired by U.S. Vice-President ]. <ref>W. Thomas Smith, ''Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency'' (Infobase Publishing, 2003) p90</ref> | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 54, American comic strip artist who created the characters in ]; and ], 71, Italian novelist and legislator | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Thursday)== | ||
| *'']'', a musical adaptation of '']'' with an African-American cast, opened on Broadway. It would go on to win two Tony Awards and run for 1,672 performances. <ref>Michael Patrick Hearn, ed., ''The Annotated Wizard of Oz'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 2000)</ref> | |||
| *The ] in ], ], ] by the bulk ore carrier ''Lake Illawarra'', killing 12 people. The ship struck a support on the mile long bridge at about 9:00 pm, bringing down a 240-foot long section on top of it, and sank. Three vehicles on the bridge plunged into the ] below. <ref>"5 Die As Ship Hits Aussie Span, Sinks", ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', January 6, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *The leaders of the three military groups fighting for the independence of Angola- Jonas Savimbi of UNITA, Agostinho Neto of MPLA, and Holden Roberto of FNLA- signed the Mombasa Agreement in Kenya's capital, under the sponsorship of President Jomo Kenyatta, pledging to work together to negotiate with Portugal. The united front lasted only a few months, after the United States allied with UNITA and the Soviet Union assisted the MPLA. <ref>W. Martin James III, ''A Political History of the Civil War in Angola, 1974-1990'' (Transaction Publishers, 2011) p55</ref> <ref name=Angola>W. Martin James, ''Historical Dictionary of Angola'' (Scarecrow Press, 2011) p169</ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], the African-American NHL player (1996-present) to be born and trained in the United States; in ]; ], American NFL running back, in ], ]; and ], American actor (''Alias''), in ] | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 29, American MLB pitcher for the Houston Astros (1966-1974), by carbon monoxide poisoning; ], 79, convicted German SS General and Nazi war criminal who spent six years at Spandau prison; and ], 80, German Panzer division general who spent ten years in a Soviet prison | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
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| *The game show '']'', created by ] and inspired by the children's game ], premiered on ] at 10:30 am Eastern time. The original hosts were ] and ], who would be replaced in 1982 by ] and ], respectively. <ref>Horace Newcomb, ''Encyclopedia of Television'' (CRC Press, 2004) p2527</ref> | |||
| *After the sale of gold was legalized in the United States, for the first time since 1933, on December 31, the U.S. Treasury conducted its first auction of a part of its gold reserves, setting aside an unprecedented 2,000,000 ounces for sale, in individual 400 ounce gold bricks, valued at $70,000 apiece based on the European market price of $175 an ounce. The first sealed bid that was opened was for $156 an ounce by the investment firm of Austern and Paul. <ref>"Big gold auction opens to 200 bids", ''Miami News'', January 6, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *'']'', which would later be replaced by '']'', made its television debut on ] at 7:00 am Eastern time. Intended to compete against the ''Today'' show and ''The CBS Morning News'', the news series was hosted by ], with co-hosts ] and ]. | |||
| *An attempt by ] to become the first person to fly a balloon across the Atlantic Ocean, ended before it started. Multimillionaire publisher Forbes and aerospace scientist Thomas Heinsheimer were preparing to lift off from ] in the ''Windborne'' for a 7,000 mile trip. <ref>"2 Safe As Balloons Burst", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 6, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], Brazilian beach volleyball player, and 2004 Olympic gold medalist; in ], ] | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 92, isolationist U.S. Senator (D-Montana) 1923-47 | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Saturday)== | ||
| *The South Vietnamese province of ] became the first to be captured by Viet Cong invaders, who led an assault with tanks and three infantry divisions. <ref>"Viet Reds Capture An Entire Province", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 4, 1975, p1</ref> Out of 5,400 South Vietnamese Army defenders, only 850 survived, and twenty Vietnam Air Force planes were shot down; local officials were summarily executed. <ref>Spencer Tucker, ''Vietnam'' (UCL Press, 1999)</ref>; U.S. Secretary of State ] would later write, "Phuoc Binh was the test case" for the North Vietnamese government to decide whether to proceed with trying to conquer South Vietnam, and "If the United States reacted, there was still a chance for Hanoi to withdraw from the brink." <ref name=Kissinger/> | |||
| *The ], which would go on to win three national championships and more than 80% of its games, played its very first game, and lost, 59-55, to visiting ]. <ref>''Louisiana Tech Lady Techsters Basketball 2010-11 Media Guide'', p122</ref> The crowd for the first was about 45 people. <ref>Kim Mulkey, ''Won't Back Down: Teams, Dreams, and Family'' (Da Capo Press, 2008) p20</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Sunday)== | ||
| *The '']'' crew (], ]) returns to Earth after 1 month aboard the '']'' space station. | |||
| *The '']'' broke an exclusive story that Soviet leader ] was going to arrive in Boston's ] to receive treatment for ]. <ref>"Brezhnev reportedly coming to Boston cancer center today", ''Boston Globe'', January 8, 1975, p1</ref> The hospital, the Kremlin and the White House quickly denied the story <ref>"Brezhnev Boston trip denied", ''Miami News'', January 8, 1975, p1; "Cancer story 'false'", ''Ottawa Citizen'', January 7, 1975, p4</ref> and the ''Globe'' soon admitted that it had been the victim of a hoax. <ref>"Boston Fooled by Hoax on Brezhnev Visit", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 30, 1975, p4</ref>. Brezhnev, who did not have leukemia and who was not coming to the United States, would live on until 1982. | |||
| *After ]'s Phuoc Long province had been conquered without any intervention by the United States, the Politburo of North Vietnam's Communist Party approved "Campaign 275", to "liberate" the rest of South Vietnam, starting with a full-scale attack on the Central Highlands. Party First Secretary ] ordered strikes on ], ], ], ] and ]. <ref>J. Edward Lee and Toby Haynsworth, ''Nixon, Ford, and the Abandonment of South Vietnam'' (McFarland, 2002) p83</ref> | |||
| *] became ], the first female U.S. governor who did not succeed her husband. <ref>"Mrs. Grasso Sees Hard Times Ahead", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 9, 1975, p3</ref> | |||
| *Convicted Watergate conspiators ], ] and ] were released from prison after serving sentences ranging from four months to seven months. <ref>"Sirica Frees Dean, 2 Others in Scandal", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 8, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Monday)== | ||
| *Denmark's Liberal Party, led by Prime Minister ], gained seats in the election for the Parliament, the 179 seat Folketing, to increase its share to 42 members. The Social Democrats gained as well, winning 53 seats. <ref>"Danes Vote; Coalition May Result", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 10, 1975, p4</ref> | |||
| *"The Beatles & Co., Ltd.", the corporation created by ], ], ] and ] to pay them as employees in order to effect a savings on taxes, was formally dissolved by a court in London, four years after McCartney had filed suit in the year after the band's breakup. <ref>Peter Doggett, ''You Never Give Me Your Money: The Beatles After the Breakup'' (HarperCollins, 2010) p28</ref> | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 77, U.S. Representative, 1933-39 and first woman to represent Indiana in Congress | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Tuesday)== | ||
| *] defeats ] for the ] of the ]. | |||
| *] broke a 900 year old policy by accepting a woman as an envoy from to the Vatican. Bernadette Olowo was appointed by ], which had 3.5 million Roman Catholics, more than any other nation in Africa, and was also that nation's ambassador to ]. A spokesman for the Vatican said, "The acceptance of a woman ambassador will be subject to the same rules as men," including good moral behavior and compliance with for Roman Catholic doctrine. The year before, the Pope had rejected an Australian nomination of a woman ambassador because she was a divorcee. Forty years earlier, ] had declared that women should not work at any occupation outside of the home. <ref> "First female envoy gets Pope's approval", ''St. Petersburg Times'', January 11, 1975, p5-B</ref> | |||
| *Colonel ], President of ], is assassinated. | |||
| *The ] began its first round-the-world cruise, departing New York City under tight security with 1,200 passengers. <ref>"Security Tight as Luxury Ship Starts Journey", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 11, 1975, p2</ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], American NFL quarterback, in ] | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Wednesday)== | ||
| *], with Soviet cosmonauts ] and ], both 43 and making their first flights, lifted off from the Baikonur space center and docked successfully with the ] space station, becoming the first men to occupy it. <ref>"2 Cosmonauts Settle Into Salyut 4 'Home'", ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', January 13, 1975, p3</ref> They would return to Earth on February 7 after setting a new record for most days (28) spent in outer space. <ref>Philip Baker, ''The Story of Manned Space Stations: An Introduction'' (Springer, 2007) p53</ref> | |||
| *The last remains of the rocket that had launched ] into orbit in 1973, re-entered the atmosphere and burned up at about 3:00 pm EST. <ref>"Remains of Rocket End Journey", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 11, 1975, p3</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Thursday)== | ||
| *A "]" is declared as an unsuccessful first step to international recognition of a ] in ]. | |||
| *]: The ] defeated the ] 16–6 at ] in ], to win their first NFL championship in their 42 year history. The Steelers led 2-0 at halftime after Randy White sacked Vikings' quarterback ] in the end zone, and only 9-6 in the last quarter until Pittsburgh drove to another touchdown late in the game. <ref>"SUPER STEELERS WIN, 16-6", ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', January 13, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *Fire breaks out in the ]. | |||
| *Caryn Campbell vanished while walking from the lobby to her room at the Wildwood Inn at ]. She was the 15th victim of serial killer ], but the first for whose murder he ever stood trial. <ref> | |||
| Kevin M. Sullivan, ''The Bundy Murders: A Comprehensive History'' (McFarland, 2009) pp119-124</ref> | |||
| *], guru of the ] movement, declared to a gathering of thousands of his followers, at ], on ] in Switzerland, that the dawn of the new Age of Enlightenment had arrived. <ref>Bob Oates, ''Celebrating the Dawn: Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and the TM Technique'' (Putnam, 1976) p57 </ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
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| *The Chrysler Corporation began offering rebates of up to $400 on specific models of new cars and light trucks in what was described as "an unprecedented five week campaign". The move was driven by an inventory of 340,000 unsold 1975 models, with the incentive of paying customers rather than reducing the sticker price. <ref>"Chrysler Rebates May Set Trend", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 8, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *Terrorists attempted to shoot down an El Al airliner that was preparing to take off from Orly airport in Paris on a flight to New York with 136 passengers. The missile failed to hit due to the pilot's evasive action, and struck a Yugoslavian DC-9 that had not yet boarded, but failed to explode. A second attempt was made six days later, and the two tries were traced to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, to Muamar Gadhafi, and to the international terrorist ] (Carlos). <ref> | |||
| Ruwantissa Abeyratne, ''Aviation Security Law'' (Springer, 2010) p30</ref> | |||
| *The coldest ] ever recorded in North America was measured at ], in the ] territory of ] (formerly Pelly Bay, Northwest Territories). An air temperature of -60°F and a wind speed of 35 mph combined for a wind chill factor of -135°F (-78°C) <ref>Christopher C. Burt and Mark Stroud, ''Extreme Weather: A Guide & Record Book'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 2007) p58</ref> | |||
| *In a crime that shocked all of ], terrorists from the ] (MNF) charged into the police headquarters at ], capital of the ] state, and murdered the three top officials- Inspector General G.S. Arya, Deputy Inspector Sewa and Police Superintendent Panchapakesan. <ref> | |||
| Suhas Chatterjee, ''Making of Mizoram: Role of Laldenga'' (M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1994) p244</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Saturday)== | ||
| *The ], most notable for its investigations and accusations of Communist infiltration of Hollywood, was disbanded by the U.S. House of Representatives after 37 years. In 1969, it had been renamed the "Committee on Internal Security". <ref>Richard Gid Powers, ''Not without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism'' (Yale University Press, 1998) p353; "Democrats Vote to Abolish Security Committee", ''Sarasota Herald-Tribune'', January 14, 1975, p5-A </ref> | |||
| *U.S. Secretary of State ] announced that the Soviet Union was rescinding its agreement to a trade deal with the United States, eleven days after the ] to the ] had been signed into law. The amendment, sponsored by U.S. Senator and Democratic presidential candidate ] (as well as U.S. Representative ] provided that nations with "non-market economies" that restricted emigration were to be denied ] status, and had been aimed at putting pressure on the Soviet Union to drop its opposition to allowing its Jewish citizens to emigrate. Soviet First Secretary ] had sent a letter to U.S. President Ford on December 25, warning that the amendment was unacceptable. The amendment had the opposite effect, with Jewish emigration decreasing by 35% between 1974 and 1975. <ref>Robert G. Kaufman, ''Henry M. Jackson: A Life in Politics'' (University of Washington Press, 2000) p280-281; "Trade Pact Repudiated By Russia", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 15, 1975, p1 </ref> | |||
| *The ], an international treaty requiring the signatory nations to keep the United Nations informed of the orbital details of any object launched into outer space, was signed in New York, and went into effect on September 15, 1976. <ref>Francis Lyall and Paul B. Larsen, ''Space Law: A Treatise'' (Ashgate Publishing, 2009) p85</ref> | |||
| *U.S. Vice-President ] was named by President Ford to chair a special commission to investigate domestic spying by the ]. <ref>Bruce P. Montgomery, ''Richard B. Cheney and the Rise of the Imperial Vice Presidency'' (ABC-CLIO, 2009) p29</ref> (January 5?) | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
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| *The ] was signed at the Penina Golfe Hotel in ], ], by the chiefs of the three groups fighting for the independence of ] (Savimbi, Neto and Roberto) and President Costa Gomes of ], after which the Portuguese government announced a date of November 11, 1975, for the independence of the colony of Portuguese West Africa as Angola. <ref>"Angola to Become Independent Nov. 11", ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', January 16, 1975, p4</ref> <ref name=Angola/> <ref>Witney W. Schneidman, ''Engaging Africa: Washington and the Fall of Portugal's Colonial Empire'' (University Press of America, 2004) p198</ref> | |||
| *], an enclosed roller coaster, operated in near darkness, opened at ] in Florida, and later was duplicated at the other Disney parks. <ref>Susan Veness, ''The Hidden Magic of Walt Disney World'' (Adams Media, 2009) p54; "Disney World Opens Space Mountain", ''Lakeland (FL) Ledger'', January 17, 1975, p1D</ref> | |||
| *CIA Director ] confirmed the reports from ''New York Times'' reporter ] and revealed to a U.S. Senate subcommittee that the agency had violated its charter by spying on American citizens for activities within the United States. <ref>"CIA ADMITS SPYING INSIDE U.S.", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 15, 1975, p1; Frank J. Smist, Jr., ''Congress Oversees the United States Intelligence Community, 1947-1994'' (University of Tennessee Press, 1994) p27 </ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], Canadian-born French professional tennis player; winner of Australian Open, 1995, and French Open, 2000; in ] | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 72, Albanian poet | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Monday)== | ||
| ] | |||
| *A U.S. District Court jury awarded $12,000,000 to 1,200 anti-war demonstrators who had been illegally arrested on May 5, 1971 while they listened to a speech by Congressman ] of California at the U.S. Capitol. The amount was ordered payable by the District of Columbia government, following the suit by the ACLU. Many of the group had been detained at makeshift compounds, including the RFK Stadium. The ACLU had located 900 of the named plaintiffs <ref>"D.C. Protesters Get $12 Million", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 17, 1975, p1; "Calls Pour In For Share Of D.C. Suit", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 18, 1975, p3 </ref> | |||
| *The NBC television show ], starring ] as wheelchair-bound police detective Robert Ironside, showed its 199th and final episode after a run of eight seasons. <ref>"'Ironside' Ending Tonight", ''Ocala (FL) Star-Banner'', January 16, 1975, p12B</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Tuesday)== | ||
| *At the first meeting of China's National People's Congress in ten years, ] was re-elected as Prime Minister, and ], who had been in disgrace with the Communist Party for eight years, was elected as a Vice-Premier and Vice-Chairman of the party. Yeh Chin-ying was made Defense Minister, filling a spot left vacant by the death of the vilified ]. <ref>"China Re-elects Ailing Chou" ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 18, 1975, p1</ref> A new Constitution for the People's Republic was promulgated on the same day. <ref>Xing Lu, ''Rhetoric of the Chinese Cultural Revolution: the Impact on Chinese Thought, Culture, and Communication'' University of South Carolina Press, 2004) p76 </ref> | |||
| *After the French Chamber of Deputies voted 284-189 in favor of legalization of abortion, the law proposed by ] went into effect, allowing abortion on demand during the first ten weeks of pregnancy. <ref>Melanie Latham, ''Regulating Reproduction: A Century of Conflict in Britain and France'' (Manchester University Press, 2002) p123</ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], New Zealand rugby union football player, in ] | |||
| *'''Died:''' General ], 74, ] 1953-57 | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
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| ]<!--Non free file removed by DASHBot--> | |||
| *The first of 253 episodes of '']'' was telecast, as ], ] and ] took their recurring characters on '']'' (George, Louise and Lionel Jefferson) to a spinoff TV series that would run for eleven seasons, concluding in 1985. <ref>James S. Olson, ''Historical Dictionary of the 1970s'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999) p210</ref> | |||
| *The derailment of a train near ] killed 27 persons in Egypt and injured 52. <ref>"Derailment Kills 27", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 19, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
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| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| *The ] was split up into the ] (NRC) and the ] (ERDA), under the terms of the ]. The NRC assumed the functions of regulating private nuclear power plants, while ERDA oversaw nuclear weapons. <ref>Barton C. Hacker, ''Elements of Controversy: the Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947-1974'' (University of California Press, 1994) p254</ref> | |||
| *Three Arab gunmen went to the observation deck at the ] in ] and tried to shoot down at ] 747 jumbo jet as it was taking off from Paris to ] with 220 people on board. After police prevented them from succeeding, the gunmen fired machine guns into the crowd and threw grenades, wounding 78 people, then took ten hostages. After 17 hours, the men were allowed to depart on a flight to Iraq after freeing all of their hostages. <ref>"ARABS FREE 10, FLY TO MIDDLE EAST", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 20, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *]: A 6.8 magnitude earthquake struck in the state of ], ], at 1:30 pm local time, killing 47 people, mostly in the township of Kaurik. <ref>"Quake Kills 14" ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 20, 1975, p1; S. S. Negi, ''Discovering the Himalaya'' (Indus Publishing, 2002) p500</ref> | |||
| *A group of four surfers became the first to ride the 15 foot breaker at ] in ], described in at least one source as "the final big-wave frontier". <ref>Matt Warshaw, ''The Encyclopedia of Surfing'' (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2005) p265</ref> | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 85, known for his painting of ]s across the United States, died the day after completing his final work, entitled ''The Sources of Country Music''. <ref>Lawrence O. Christensen, ''Dictionary of Missouri Biography'' (University of Missouri Press, 1999) p64</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Friday)== | ||
| *]: Former ] ], and former ] aides ] and ], are sentenced to between 30 months and 8 years in prison. | |||
| * Work was abandoned on the ] end of the ]. The House of Commons approved cancellation of the project, 294-218, after Environment Secretary ] said that the nation could no longer afford the cost, which had increased to $4.6 billion. <ref> "Majority of 76 for decision to drop Chunnel project", ''Glasgow Herald'', January 21, 1975, p3 </ref> Crosland, 56, said that he expected that the tunnel would be finished during his lifetime <ref>"Channel Tunnel Plan Shelved", ''Milwaukee Journal'', January 21, 1975, p7 </ref>, but he died two years later. Work was restarted in 1986 as a private venture, and the tunnel was completed in 1994. <ref>Graham Anderson and Ben Roskrow, ''The Channel Tunnel Story'' (Taylor & Francis, 1994) p1</ref> | |||
| *The ] and the ] Indian tribes received a major victory in their lawsuit against the ] and their claims against the ], when U.S. District Judge ] ruled in ] that the Interior Department had to intervene on their side in the case, based on the ] of 1790. <ref>"Maine Indians upheld in landmark suit against U.S.", ''Bangor Daily News'', January 22, 1975, p1</ref> The two small tribes would go on to obtain an $81,500,000 settlement and build a huge gambling empire. <ref>Kim Isaac Eisler, ''Revenge of the Pequots: How a Small Native American Tribe Created the World's Most Profitable Casino'' (University of Nebraska Press, 2002) p75</ref> | |||
| *], located in ], held its first classes, as Life Chiropractic College, with 22 students enrolled. By 1995, it had more than 4,000 students. <ref>Sid E. Williams, ''Lasting Purpose: A Mindset for Success'' (HCI, 1996) p147</ref> | |||
| *], ], Ron Meyer, Bill Haber, and Rowland Perkins founded the ] after departing from the William Morris agency, and built CAA into one of the most powerful groups of sports agents and entertainment agents. <ref>Robert Slater, ''Ovitz: The Inside Story of Hollywood's Most Controversial Power Broker'' (McGraw Hill, 1997) p209</ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], American MLB baseball player; 2006 World Series MVP; in ] | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Saturday)== | ||
| *In the English town of ], Dr. ], a young general practitioner, made a house call to 73 year old widow Lily Crossley, who died half an hour after he left. Later in the day, he visited Elizabeth Pearce, 84, who died a few minutes later of what he listed as a cerebral hemorrhage. At the close of the day, he visited Robert Lingard, 63, who died minutes later of what Dr. Shipman described as a heart attack. <ref>Wensley Clarkson, ''The Good Doctor'' (Macmillan, 2002) pp60-61</ref> They were the first of hundreds of Dr. Shipman's patients to die after he treated them, until his arrest in 1998. Officially, there were 215 confirmed victims, and he was suspected in the deaths of another 200. <ref>"Shipman, Harold Frederick", in ''The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers'' by Michael Newton (Infobase Publishing, 2006) pp239-241</ref> | |||
| *The bodies of ten men and three women were found at Club Gargantua, a topless bar in ], victims of an apparent gangland slaying. The club's manager was shot, and the entire group was herded into a storeroom, which was then padlocked and set afire. <ref>"13 Slain Gang-Style At Bar In Montreal", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 21, 1975, p1</ref> The gangster suspected in the murders, Richard Blass, nicknamed "The Cat" for his ability to elude attempts on life and to escape jail three times, was killed three days later by Montreal police after going for his gun when he was cornered. <ref>"Montreal Blaze Suspect Slain", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 25, 1975, p3</ref> | |||
| *The United States Supreme Court rendered its decision in '']'', invalidating a Louisiana state law that exempted women from jury duty unless they specifically requested to be eligible. <ref>Sara Dubow, ''Ourselves Unborn: A History of the Fetus in Modern America'' (Oxford University Press, 2010) p211</ref> | |||
| *The ] became the first American sports league to allow women journalists into the players' locker room for interviews, a privilege formerly reserved for men. The NBA followed suit later in the year, with MLB and the NFL not admitting female reporters until later. <ref>Ray Gamache, ''A History of Sports Highlights: Replayed Plays from Edison to ESPN'' (McFarland, Jul 11, 2010) pp148-149</ref> The two women included in the press at the game in Montreal (which the Wales Conference won 7-1 over the Campbell Conference), were Robin Herman of the '']'' and Marcelle St. Cyr of Montreal redio station CKLM. <ref>"Everyone welcome", ''Regina Leader-Post'', January 21, 1975, p23</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Sunday)== | ||
| *In response to the ], ] commences nearly 2 months early in the ]. | |||
| *Almost 50 years after it had been proposed, the United States ratified the Geneva Protocol of 1925, a treaty to ban use of poison gases in wartime as President Ford signed the measure. The U.S. Senate had voted in favor of ratification, 93-0, on December 16, 1974. <ref>"Started By Coolidge, Treaty Finally Law", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 23, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *], the second in a series of American satellites designed to photograph images around the world, was launched from ] at 9:56 am. <ref>"New Satellite Put Into Orbit To Film Earth", ''Sarasota Herald-Tribune'', January 23, 1975, p16-A</ref> Nine days earlier, ERTS-1 (launched on ] was renamed ] while in orbit above the Earth. Landsat 2 was removed from service on February 25, 1982. <ref>Kali Charan Sahu, ''Textbook of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems'' (Atlantic Publishers, 2007) p172</ref> | |||
| *An angry crowd of 3,000 people, angry about the mishandling of flood relief by Governor Khlai Chitphithak of ] in ], attacked his official residence and burned it to the ground. The Governor was able to escape the city and to flee to Bangkok. <ref>Benedict Anderson, ''The Spectre of Comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the World'' (Verso, 1998) p161</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Monday)== | ||
| *Dr. ], a heart surgeon at the ], successfully inflated a double-lumen balloon ] (which he had designed with his wife, assistant and her husband) to dilate the iliac artery of a dog without the side effects of creating an embolism. Later in the year, on September 24, he would first test the method on a ], and on September 16, 1976, he would use the technique for the first ] on a human being. <ref>Adrian Thomas, et al., ''Classic Papers in Modern Diagnostic Radiology (Springer, 2005) p514</ref> | |||
| *U.S. President Gerald Ford signed a proclamation for an eventual three-dollar per barrel fee on imported oil, with a one dollar fee effective on February 1, followed by similar increases on March 1 and April 1. Ten northeastern States would receive rebates on the fees due to their heavier reliance on imported oil. Congress voted to delay the increase for 90 days, and a federal court eventually ruled that the President did not have the power to implement fees independently of Congress. <ref>Yanek Mieczkowski, ''Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s'' (University Press of Kentucky, 2005) pp232-233; "Ford Boosts Foreign Oil Tariff", ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', January 24, 1975, p1 </ref> | |||
| *The first measurement of astronomical data by an ] took place as astronomers in North America gathered information from the passage of ] between the Earth and the star ]. <ref>Stephen J. Edberg and David H. Levy, ''Observing Comets, Asteroids, Meteors, and the Zodiacal Light'' (Cambridge University Press, 1994) p103</ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], American martial artist; UFC light heavyweight champion, 2000-03; in ]; and Kevin Jones, nine-time medalist at ] competition (gold in cycling at 1998 Summer X games and gold in snowboarding at 2000 and 2001 Winter X Games), in ] | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Tuesday)== | ||
| ] | |||
| ]<!--Non free file removed by DASHBot--> | |||
| *] ] ] played the solo ] ']' at the ]. The live performance became the best-selling piano recording in history.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allaboutjazz.com/php/musician.php?id=7984|title=Keith Jarrett - Biography|work=]|accessdate=2011-04-09}}</ref> <ref>David Davies, ''Philosophy of the Performing Arts'' (John Wiley & Sons, 2011) p135</ref> | |||
| *Dr. ] was enthroned as the new ], the administrator of the Church of England. <ref>"Anglicans Install 101st Archbishop", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 24, 1975, p4</ref> | |||
| *A bomb, planted by the Puerto Rican nationalist group FALN, killed 4 people and injured 58 at the Anglers Club in New York City. The club was located in the dining room of the Frances Tavern, where George Washington had given his Farewell Address in 1783. A note from the group said that the bombing was in retaliation for a blast on January 11 in ], which the FALN said had been placed by the CIA, and had killed 2 people and injured 11. <ref>"N.Y. Bomb Kills 4, Injures 40", ''Pittsburgh Press'', January 25, 1975, p1; David N. Bossie, ''Hillary: The Politics of Personal Destruction'' (Thomas Nelson Inc, 2008) </ref> | |||
| *Dr. ] was arrested at his home in ] after being indicted by a federal grand jury in North Carolina, for the February 17, 1970 murders of his wife and two daughters while he had been in the U.S. Army. Murder charges had been brought against MacDonald but dropped that year for lack of evidence. MacDonald maintained that the killings had been done by four hippies who chanted "Acid is groovy, kill the pigs" before beating him unconscious, and that he had woken to find his family dead. <ref>"Ex-Army Doctor Arrested Again In Family Killing", ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', January 25, 1975, p2</ref> MacDonald was freed on bail a week later. His case came to trial in 1979, and he was found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. A federal court reversed the conviction in 1980 and MacDonald was freed on bail again, then re-arrested and imprisoned in 1982 after the verdict was upheld. <ref>Jerry Allen Potter and Fred Bost, ''Fatal Justice: Reinvestigating the MacDonald Murders'' (W. W. Norton & Company, 1997)</ref> | |||
| *Only seven months after its launch, the ] space station was deorbited by the Soviet Union, a day after the secret test-firing of its defensive cannon. It was later determined that the firing of the shells had not played a role in taking the station out of orbit. Salyut 3 re-entered the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean and burned up. <ref>Ben Evans, ''Foothold in the Heavens: The Seventies'' (Springer, 2010) p286; "Salyut 3 Ends Mission, Burns in Space", ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', January 25, 1975 </ref> | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 72, who had been one of ] along with ] (who would die on May 4) and ] | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Wednesday)== | ||
| *A fleeing ] member shoots and kills off-duty London police officer ], 22, as he gives chase. | |||
| *], the first ], declared a state of emergency and was authorized to rule by decree. Shortly afterward, the legislature, dominated by the ] party, banned all opposition political parties. <ref>Craig Baxter and Syedur Rahman, ''Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh'' (Scarecrow Press, 2003) p20</ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], described by the ] cult as the first product of "]" and heir apparent to cult leader ] (d. 2005); and ], American track athlete, 2000 Olympic gold medalist; in ] | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Thursday)== | ||
| *The ] kidnaps ] politician ]. He is released on ] after most of the kidnappers' demands are met. | |||
| *] defeated the ] 80-48 in the first nationally televised ] game in the ]. <ref>, ''Ocala (FL) Star-Banner", January 27, 1975, p2B</ref> | |||
| *]: In what the ''New York Times'' described as "Thailand's freest and fairest national election in history, the winners were divided among 22 political parties for the 269 seat House of Representatives. <ref>"Thailand's Free Election", ''New York Times'', February 3, 1975</ref> The ] won 72 of the available seats, or roughly 27%, and ] formed a coalition government that would last only two weeks, before he was replaced by his brother. <ref>Takashi Shiraishi and P. N. Abinales,''After the Crisis: Hegemony, Technocracy and Governance in Southeast Asia'' (Trans Pacific Press, 2005) p28</ref> | |||
| *The ] was created. <ref>Christopher McCreery, ''The Order of Canada: its origins, history, and development'' (University of Toronto Press, 2005)</ref> | |||
| *'''Died:''' Joseph Andreas Jungman, 85, Austrian liturgical scholar | |||
| ==], 1975 ( |
==], 1975 (Friday)== | ||
| *A ] at ], ] kills 43 people. | |||
| *The U.S. Senate voted 82-4 to establish its own special committee to investigate the CIA, with Frank Church of Idaho as the chairman. <ref>L. Britt Snider, ''Agency and the hill: the cia's relationship with congress'' (Government Printing Office, Aug 7, 2008) p34</ref> | |||
| * In ], ], the ] and 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries sign a financial and economic treaty, known as the first ]. | |||
| ==], 1975 (Tuesday)== | |||
| *] and the ] signed an agreement for a joint venture of drilling for oil on ], former Japanese territory that became part of the USSR. In return for funding of the development, Japan would receive "a significant discount on half of the pumped oil" for ten years. <ref>Werner D. Lippert, ''The Economic Diplomacy of Ostpolitik: Origins of NATO's Energy Dilemma'' (Berghahn Books, 2010) p169</ref> | |||
| *] had what he claimed to be his first face-to-face contact with "Semjase", one of the inhabitants of the planet "Erra" in the ] star cluster, after driving near his home in the Swiss village of Schmidruti. <ref>Jim Marrs, ''Alien Agenda: Investigating the Extraterrestrial Presence Among Us'' (HarperCollins, 2000) p203</ref> | |||
| *'''Died:''' ], 70, President of Czechoslovakia 1957-1968; and ], 93, artists' manager for New York Philharmonic and Philadelphia Orchestra | |||
| ==], 1975 (Wednesday)== | |||
| *The ] bombed the U.S. ] main office in ]. <ref>, ''Miami News'', January 28, 1975, p1</ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], American TV actress (]) and panelist ]; as Sara Rebecca Abeles in ] | |||
| ==], 1975 (Thursday)== | |||
| *] fell into the Sea of Marmara while coming in for a landing in ]. Electric power at the airport failed as the plane, arriving from ] was descending, and the pilot abandoned the landing, and was circling when the jet fell from the sky. All 38 passengers and the crew of 4 were killed. <ref>"Turkish Jet Crashes; 41 Aboard", ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', January 31, 1975, p1; </ref> | |||
| *The area around the wreckage of the gunboat ], which had sunk in 1862 off of ], was designated at the first ] in the United States. The ship, which had fought the CSS Merrimac in the most famous naval battle of the American Civil War, had become an artificial reef over 110 years prior to its location on August 27, 1973. <ref>Paul R. Clancy, ''Ironclad: The Epic Battle, Calamitous Loss, and Historic Recovery of the USS Monitor'' (McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005) p31; "Monitor Safe From Modern Ocean Peril", ''Toledo Blade'', January 30, 1975, p7</ref> | |||
| *The January 31 deadline for ] who fled from the United States during the Vietnam War was extended to March 1. To that time, about 7,400 of 137,000 eligible had participated in the program, which required one year of volunteer service to avoid prosecution. <ref>"Ford Extends Clemency Plan 1 Month, ''Milwaukee Sentinel'', January 31, 1975, p3</ref> | |||
| ==], 1975 (Friday)== | |||
| *The last victim of the ], known as the "Skid Row Slasher", was claimed after Clyde Hay, a 43 year old cash register repairman, was found dead in his home in Hollywood, California. Hay was the killer's ninth victim in two months. The first seven had been transients in Los Angeles. Two days later, the killer was forced to flee during his next murder attempt, but left a clue that would end his spree. ] would be convicted on nine counts of first degree murder almost two years later. <ref>"Greenwood, Vaughn Orrin", in ''The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers'', by Michael Newton (Infobase Publishing, 2006) pp101-102 </ref> | |||
| *'''Born:''' ], Indian film actress, in ], ] state; | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 22:39, 14 December 2011
January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December
The following events occurred in February 1975:
February 1, 1975 (Saturday)
- The Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation is launched in the Philippines.
February 2, 1975 (Sunday)
February 3, 1975 (Monday)
February 4, 1975 (Tuesday)
- The Haicheng earthquake, the first successfully predicted earthquake, kills 2,041 and injures 27,538 in Haicheng, Liaoning, China.
February 5, 1975 (Wednesday)
February 6, 1975 (Thursday)
February 7, 1975 (Friday)
February 8, 1975 (Saturday)
February 9, 1975 (Sunday)
- The Soyuz 17 crew (Georgi Grechko, Aleksei Gubarev) returns to Earth after 1 month aboard the Salyut 4 space station.
February 10, 1975 (Monday)
February 11, 1975 (Tuesday)
- Margaret Thatcher defeats Edward Heath for the leadership of the UK Conservative Party.
- Colonel Richard Ratsimandrava, President of Madagascar, is assassinated.
February 12, 1975 (Wednesday)
February 13, 1975 (Thursday)
- A "Turkish Federated State of North Cyprus" is declared as an unsuccessful first step to international recognition of a Turkish Cypriot separatist state in Cyprus.
- Fire breaks out in the World Trade Center.
February 14, 1975 (Friday)
February 15, 1975 (Saturday)
February 16, 1975 (Sunday)
February 17, 1975 (Monday)
February 18, 1975 (Tuesday)
February 19, 1975 (Wednesday)
February 20, 1975 (Thursday)
February 21, 1975 (Friday)
- Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell, and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, are sentenced to between 30 months and 8 years in prison.
February 22, 1975 (Saturday)
February 23, 1975 (Sunday)
- In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving time commences nearly 2 months early in the United States.
February 24, 1975 (Monday)
February 25, 1975 (Tuesday)
February 26, 1975 (Wednesday)
- A fleeing Provisional Irish Republican Army member shoots and kills off-duty London police officer Stephen Tibble, 22, as he gives chase.
February 27, 1975 (Thursday)
- The Movement 2 June kidnaps West German politician Peter Lorenz. He is released on March 4 after most of the kidnappers' demands are met.
February 28, 1975 (Friday)
- A major tube train crash at Moorgate station, London kills 43 people.
- In Lomé, Togo, the European Economic Community and 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries sign a financial and economic treaty, known as the first Lomé Convention.